RU2655351C2 - Mixer for dry loose and wet loose forages - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to equipment for mixing dry loose and wet loose forages, can be used in agricultural production on livestock complexes and farms in lines for the preparation of dry and wet forages. Mixer for dry loose and wet loose forages consists of a hopper installed on the frame, a loading window and a discharge nozzle, an unloading screw, a shutter, an operating element, an electric motor, a reducer and a control panel. Working element of the mixer of dry loose and wet loose forages consists of a shaft, inner and outer belt screws, scrapers made in the form of blades and fastened to the shaft by means of rods. Scrapers, made in the form of blades, have a rational length l=(0.06…0.08)L and are located along the spiral turn with a step equal to half the length L of the internal space of the hopper. External diameter of the blades is equal to the internal diameter D of the hopper. Outer belt screw with a height of turns h is made with a diameter of 3/4D and a pitch of 0.21L, and an inner screw with a height of turns of 3/2h is made with a diameter of 2/5D and a pitch of 0.27L. Outer and inner screws are made in the form of oblique helikoid with an angle ϕ forming cone 50°.

EFFECT: reduction of mixing time of components and reduction of specific energy consumption in the preparation of feeds for agricultural animals due to the application of rational values of the structural and technological parameters of the mixer working member.

1 cl, 5 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to equipment for mixing dry bulk and wet bulk feed, can be used in agricultural production on livestock complexes and farms in the lines for the preparation of dry and wet feed.

Known mixer for mixing bulk materials, consisting of a hopper mounted on the frame, loading and unloading nozzles, shutter, combined auger, engine, gearbox, working body, which is a combined auger, consisting of a shaft on which are installed located in a helical line through 90 ° rods with elements of a tape spiral and tape augers: external with a diameter D and pitch L; medium with a diameter of 3 / 4D and pitch 3 / 4L; internal with a diameter of 2 / 5D and pitch 2.5L [Patent No. 2488434 of the Russian Federation, IPC B01F 7/08. Mixer / P.A. Savinykh, N.V. Turubanov, V. Romanyuk, A.S. Kiselev, N.A. Chernyatiev. - No. 20121049220/05; declared 02/13/2012; publ. 07/27/2013, Bull. No. 21].

The disadvantage of this mixer is the impossibility of mixing the wet components of the materials loaded into the hopper and, as a result, sticking of the mixed materials onto the walls of the hopper and, accordingly, the formation of stagnant zones, causing deterioration of the material mixing process and incomplete unloading of the finished feed.

The use in this device of a working body equipped with rods with elements of a tape spiral and three tape augers without taking into account the installation angles of their turns, significantly increases the energy consumption of the process of mixing the components loaded into the hopper materials.

In addition, the functionality of the use of this mixer is limited due to its use for the preparation of feed only in the stationary version.

The closest in technical solution and the achieved result to the present invention relates to a mixer-fermenter, consisting of a hopper mounted on the frame, a loading window and an unloading pipe, a shutter, an engine, a gearbox, a working body, which is a combined auger consisting of a shaft on which rods and tape external and internal screws are installed. The rods have scrapers made in the form of a spiral coil with a step equal to half the length L of the inner space of the hopper and a diameter equal to the inner diameter D of the hopper, and the outer belt auger with a height of turns h is made of 3 / 4D diameter and 1 / 6L pitch, inner with the height of the turns 3 / 2h - with a diameter of 2 / 5D and a pitch of 1 / 4L, and the turns of the screws are made at an angle smaller than the angle ϕ of the natural slope of the mixed material, while the hopper equipped with an unloading screw is equipped with a heating element having sensors and temperature sensors that record temperature uh the elements of which are mounted on the control panel [Patent No. 2567315 of the Russian Federation, IPC B01F 7/08. Mixer-fermenter / P.A. Savinykh, V.E. Sites, N.V. Obolensky, A.I. Svistunov. - No. 2013159353/05; declared 12/26/2013; publ. 11/10/2015, Bull. No. 31] is a prototype.

The disadvantage of this device is the increased energy consumption due to the use of scrapers made in the form of a spiral coil with a step equal to half the length L of the inner space of the hopper.

Further, the implementation of the working body of the external tape screw with a step of 1 / 6L, internal with a step of 1 / 4L does not provide the movement of the same volume of material by each element in its direction for one revolution of the shaft with the lowest energy consumption.

In addition, in the mixer-fermenter, the working body, which is a combined screw, consisting of a shaft on which rods and tape external and internal screws are installed with incorporated structural parameters, does not provide high-quality material movement, which leads to an increase in the mixing time of the components of the prepared feed of a homogeneous consistency.

, которые расположены по траектории витка спирали с шагом, равным половине длины L внутреннего пространства бункера, а внешний ленточный шнек имеет шаг 0,21L, внутренний - шаг 0,27L, причем внешний и внутренний шнеки выполнены в виде косого геликоида с углом ϕ образующей конуса 50°.The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the mixer of dry bulk and wet loose feed, consisting of a hopper mounted on the frame, a loading window and an unloading pipe, a shutter, an engine, a gearbox, a working body, which is a combined auger consisting of a shaft, which has rods with scrapers made in the form of a spiral coil with a step equal to half the length L of the inner space of the hopper, and a diameter equal to the inner diameter D of the hopper, an external belt auger with a height of itch h and diameter 3 / 4D and internal with a height of turns 3 / 2h, diameter 2 / 5D, scrapers are made in the form of blades of rational length

which are located along the path of the spiral with a step equal to half the length L of the inner space of the hopper, and the outer tape auger has a pitch of 0.21L, the inner one has a pitch of 0.27L, and the outer and inner screws are made in the form of an oblique helicoid with an angle ϕ of the cone generatrix 50 °.

As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

, которые расположены по траектории витка спирали с шагом, равным половине длины L внутреннего пространства бункера, а внешнего ленточного шнека с шагом 0,21L, внутреннего с шагом 0,27L, обеспечивается перемещение одинакового объема материала каждым элементом в своем направлении за один оборот вала с наименьшими энергозатратами согласно экспериментальных исследований рабочего процесса смесителя. Скребки, выполненные в виде лопаток, осуществляют перемещение материала от центра бункера к его боковым стенкам, внешний шнек - от боковых стенок к центру бункера, а внутренний шнек - от центра к боковым стенкам бункера. В результате этого исключается образование застойных зон, происходит интенсивное перемешивание компонентов загружаемого в бункер материала, обусловливающее снижение коэффициента неоднородности приготовленного корма и, соответственно, повышение качества смешивания загружаемых компонентов в бункер смесителя.When performing scrapers in the form of blades of rational length

which are located along the path of the spiral with a step equal to half the length L of the inner space of the hopper, and the outer tape auger with a step of 0.21L, internal with a step of 0.27L, the same amount of material is moved by each element in its direction in one revolution of the shaft with the lowest energy consumption according to experimental studies of the mixer working process. Scrapers made in the form of blades move the material from the center of the hopper to its side walls, the external screw from the side walls to the center of the hopper, and the internal screw from the center to the side walls of the hopper. As a result of this, the formation of stagnant zones is excluded, intensive mixing of the components of the material loaded into the hopper occurs, which leads to a decrease in the heterogeneity coefficient of the prepared feed and, accordingly, an increase in the quality of mixing of the loaded components into the mixer hopper.

The implementation of the external and internal screws in the form of an oblique helicoid with an angle ϕ of the generatrix of the cone of 50 ° provides, by reducing friction between the turns of the screws and the material, reducing specific energy consumption during the process, as well as reducing the time to obtain a homogeneous mixture of prepared feed, significantly improving its eatability by agricultural animals.

As a result, during the operation of the proposed device, a positive effect is achieved that exceeds the effect of the prototype. A new set of features of the claimed device, providing a positive effect, has significant differences.

In FIG. 1 shows a general structural diagram of a mixer for dry bulk and wet bulk feeds; FIG. 2 is a general structural diagram of a working body, which is a combined auger, in FIG. 3 is a general view of a mixer for dry bulk and wet bulk feeds; FIG. 4 - the dependence of the variation of the coefficient of heterogeneity when mixing bulk materials with a mixer equipped with a working body with scrapers and scrapers made in the form of blades, in FIG. 5 - dependence of the influence of the length of the scrapers, made in the form of blades of the working body of the mixer, on the specific energy consumption when mixing components for preparing wet feed.

и расположены по траектории витка спирали с шагом, равным половине длины L внутреннего пространства бункера 1. Внешний диаметр скребков 14 равен внутреннему диаметру D бункера 1. Внешний ленточный шнек 13 с высотой витков h выполнен диаметром 3/4D и шагом 0,21L, а внутренний шнек 12 с высотой витков 3/2h выполнен диаметром 2/5D и шагом 0,27L. Внешний и внутренний шнеки выполнены в виде косого геликоида с углом ϕ образующей конуса 50°.The mixer for dry bulk and wet bulk feed consists of a hopper 1 mounted on the frame 2, a loading window 3 and an unloading pipe 4, an unloading screw 5, a shutter 6, a working body 7, an electric motor 8, a gearbox 9, a control panel 10. A working body 7, which is a combined auger, consists of a shaft 11, an internal 12 and an external 13 belt augers, scrapers 14, which are attached to the shaft 11 using rods 15. The scrapers 14 are made in the form of blades, have a rational length

and are located along the path of the spiral coil with a step equal to half the length L of the inner space of the hopper 1. The outer diameter of the scrapers 14 is equal to the inner diameter D of the hopper 1. The outer tape auger 13 with a height of turns h is made with a diameter of 3 / 4D and a pitch of 0.21L, and the inner the screw 12 with a height of turns 3 / 2h is made with a diameter of 2 / 5D and a pitch of 0.27L. The external and internal screws are made in the form of an oblique helicoid with an angle ϕ of the generatrix of the cone 50 °.

Mixer dry bulk and wet bulk feed works as follows.

Turn on the motor 8 through the control panel 10 to drive the working body 7 in rotational motion. Then, through the loading window 3, the mixed components are poured into the hopper 1 until the filling level is 0.4 ... 0.6 of the volume of the hopper 1 of the mixer. To prepare wet feed, water is also supplied to the hopper 1 together with the components to be mixed. In the preparation of dry bulk feed, the mixing of the components added to the hopper 1 is continued for 70 seconds. When preparing wet bulk feeds, the components are mixed with water for 110 seconds. When the working body 7, which is a combined auger, rotates, the scrapers 14 made in the form of blades move the material from the center of the hopper 1 to its side walls, the external screw 13 - from the side walls to the center of the hopper, and the internal screw 12 - from the center to side walls of the hopper. As a result of this, the formation of stagnant zones is excluded, intensive mixing of the components of the material loaded into the hopper 1 occurs, which leads to a decrease in the heterogeneity coefficient of the prepared feed and an increase in the quality of mixing of the loaded components into the mixer hopper 1. Scrapers 14, made in the form of blades, in addition to moving the material from the center to the side walls of the hopper 1 clean the cylindrical surface of the hopper 1 from the adhered feed. The finished product from the hopper 1 is discharged through the discharge pipe 4 using the discharge screw 5, after opening the shutter 6. The mixer can be performed on a mobile platform. In this case, it can be used as a distributor with feed unloading using the unloading auger 5 into the animal feeders.

Tests of the developed mixer of dry loose and wet loose feed and the prototype under consideration showed (table 1) that when mixing the loose feed of the present invention, the mixing time t, at which the coefficient of heterogeneity of the mixture does not exceed 5%, is reduced by 1.4 times (30% ), and specific energy consumption is reduced by 1.6 times (by 25%).

.The dependence of the variation of the coefficient of heterogeneity when mixing bulk materials with a mixer equipped with a working body with blades or scrapers (Fig. 4) shows that the quality of the mixture when using a working body with blades increases - the heterogeneity coefficient of the present invention is reduced by 10 ... 17%. In this case, the smallest specific energy consumption when mixing components for the preparation of wet feed (Fig. 5) is achieved with the length of the blades

.

The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is the reduction of the mixing time of the components and the reduction of specific energy consumption in the preparation of feed for farm animals through the use of rational values of the structural and technological parameters of the working body of the mixer.

Claims (1)

The mixer of dry loose and wet loose feed, consisting of a hopper mounted on the frame, a loading window and an unloading pipe, a damper, an engine, a gearbox, a working body, which is a combined auger, consisting of a shaft on which rods with scrapers are made, made in the form spiral coil with a step equal to half the length L of the inner space of the hopper, and a diameter equal to the inner diameter D of the hopper, an external tape auger with a height of turns h and a diameter of 3 / 4D and an inner one with a height of turns of 3 / 2h and a diameter trom 2 / 5D, characterized in that the scrapers are made in the form of blades of rational length

which are located along the path of the spiral with a step equal to half the length L of the inner space of the hopper, and the outer tape auger has a pitch of 0.21L, the inner one has a pitch of 0.27L, and the outer and inner screws are made in the form of an oblique helicoid with an angle ϕ of the cone generatrix 50 °.

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