RU2657405C1 - Protective casing for pipeline joints and its connections with pipeline valves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: valves production.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of auxiliary devices for the pipeline and pipeline with pipeline fittings connection units (joints) for protection against the liquids and gases emissions. Protective casing consists of preferably connected to each other outer 1 and inner 2 layers. On the outer layer 1, the longitudinal outer swage 3 is made. Inner layer 2 is placed on the swage 3 opposite sides, forming channel 4, which cavity communicates with the swage 3 cavity 5. Inner layer can be made of fibrous or porous material, and the outer layer can be made of metal or polymeric material. Casing may be additionally provided with at least one inspection hole 6 of transparent or opaque material for visual observation of the connection 7 or the valves state. Casing mounting on connections 7 is made by fixing elements 10, for example, bolts, locks, clamps and others.

EFFECT: increase in operational reliability when protecting joints with the passing medium different pressures, including liquids and gas, due to provision of the medium impact force effective damping with the joint depressurizing.

17 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of accessories for the connecting nodes (joints) of the pipeline and the pipeline with pipe fittings, in particular relates to protective covers for protection against emissions of low-temperature and high-temperature liquids and gases pumped under pressure and without pressure, through pipelines, and can be used for any pipe connection, as well as for pipe connections with pipe fittings, for example, for connections between pipe segments, valves, sensors, comp Sensors and the like.

Given the hazardous nature of liquids and gases being pumped through pipelines, the integrity of the piping systems is critical. Leaks most often occur at the joints between pipes (joints) or at the joints between pipes and other nodes - pipe fittings. And considering that the pumped medium is aggressive, possibly even toxic, and is mainly under high pressure, its leaks at the joints can cause damage to equipment, harm the health of employees, and damage the environment. Thus, the problem of creating improved protective nodes for various types of connections and for different pumping pressures is very relevant.

In the prior art, a number of protective shields are known for the above purposes.

There are various designs of devices for sealing the joints of hollow cylindrical elements, for example made of rubber in the form of a shell of cylindrical shape (RF Patent No. 2175093) or conical shape (RF Patents No. 2176352, No. 13409), connecting hollow elements of equal diameters.

Their disadvantage is that they lack such a protective element as a casing located above the junction. These known solutions are used only to connect two sections of the pipeline, and not to protect the connection from depressurization. Therefore, it is not suitable for protecting connections in pipelines with high pumping pressures.

Protective casings are known (Patents of the Russian Federation No. 22822002, No. 2253720) containing a flexible shell made of a polymeric material having, overlapping when it is rolled up, the shape of the side surface of a truncated cone or S-shaped in the longitudinal section of the corrugation, which is formed by two coaxially mounted elements, the inner of which are formed by elements molded from multilayer fiberglass in the form of interconnected bolted upper and lower half shells having a cylindrical with an external stiffener and adjoin conical part to it. As the polymeric material of the shell, rubber reinforced with elastic fabric is used. These well-known casings provide high-quality and reliable installation operations of the pipe structure in the pipe with the installation of a sealing sleeve and its protective casing and reliable operation for a long time.

The disadvantage is the lack of fluid collection, the high complexity of manufacturing and low chemical resistance of rubber. In addition, this casing is used to connect two pipelines of different diameters, while the proposed casing is used to protect the joint.

Also known is a protective casing for joints of pipelines or valves (US Pat. No. 5,489,124), which consists of two parts that are joined together to create a sealed cavity around the protected assembly and have a corrosion-resistant layer that reduces the excess pressure of the liquid when it leakage. The well-known casing fits snugly to the pipe, ensuring complete tightness. Also in its design, fittings for draining the outgoing fluid are provided.

The disadvantage of this casing is the need to use only a metal frame, the hole is only a certain diameter, which are rigidly attached to a specific pipeline of a certain section. In addition, the well-known casing is characterized by the high complexity of manufacturing and the need for a large number of equipment due to the complexity of the form.

Closest to the proposed invention in technical essence is a universal protective casing for flange connections of pipe fittings to protect against splashing of chemicals and solutions (RF Patent No. 97800), the design of which consists of two layers - the inner and at least one outer (protective ), and the inner layer is made of mesh, and the outer one is sealed and waterproof.

The disadvantage of this well-known casing is the lack of effectiveness in protecting the depressurized compound, due to the fact that when the compound is depressurized, the impact force of the medium (both primary and subsequent) usually falls on locally to some zone of the casing, which makes this zone most vulnerable to violation of integrity. And the greater the pressure of the pumped medium in the pipeline, the higher the strength of the specified shock. As a result, the reliability of operation of the known protective casing is significantly reduced due to the possibility of damage in these conditions.

The technical result achieved by the present invention is to increase the operational reliability of the protective casing when protecting compounds with different pressures of the passing medium, including liquids and gas, by ensuring effective damping of the impact force of the medium during depressurization of the connection.

The specified technical result is achieved by the proposed protective casing for the joints of the pipeline and its connections with pipe fittings, consisting of the outer and inner layers, and the new one is that the outer layer is made with a longitudinal outer zig, while the inner layer is made of fibrous or porous material and placed on different sides of the ridge, with the formation of a channel, the cavity of which communicates with the ridge cavity.

The zig is made in the form of a semicircle, or semi-circle, or triangle, or rectangle, or trapezoidal.

The width of the ridge is 0.8-1.2 cm, and the height is 0.4-0.6 cm, respectively.

The width of the channel, the cavity of which communicates with the ridge cavity, is related to the ridge width as (0.5-1.0) to 1, respectively.

As a fibrous inner layer, it contains mineral wool or fiber-porous polytetrafluoroethylene of the Gritex brand.

As a porous inner layer, it contains foamed, flexible, resistant to aggressive media material.

The porous inner layer is made of Penotherm, or Isotherm, or polyurethane foam.

The outer layer is made of metal or polymeric material.

The outer layer is made in the form of a sheet strip with a longitudinal zig, rolled up in a ring, with the formation of the said zig annular protrusion on the outer surface of the outer layer.

The lateral ends of the strip are equipped with petal elements, connected to each other in pairs.

It is made in the form of a single part or in the form of two half-shells connected to each other.

It is additionally equipped with at least one inspection window of transparent material for visual observation of the state of the joints of the pipeline joints or its connection with the fittings.

Inspection windows are removable or openable for monitoring and / or maintenance of the protected connection.

In shape, the inspection windows are made in the form of a circle, or an oval, or a polyhedron of regular or irregular shapes.

It is equipped with at least one drain and / or purge pipe.

It is equipped with an earth element.

The grounding element is made in the form of a bolt or stud.

The technical result is achieved due to the following.

Due to the fact that the outer layer of the proposed protective casing is made with a longitudinal outer zig, damping of the impact force of the medium during depressurization is provided. With this depressurization, the medium flow is directed towards the casing, passes through the channel, abuts against the zig and is redirected back. In this case, the flow decelerates because when redirecting the flow, pressure loss occurs, and the redirected flow serves as a kind of stopper, because a stagnant zone is formed in the ridge region due to accumulation of the pumped medium, a stagnant zone is made up of it, this serves as a brake for an aggressive medium ("stagnant zone" is a flow region in which some part of it stays for a long time or forever. As a result, the effective flow power decreases, as in the presence of leaks, although formally it all remains in the system (http://www.metodolog.ru/00816/00816.html). That means that this will ensure high reliability of operation of the claimed casing, because possible damage to the wall is excluded casing by strong impacts of jets.In essence, a zig is a kind of small “pocket” into which the flow of the pumped medium first gets into when it is depressurized, and then this medium serves as a stop, and it does not leave from there, because the “pocket” is small and the flow the environment is large, it turns out it (the environment) and props up, nourishes and does not allow to leave completely.

Performing a ridge in the form of a semicircle, or semi-circle, or a triangle, or a rectangle, or trapezoid does not change its inhibitory function. Specific parameters of the width and height of the ridge can be, for example, 0.8-1.2 cm and 0.4-0.6 cm, respectively, and are also aimed at achieving optimal damping conditions for the impact force of the jets during depressurization of the connection (the height of the ridge is mainly equal to half the width of the ridge, for semicircular, and the width is chosen so because the width of the gap between the flanges is generally from 6 to 12 mm).

The implementation of the inner layer of the casing of fibrous (for example, mineral wool of all kinds: glass, stone, slag; or polytetrafluoroethylene) or porous material (for example, "Penotherm", "Isotherm", polyurethane foam) also works for this purpose - damping the impact of the environment due to elastic properties of the inner layer, and at the same time, it allows with sufficient efficiency to prevent spraying of the aggressive environment. The implementation of the inner layer in the prototype of the mesh will not allow this effect to be achieved, because, firstly, the mesh has rather large cells compared to fibrous or porous material, which means that it will not have those elastic properties due to which additional damping the speed of the jet, and secondly, it does not provide protection against spraying in case of a possible violation of the sealing of the casing (the probability of a jet breaking through the mesh is several times higher than through fibrous or porous material).

Placing the inner layer on different sides of the ridge, with the formation of the channel, the cavity of which is in communication with the ridge cavity, allows you to leave a passage for the jets of the medium from the depressurized connection. Moreover, the implementation of this channel defined in the preferred embodiment of the proposed sizes, when its width correlates with the width of the ridge as (0.5-1.0) to 1, respectively, allows for even greater inhibition of the flow of the erupted medium, because an even greater difference in the sizes of the channel and ridge cavities appears, while an even larger volume of medium in the ridge cavity is delayed and the stagnant (braking) zone height increases, and, as is known, under this condition an even greater loss of velocity head will occur. In addition, it is possible that when the jet of the pumped medium enters the ridge cavity, the flow of this medium will expand, but it is well known that this effect should lead to a loss of its velocity.

The supply of the claimed casing, at least one inspection window, for example, from a transparent material, will allow you to quickly monitor the condition of the connection or fittings, which will also improve the reliability of operation of the casing.

The specified inspection window can be made removable or opening, which will additionally allow you to quickly conduct a technical audit of the connection or fittings, which will also increase the ease of operation of the casing, because I don’t need to eat it completely. If inspection windows open, they may not be transparent, but they may also be transparent.

The proposed protective casing can be made in such a way that the outer layer is made in the form of a sheet strip with a longitudinal zig, rolled up in a ring, with the formation of the said zig ring annular protrusion on the outer or inner surface of the outer layer. In this case, the protective casing is made in the form of one part.

In an advantageous embodiment, the lateral ends of the strip of the proposed protective casing can be provided with petal elements connected to each other in pairs, or three, or four. This embodiment provides material savings and is also aimed at reducing the speed of the jet escaping from the connection, because the petal elements are, to some extent, spring elements that will have a certain degree of freedom when exposed to the jet, which, along with protection against the penetration of the stream, will also ensure a decrease in its speed.

Also, the protective casing can be made of two parts connected to each other. Moreover, the shape of the casing parts can be made, but not limited to, for example, in the form of half-cylinders or in the form of a half-cylinder and a parallelepiped, or a parallelepiped and a parallelepiped, or in the form of two parallelepipeds-trapezoid, or other combination thereof. In this case, it will be ensured the convenience of placing a protective casing at the connection of various structural and spatial forms.

The casing is mounted on the joints using locks, or clamps, or clips, or tapes on the lock, the design of which is widely known to specialists. Thanks to these locks, clamps, the casing is fixed to the connection securely with the subsequent possibility of its quick removal. Known locking mechanisms are indicated, for example, on the following Internet sites: (Locks-ties of various configurations: http: //xn--74-6kcaj0b8ahscrejej.xn--plai/catalog/zashelki_styaiki.html; Steel cable ties https: // ru. aliexpress.com/item/100pcs-4-6mmЧ300mm-Self-Locking-Stainless-Steel-Zip-Cable-Tie-Lock-Tie-Wrap-High-Quality/32607220336.html?spm=2114.41010308.4.2.sD0rtz; Clamps according to GOST 28191-89; using various bolted or stud connections).

The casing may be provided with at least one drain and / or purge pipe. The presence of a drain pipe is necessary if, according to technological requirements, spillage of the pumped medium is not allowed, and convenient drainage is required. And the presence of a purge pipe is necessary if purging of its internal cavity from harmful substances is required before dismantling the casing.

If the protective casing will be used for installation on connections in hazardous areas where there is a leakage sensor, the casing can be equipped with an earth element made, for example, in the form of a bolt or stud.

The proposed protective casing is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a General view of the proposed protective casing assembly, in the form of a single part with side flap elements; and section BB; FIG. 2 is a general view of the proposed protective casing assembly of two parts; section bb; in FIG. 3-3a) - section of the protective casing; 3b) - an enlarged part of the ridge with various forms of its implementation; in FIG. 4 is a section of the proposed protective casing to protect the junction of the pipeline with the inspection window; in FIG. 5 is a section of the proposed protective casing with an inspection window for protecting valves.

The proposed protective casing consists of an outer 1 and an inner 2 layers, mainly connected to each other. The inner layer can be made of fibrous or porous material, and the outer one is made of metal or a polymeric material. The inner layer 2 is adjacent to the protected connection and lines the outer layer 1 from the inside. On the outer layer 1, a longitudinal outer ridge 3 is made (Figs. 1-3). Zig 3 can be made in the form of a semicircle, or semi-circle, or triangle, or rectangle, or trapezoidal (Fig. 3 (b)). Moreover, in the preferred embodiment, the width of the ridge 3 is 0.8-1.2 cm, and the height is 0.4-0.6 cm. In this case, the inner layer 2 is placed on opposite sides of the ridge 3, with the formation of the channel 4, the cavity of which communicates with cavity 5 of zig 3 (Fig. 1-2) (Recommended width of channel 4, the cavity of which communicates with cavity 5 of zig 3, corresponds to the width of zig 3 as (0.5-1.0) to 1, respectively).

The proposed protective casing may be additionally equipped with at least one inspection window 6 of transparent material resistant to shock loads, for visual observation of the condition of the connection 7 (Fig. 4) or reinforcement (Fig. 5), or for conducting a technological audit compounds. The specified window 6 is rigidly connected to the outer layer of the casing and can be made blind or opening. A mandatory requirement is the strength of the material from which the window is made, in order to exclude its damage during depressurization of the connection. The execution form of this window may be different, for example, in the form of a circle, or an oval, or a polyhedron, but not limited to this, depending on the tasks assigned to this window and depending on the size of the joint or reinforcement to be protected.

The outer layer of the casing can be made in the form of a sheet strip 8 with a longitudinal zig 3 rolled up in a ring to form the said zig ring annular protrusion on the outer surface of the outer layer (Fig. 1).

Moreover, the lateral ends of the specified strip can be equipped with petal elements 9, connected to each other in pairs. This connection can be point, or mechanical, or welding.

The casing is mounted on connections 7 by fixing elements 10, for example, bolts, locks, clamps, latches, tapes on the lock and others, the design of which is widely known to specialists. Thanks to these locks, clamps, the casing will be fixed to connection 7 securely, with the subsequent possibility of its quick disassembly and dismantling.

The protective casing may be provided with a drain pipe and / or purge pipe (s) (not shown). This is required if spillage of the pumped medium is not allowed in the technological cycle and ease of draining is required, as well as if purging of the internal cavity from harmful substances is required before dismantling the casing.

In addition, the casing may be provided with a grounding element (not shown in the drawing) in the form of a stud or bolt. It is necessary if the casing is intended for installation on connections in hazardous areas where there is a leakage sensor for the pumped medium.

During operation, the protective casing in the form of one (Fig. 1) or two parts (Fig. 2) is installed over the connection 7. By means of the fixing elements 10, the casing is attached to the desired connection, the protection of which is assumed. In the event of an emergency and depressurization of connection 7, the jet of pumped medium from the damaged connection 7 under pressure passes into channel 4, enters cavity 5 of zig 3, where it reduces its impact speed and passes back in the direction of connection 7. In parallel, the impact velocity of the medium decreases after due to collision with the inner layer 2 of the casing made of fibrous or porous material. Thanks to these two processes, the possibility of damage to the casing from shock loads in an emergency will be excluded.

Thus, the inventive protective casing can be used to protect compounds operating in a pumping liquid or gas environment under various pressures, including high, reaching a value of more than 10 MPa.

Claims (17)

1. A protective casing for the joints of the pipeline and its connections with the pipe fittings, consisting of the outer and inner layers, characterized in that the outer layer is made with a longitudinal outer zig, while the inner layer is made of fibrous or porous material and placed on opposite sides of the zig , with the formation of the channel, the cavity of which communicates with the ridge cavity. 2. The protective casing according to claim 1, characterized in that the zig is made in the form of a semicircle, or semi-circle, or triangle, or rectangle, or trapezoidal. 3. The protective casing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the width of the ridge is 0.8-1.2 cm and a height of 0.4-0.6 cm, respectively. 4. The protective casing according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the channel, the cavity of which is in communication with the ridge cavity, is related to the ridge width as (0.5-1.0) to 1, respectively. 5. The protective casing according to claim 1, characterized in that as the fibrous inner layer it contains mineral wool or fiber-porous polytetrafluoroethylene of the Gritex brand. 6. The protective casing according to claim 1, characterized in that, as a porous inner layer, it contains foamed, flexible, resistant to aggressive media material. 7. The protective casing according to claim 6, characterized in that the porous inner layer is made of material "Penotherm", or "Isotherm", or polyurethane foam. 8. The protective casing according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer layer is made of metal or a polymer material. 9. The protective casing according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer layer is made in the form of a sheet strip with a longitudinal zig, rolled up in a ring, with the formation of the said zig ring annular protrusion on the outer surface of the outer layer. 10. The protective casing according to claim 9, characterized in that the side ends of the strip are provided with petal elements connected in pairs to each other. 11. The protective casing according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of one part or in the form of two half-shells connected to each other. 12. The protective casing according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with at least one inspection window of transparent material for visual observation of the condition of the joints of the pipeline joints or its connection with the valve. 13. The protective casing according to claim 12, characterized in that the inspection windows are removable or openable so that they can be monitored and / or serviced. 14. The protective casing according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the inspection windows are shaped in the form of a circle, or an oval, or a polyhedron of regular or irregular shape. 15. The protective casing according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one drain and / or purge pipe. 16. The protective casing according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an earth element. 17. A protective casing according to claim 16, characterized in that the grounding element is made in the form of a bolt or stud.

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