RU2651665C2 - Method of increasing capacity of ice cap - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method consists in that the carrying capacity of the ice cover of the ferry is increased by means of steel pipes that are lowered vertically to the bottom of the basin through through holes formed in the ice cover along both edges of the ferry along its entire length, the bottom end of the pipe being made welded and its upper end protruding above the ice surface. Pipes are made in the form of telescopic supports, while in the upper part of the fixed element, a conical attachment is mounted on the top surface of which an anti-icing coating is applied.

EFFECT: invention relates to ice-making and can be used to create an ice crossing for the transport of goods.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of ice engineering and can be used to create an ice ferry for transporting goods.

A technical solution is known (1. Kozin VM, RF Patent No. 2135685 dated 08/27/1999), in which the method of creating an ice crossing consists in placing steel pipes under ice, dropped vertically to the bottom of the pool through the through holes formed in the ice cover on both the edges of the crossing along its entire length, with the bottom end of the pipes made brewed, and its upper end protruding above the ice surface. Cold air, as heavier, enters the pipes, causing ice to freeze over their entire outer surface. After a sufficient time has elapsed for reliable freezing of the lower and upper parts of the pipes to the bottom of the pool and the ice cover, respectively, and the ice layer of the required thickness freezes on the pipe surfaces, the ice crossing is ready for operation.

The disadvantage of this method is the danger of its use with significant fluctuations in the water level in the reservoir, which inevitably occur throughout the winter period. So, when the level rises, detachment of the bottom ends of the pipes can occur, and when they fall, the ice cover itself can be destroyed in places where it freezes to the upper ends of the pipes.

The objective of the claimed invention is the creation of an ice ferry, the bearing capacity of which would not depend on fluctuations in the water level in the reservoir.

The technical result achieved by solving the problem is to increase the degree of reliability of the operation of the ice crossing.

The essential features characterizing the invention

Restrictive: the load-bearing capacity of the ice cover is increased by means of steel pipes, lowered vertically to the bottom of the pool through the through holes formed in the ice cover on both edges of the crossing along its entire length, the bottom end of the pipe being welded and its upper end protruding above the ice surface.

Distinctive: the pipes are made in the form of telescopic supports, while in the upper part of the fixed element, conical fitting is installed, on the upper surface of which an anti-icing coating is applied.

The method is as follows.

Rows of through holes are drilled in the ice sheet on both sides of the intended cargo transportation path. Through them, pipes in the form of telescopic supports are vertically lowered through the ice with one movable and one fixed elements equipped with o-rings to ensure the tightness of their connection, with the welded bottom ends of the pipes and abut them in the bottom of the pool. The length of the supports should be sufficient so that their upper end rises above the surface of the ice sheet. To prevent possible ascent of pipes, they are temporarily fixed. Then, the ice crossing thus prepared is subjected to negative temperatures. Cold, heavy air (t <0 ° C) enters the pipes, causing ice to freeze over their entire outer surface, i.e. the formation of peculiar ice piles (ice supports) under the ice cover, which will certainly increase the strength of the ice crossing. After a sufficient time has passed for the ice layer of the required thickness to freeze on the pipe surfaces, the ice ferry is ready for operation, but only for a given water level in the reservoir. Since this level will undoubtedly fluctuate during the entire period of freezing, then to eliminate its undesirable consequences in the form of ice cover destruction near the supports on the upper part of the telescopic support moving element, resting on the pool bottom and having a larger diameter than the moving element establish a conical cladding, on the upper surface of which an anti-icing coating is applied, which reduces the adhesion (freezing) of the surface on ice. The taper angle α of the insertion should provide such a vertical load on the movable element of the telescopic support, in which at first the layer of ice frozen on the support would collapse, and not the ice cover frozen to it (these loads can be determined experimentally).

Thus, if during the operation of the crossing the water level in the reservoir increases, then due to the weak adhesion forces of the ice layer frozen on the support with the upper surface of the conical setting, the ice cover will float, forming a gap between the layers of ice frozen on the supports. After a sufficient time has elapsed to freeze water in this area, the crossing will be ready for subsequent operation with an increased water level.

When the water level drops, the cone cladding will begin to destroy the ice layer frozen on the movable support element due to the inevitably occurring tangential stresses (or “cleavage”). Their value, obviously, depends on the taper angle α and the quality of the anti-icing coating, i.e. its adhesive properties. The above parameters should provide the beginning of the destruction of the frozen layer of ice during the introduction of cone cladding at the maximum drop in water level and at the same time guaranteed the integrity (indestructibility) of the ice cover in the places where the supports are installed. In the spring, when the operation of the crossing becomes dangerous, the pipes are removed.

The invention is illustrated graphically, where: in FIG. 1 shows a general view of a crossing; in FIG. 2 is a section along AA in FIG. 1 (Fig. 2 "a" - at the initial water level, Fig. 2 "b" - when the level rises, Fig. 2 "c" - when the level decreases).

In the ice sheet 1, on both sides of the intended route of cargo transportation 2, rows of through holes 3 are drilled. Through them, pipes 4 with welded lower ends are vertically lowered under the ice and abutted to the bottom of the pool 5 (Fig. 1), and the pipes are made in the form of telescopic supports with movable element 6 and fixed 7. (Fig. 2). On the upper part of the stationary element 7, a conical cover 8 (Fig. 1, 2) with an anti-icing coating 9 (Fig. 2) is installed, the installation angle α of which determines the destructive thickness of the frozen ice h (Fig. 1).

When the water level rises, the ice cover floats up, forming due to the weak adhesive properties of the ice with the coating of the cladding supports of the region of ice-free water 10 (Fig. 2 "b"), which then freeze due to natural cold. As a result, the integrity of the ice crossing is maintained, and after a sufficient time for complete freezing of water in region 10, it is ready for further operation (Fig. 2 "b").

As the water decreases, the cone cladding 8 will begin to destroy the ice layer 11 frozen on the movable support element 6 (Fig. 2), while fragments of the destroyed frozen ice due to their buoyancy forces (Archimedes law) will concentrate in region 12 (Fig. 2 “c”) and after freezing with the surfaces in contact with them (ice sheet 1 and frozen ice layer 11), the bearing capacity of the ice sheet at the place where the ice crossing was created will additionally increase. After the cessation of significant fluctuations in the water level in the pond, the ice layer 11 will again freeze, depending on the angle α, firmly enough to the surface 9 (Fig. 2 "c"), providing further safe operation of the ice crossing. In the cases considered, the proposed solution will lead to an increase in the bearing capacity of the ice sheet, i.e. to achieve the claimed technical result.

Claims (1)

The method of increasing the bearing capacity of the ice cover used as an ice crossing by means of steel pipes dropped vertically to the bottom of the pool through the through holes formed in the ice cover along both edges of the crossing along its entire length, the bottom end of the pipes being welded and the upper end protruding above the ice surface, characterized in that the pipes are made in the form of telescopic supports, while in the upper part of the fixed element, conical fitting is installed on the upper surface l which is applied anti-icing coating.

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