RU2651490C1 - Complex packaging for chicken egg and method of the stack forming on its basis - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: storage.

SUBSTANCE: complex packaging for chicken eggs contains a tray-type box, in the cavity of which eggs are packed on the bottom with eggs nests. Each package for eggs is made in the form of a tray with egg seats closed by a lid with the formation of a gap between the eggs and the upper horizontal wall of the lid. Tray type box with a rectangular bottom in the plan is made with an open top and is a collapsible tray with attached side walls flatly folded on the bottom surface of the tray. In the cavity of said tray-type box, in the opened position, the egg packages are horizontally arranged in rows of rectangular shapes in plan, each forming a block of parallelepipedal shape to fill the interior volume of said tray-type box. Total height of all rows of packages for eggs is greater than the height of the lateral walls of the tray-type box.

EFFECT: group of inventions is applicable for use on automatic packaging lines.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to containers made of paper material, for example corrugated cardboard, intended for placement, storage and transportation of any kind of piece goods for various purposes. In particular, the invention contemplates the design of stacking boxes associated with egg packages based on the use of a pallet on which a stack of boxes is placed.

A container for eggs is a cardboard packaging product designed to ensure the safety of eggs in individual plastic or paper consumer packaging from mechanical stress during transportation and storage. The container for eggs is made of corrugated cardboard. Typically, the brand of corrugated cardboard for the manufacture of such products as corrugated packaging for eggs is selected based on the height of the stack and the distance that fragile food products must cover.

So, there is a known container for storing eggs, containing a four-valve box, in the cavity of which the packages for eggs are laid on the bottom, each made in the form of a tuberous substrate with nests for 30 pieces of eggs, while the egg-filled substrates are laid on top of each other with trampling of the protrusions of the substrates to a friend. From such filled with eggs and closed four-valve boxes, then on a pallet a stack is formed for storing and transporting eggs in the back of a vehicle (see "Lumpy laying 310 × 310 mm from chipboard for 30 eggs, buy wholesale egg packaging" posted on the website "JOFO" on the Internet at: http://upakovka.jofo.me/blog/2016/3/21, date of calculation 03/21/2016) (a copy of the page is attached). This decision was made as a prototype for the declared objects.

It is known that the spatial shape of a four-valve box (both empty and filled with product) is preserved only if three walls converge at right angles in the corner zones. The flatness of the walls also affects the shape preservation, but the wall, in essence, made of corrugated cardboard, is a membrane that elastically deforms within the elasticity of the layered material and breaks when the load is exceeded above the elastic force. And the flatness of the wall determines its position in the corner zone. Therefore, if the load on one wall exceeds the permissible, for example, from the movement of the packaged cargo, then it acquires a convex shape, and its fragment in the corner zone leaves the right angle. This leads to the fact that in the stack, under the influence of the weight of the boxes, the corner zone in a particular box (this is especially clearly seen for the boxes of the lower rows) crumple and transfer the load to the packaged product. In a stack made up of closed four-valve boxes made of corrugated cardboard, only these boxes carry the weight load by maintaining their spatial shape. The product in these boxes performs the function of loading weight and does not participate in the safety of himself and the boxes. In this regard, the loss of the bearing capacity of one box can lead to deformation of the stack and damage to the product.

The present invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in improving performance by increasing the spatial stiffness of a packed stack of boxes of egg packaging.

The specified technical result for the first object is achieved by the fact that in a container for storing chicken eggs containing a tray-type box, in the cavity of which the egg packs are laid on the bottom, each made with egg nests, each egg package is made in the form of a tray with nests for eggs, closed by a lid with the formation of a gap between the eggs and the upper horizontal wall of the lid, the box type tray with a rectangular bottom in the plan is made with an open top and is a folding tray with fastened between them side walls, flatly folded on the surface of the bottom of the tray, in the cavity of the specified box of the tray type in its open position, the egg packs are laid horizontally in rows of rectangular shape in plan each with the formation of a parallelepiped shape to fill the internal volume of the specified box of the tray type, with the total height all rows of egg packages are greater than the height of the side walls of the tray type box.

The specified technical result for the second object is achieved by the fact that in the method of forming a stack on its basis of an integrated package for chicken eggs, which consists in placing boxes on the pallet, in the cavities of each of which egg packaging is laid on the bottom, as egg packaging use trays with nests for eggs, closed by a lid each with the formation of a gap between the eggs and the upper horizontal wall of the lid; as a box, use a box of a tray type with a rectangular bottom in the open plan rhom, which is a folding tray with side walls fastened together, flatly folded on the surface of the bottom of the tray, in the cavity of which, in its open position, the egg packs are laid horizontally in rows of rectangular shape in plan, each with the formation of a parallelepiped shape in which the total height of all rows egg packs are greater than the height of the side walls of the tray-type box, then on the pallet of the tray-type box of the first row they are laid on a sheet plate in rows with the adjoining side walls cm each month, the tray-type boxes of the second and third rows are laid on sheet plates which are laid out on the lids of egg cartons of the first row and on the lids of egg packs of the second row, respectively, for transferring the weight of the upper rows to the lids of egg packs and the walls of the boxes are tray-type of the lower rows, and for the upper rows of boxes of the tray-type boxes, the leaf plates are placed every two rows.

These features are significant and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

The present invention is illustrated by a specific example of execution, which, however, is not the only possible, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the desired technical result.

In FIG. 1 - packaging for eggs from paper pulp;

FIG. 2 - the appearance of the box type tray in a half-open state;

FIG. 3 - laying boxes with packages for eggs on a pallet;

FIG. 4 - laying the first row of boxes with packages for eggs on a pallet;

FIG. 5 - placement of the cushioning sheet on the first block of three rows of boxes;

FIG. 6 - laying boxes of the second block of rows of boxes on the cushioning sheet;

FIG. 7 - the final packaging assembly of a stack of three three-row blocks of boxes.

According to the present invention, a new construct for constructing a stack of boxes with egg packaging is considered, which allows storing and transporting eggs in stacks of increased dimensions without destroying the egg packaging and fighting the product over long distances.

To build a stack as a power load unit, packing 1 is used for eggs of a standard design, which in the general case is a tray with nests for eggs and a lid covering the eggs. Here, such packages for eggs can be considered known packages for 6, or 10 eggs, or for 20, or 30 eggs (lumpy lining with a lid), etc.

If as an example we consider the use of conventional packaging (Fig. 1) for 10 eggs, which is widely used in trade (according to the Hartmann catalog - models E3810, E3310), then it is, in general, made in the form of a tray 2 with nests for 10 pieces eggs, which are laid in two rows of nests, separated by protrusions 3 between the nests along the line of symmetry between the rows of these nests. A cover 4 is connected with the tray along the inflection line, which can directly support the protrusions of the tray (if the cover in the central part is made flat without protrusions on the inner surface, as shown in the example of Fig. 1) or to support their protrusions on the counter protrusions of the tray. Moreover, the lid also has the ability to support flanging of the tray along its perimeter in the plane of laying the lid on the tray. A feature of the egg packaging used according to the invention is that it is formed or molded from paper or paper pulp (waste paper) by analogy with the technologies for manufacturing tuberous linings. Typically, such packages are made with side openings or openings in the lid, which are ventilation windows for air exchange of the atmosphere inside the package with the external environment.

A tray with a lid made of paper pulp (sometimes called pulper cardboard) has a sufficiently high bearing capacity, high resistance to deformation, including bending, due to the sufficient wall thickness with small overall dimensions and the lid being supported around the perimeter of the tray and resting on the tabs of the tray. Thus, in a small space of the tray, elements are organized (protrusions between the sockets and flanging along the contour of the tray), which resist external loads. In this regard, a single such packaging has a high load-bearing capacity and retains its shape perfectly. In this regard, it becomes possible to form sufficiently high stacks (up to 7 rows) according to the principle that will be described later.

The same packaging can be made of expanded polystyrene (VSP) or PVC, but their bearing capacity is slightly lower than that of a packaging made of boommass, since with such a thinness of the walls for PVC, the surface bending increases, which does not form sufficient resistance to external loads. Insufficient wall strength and increased fragility are inherent in VSP packages. In this regard, when using PVC or VSP packaging, no more than 4-5 rows can be stacked.

In addition, as egg packs (for 20 or 30 pcs.), Tuberous gaskets with nests for laying eggs, which are closed by lids, can be used. Such examples are described in RF patents 71640, 110073, 90422, 123400, 71640, 90054, 86175, etc. All these well-known packages are distinguished by the design of the lid. But regardless of the design of the lid, such a package has high mechanical strength, which allows it to be used in a stack.

Other examples of egg packaging are possible, but for the essence of the claimed invention, a prerequisite is that there is an egg tray and it is closed by a lid, as well as that a gap between the eggs and the top horizontal wall of the lid to compensate for the deformation of the lid or the entire package when loaded with its weight.

Further, the claimed invention is examined by the example of using the known packaging for 10 eggs in figure 1.

If in a row to arrange several adjacent to each other or located at a distance from each other by a package such as a tray with an egg cover of the described design, then this assembly is a platform that can withstand a sufficiently large weight, provided that this load on the packaging lids will be uniform distributed across all packages. In principle, and as tests have shown, such a platform construct has a structure similar to a honeycomb construction (Section "Cell construction" Aviation: Encyclopedia. - M.: Big Russian Encyclopedia, Editor-in-Chief GP Svishchev, 1994).

Given this feature of ensuring high load capacity without deforming the structure of each individual cell, the possibility of a new stack construction arose in which the load will be perceived by such platforms, and the boxes will act as limiters to keep each platform assembled in a non-falling apart and not crumbling form and perceive part stack loads.

To ensure the integrity of the in-line assembly of egg packages, a folding box 5 (Fig. 2) of the tray type is used, made with an open top and representing a folding tray with side walls fastened together, flatly folded on the surface of the bottom of the tray. Such tray-type boxes are well known (see RU 18696, 31772, 159340, folding boxes 0450 and 0451 from the FEFCO corrugated boxes catalog). Their peculiarity is that on two opposite side walls there are fold lines that allow all side walls to be laid on the bottom of the box. Thus, in the assembled state, the box is a tablet. At the same time, the box-type box itself is a rigid structure due to the fact that it is assembled using 4 points of gluing with hot-melt adhesive on the equipment (in comparison with the trays on the locks).

It is convenient for storing boxes and for their use on automated packaging lines. If two walls are pushed apart, as shown in FIG. 2, we get a box tray without a cover. In principle, it would be possible to use an awkward tray-type box or just a tray, but if we are talking about mass production of eggs and speed packaging, it is difficult to imagine where such an amount of bulk container could be placed.

In the cavity of each indicated box of the tray type, in its open position, lay the egg packs in rows of seven packs in each row (see laying the box of the tray type in Fig. 3), and two of which are located along each other and across the other five packs for eggs in this row. In each such box you can pack from two or more rows of packages.

In essence, it turns out that egg packages intended for placement in a tray-type box must be configured to form a parallelepiped-shaped block that can be tightly or with some clearance (in relation to the box walls) placed in the cavity of the opened box to fill the inner volume of this box is a tray type. It is obligatory to lay horizontally in rows in an egg packaging block in order to obtain a row rectangular in shape. Thus, the maximum possible filling of the internal volume of the box tray type.

For the considered example, it is considered expedient and advantageous when three rows of packages in a total number of 21 packages for eggs are packed in one box. The height of all rows of egg packages is greater than the height of the side walls of the tray type box. Thus, the lids of the packaging for eggs of the upper row protrude above the walls of the box type tray. Tests have shown that when 21 packages for eggs of model E3810 or E3310 or similar from paper pulp are placed in the tray, we get some power structure or group inside the box of the tray type. And this property was decided to use. The choice of layout for laying packages for eggs in each row in the box is due to the fact that during laying a rectangle is formed without voids at the edges, which allows you to fill the entire box box.

Naturally, in this case, the optimization problem is being solved. This task consists in the fact that with known sizes of egg packs and possible miscalculation of the block dimensions, it is necessary to select such a folding box by their number of produced ones or to create a size range at the folding box so that the packing blocks enter the box volume with a high fill factor.

A folding tray type box is used as follows.

The operator-stacker, who puts the packages with the egg in the corrugated packaging, takes the box of the tray type in its folded state from the pack and opens it by pulling at the end walls. At the same time, the tray tries to fold back due to the residual rigidity and elasticity in the inflection lines, but by starting to lay the first layer of egg packages in a box according to the described scheme, these packages make the tray walls open up to an angle of 90 ° relative to the bottom of the box. When placing all 21 packs in a box, the latter takes on almost the right shape, like any well-known tray. The walls of the box type tray in this case are obviously lower than the height of the packages enclosed in it by the sum of the rows. This is a condition: the total height of all rows of egg packages is greater than the height of the side walls of the tray-type box.

When testing, it turned out like this:

For a 7-row stack of boommass packages:

- the height of the enclosures of packages in three rows of 7 packages in a row - 205 mm;

- internal height of the box type tray - 199 mm.

When using PVC or foam polystyrene packages with the same package sizes, the stack height on a pallet is only 4-5 rows, since their strength properties are much lower in contrast to boommass.

A feature of the claimed invention is that in fact the stack is made up of rows of egg packs that absorb a weight load along the height of the stack. Box-type boxes are used as part of the limiters to prevent the breakdown and destruction of the rows of packages. The boxes themselves, after laying egg packages in them, do not carry loads; each box-type box holds three rows of egg packages, keeping the row configuration. Since the boxes are folding and are initially folded in the bottom plane, when the box is opened, elastic forces act on its side walls, trying to return these walls to their original position. This feature allows you to keep the packaging for eggs inside such a box in the assembled pressed state, preventing the packages from dispersing. But when these filled boxes are installed in a stack, the picture of the load distribution changes.

When such groups are installed in the stack (tray-type box + 21 egg packaging) on the pallet 6, as the lower rows are loaded, the force groups of the egg packs in the boxes take up the main load of the upper rows of the stack on the pallet. But only until a certain point. In reality, when stored in a warehouse, the load lies almost entirely on the power structures of the lower rows of the stack.

In a stack of 7 rows on a pallet, 4 corrugated corrugated sheets are used (7 corrugated cardboard sheet plates):

The first spreading sheet is laid out directly on the surface of the pallet (Fig. 3), this prevents the corners and walls of the boxes of the 1st lower row from falling through between the boards of the pallet. After laying the 1st row on the protruding lids of the egg packs, they lay the second fermentation sheet to evenly distribute the load from the upper rows of the stack (Figs. 4 and 5). After laying the 2nd row, a spreading sheet is again placed on the lids of the egg packages of this row, which redistributes the load evenly from the upper rows of the stack. The last sheet is laid on the lids of packages for eggs of the 5th row (Fig. 6). After that, two more rows of boxes are placed on top of each other and in order to prevent the stack from falling apart, it is tied, for example, during the rotation of the pallets on an automatic wrapper with stretch film (or by other known methods, for example, tapes using corners) (Fig. 7) . Stacking of the stack is necessary only so that the row of boxes does not crumble when the stacker moves the stack (during lifting, the stack can be tilted on the forks).

During transportation, in dynamics and at point peak loads, the power cells of the lower row are even more precipitated under load, and then the actual corrugated cardboard walls with the correct direction of the corrugation come into play.

Thus, it became possible to create a stack in which the weight load is held by both the egg packs and the tray-type boxes in which these packs are stacked. The algorithm for creating the stack is based on the fact that at the initial moment when laying the boxes of the lower rows, the load from each next row through the sheet plate is evenly distributed on the covers of the packages of the lower row. As the load from laying the next rows of boxes increases, the lids in the lower rows are evenly squeezed (the gap between the egg and the lid is the same — all packages are the same in strength and shape preservation), which occurs before the sheet plate is placed on the walls of the boxes. When a sheet plate is placed on the walls of the boxes, the load from the weight of the upper rows is evenly distributed both on the egg packages and on the walls of the tray-type boxes in which these packages are placed. At this moment, the load is held both by the packages in the boxes of the lot type and by the walls of the boxes of the tray type. The bearing capacity of the lower rows of boxes with packages is greatly increased, which makes it possible to increase the row of boxes in the stack. Thus, in the stack, part of the lower rows can withstand the load due to the uniform distribution of weight through the sheet plates on the egg packaging (which are deformed in height within the permissible elasticity of the material from which they are made) and on the walls of the box-type boxes. And then, as the height of the stack increases, the load is distributed through the sheet plates on the packaging, without involving the walls of the boxes.

Advantages of the claimed invention:

- it is possible to use low grades of corrugated cardboard for boxes in comparison with well-known corrugated packaging, i.e. there is a decrease in material consumption;

- reduction of usable area at consumer plants (a box of a tray type when folded is smaller than the known trays and corrugated boxes for a similar investment of 21 egg packages);

- does not require assembly before laying the product. Modern chicken egg production is a high-tech production with the production of up to 2 million pcs. eggs per day. The assembly of corrugated boxes or corrugated trays forces you to create separate sections for the assembly of trays or boxes, this is accordingly human resources. The declared folding tray allows you to use it directly at the installation site. A tray with trays stands right next to the stacker.

Since standard packaging for eggs is used, which are made with ventilation holes and which are not laid tightly in relation to each other and to the walls of the boxes, as well as due to the fact that the boxes protrude above the level of the side walls of the boxes, each stack is well ventilated, which eliminates the formation of condensate.

The present invention is industrially applicable and can be used as an economical option for packaging eggs for their storage and transportation. To implement the claimed invention used standard and widely used products.

Claims (2)

1. An integrated package for a chicken egg containing a box of a tray type, in the cavity of which the egg packages are laid on the bottom, each made with egg nests, characterized in that each egg package is made in the form of a tray with egg nests, closed with a lid the formation of a gap between the eggs and the upper horizontal wall of the lid, the box of the tray type with a rectangular bottom in the plan is made with an open top and is a folding tray with side walls fastened together, flatly folded on the surface of the bottom of the tray, in the cavity of the indicated box of the tray type, in its opened position, the egg packs are laid horizontally in rectangular rows in a plan each with the formation of a parallelepipedal shape to fill the internal volume of the indicated box of the tray type, with the total height of all rows of egg packs being greater than the height side walls of the box tray type. 2. A method of forming a stack on its basis of an integrated package for chicken eggs, which consists in placing boxes on the pallet, in the cavities of each of which egg packaging is laid on the bottom, characterized in that trays with nests for eggs are used as packages for eggs eggs closed by a lid each with the formation of a gap between the eggs and the upper horizontal wall of the lid, as a box, use a box of a tray type with a rectangular bottom in the plan with an open top, which is a folding tray with a fastener interconnected side walls, flat folded on the bottom surface of the tray, in the cavity of which, in its open position, the egg packs are laid horizontally in rows of rectangular shape in plan, each with the formation of a parallelepiped-shaped block in which the total height of all rows of egg packs is greater than the height of the side walls boxes of the tray type, then on the pallet the boxes of the tray type of the first row are laid on the sheet plate in rows with the adjoining side walls of adjacent boxes stacked together, the boxes of the tray about the type of the second and third rows are laid on sheet plates, which are laid out on the lids of the packages for eggs of the first row and on the covers of the packages for eggs of the second row, respectively, to transfer the weight of the upper rows to the covers of the packages for eggs and the walls of the boxes of the tray type of the lower rows, and for the upper rows of tray-type boxes, leaf plates are placed every two rows.

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