RU2649831C1 - Method of prevention of acute intestinal diseases of piglets - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the field of veterinary medicine and represents the method for the prevention of acute intestinal diseases of pigs, including double immunization of pregnant sows 30 days before farrowing at the dose of 5.0 ml/g intramuscularly, and immunization of piglets with the vaccine, which contains the strains of Escherichia coli, According to the invention, the mixture of formalin-inactivated antigens is used as the vaccine, which comprises the cell-free culture medium, which is obtained by means of sterilizing filtration of broth culture of Escherichia coli, which produces the thermolabile, thermostable and shiga-like toxins, broth cultures that contain the cells of hemolytic strains Streptococcus bovis and Enterococcus faecalis, and they are mixed at the certain ratio of components, wt%, while additional immunization of pregnant sows is carried out 20 days before farrowing at the dose of 5.0 ml/head, and piglets are immunized at the age of 15–17 days in the dose of 0.25 ml/head, and the second time – in 10–14 days at the dose of 0.5 ml/head.

EFFECT: invention provides for the increased effectiveness of the prevention of acute intestinal diseases of piglets.

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Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine and relates to a method for the prevention of intestinal infections of piglets.

In industrial pig breeding, acute intestinal diseases are widespread in piglets. It has been established that the main role in the occurrence of this pathology belongs to the associations of various microorganisms, among which the causative agents of colibacteriosis, streptococcosis and enterococcal infection occupy a leading position (Spiridonov A.G., Makhmutov A.F. Etiology of infectious diarrhea of newborn piglets and calves / Veterinary medicine. 2011. V. 95. S. 264-265; Terekhov V.I., Ivanov A.V. Species composition of bacteria isolated from piglets in acute intestinal diseases / Veterinary Medicine Kuban. 2011. No. 3. P. 23-25; Tambiev T .S., Malysheva L.A., Kolotova E.V. et al. A sociative gastrointestinal infections of young pigs, the village of Persianovsky: Publishing House Donskoy GAU, 2015. 180 p.). In this regard, when carrying out special prevention of intestinal infections in piglets, it is necessary to take into account the antigenic profile of pathogens that cause these infections.

A known method for the prevention of diarrhea of young farm animals (US Pat. Of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2125455 dated 01/27/1999, IPC A61K 35/74, A61K 39/108), which consists in the fact that pregnant animals are administered parenterally a drug based on a toxin isolated from enterotoxigenic strains E. coli. Anatoxin was obtained by treating E. coli broth culture with a 0.4% formalin solution for two weeks, followed by centrifugation and selection of the supernatant. The drug is administered 1-12 days before birth at a dose of 6-8 ml.

The disadvantage of this method is the limited use, since it provides the prevention of diseases caused by enterotoxin of Escherichia coli, but does not provide protection against streptococcosis and enterococcal infection. In addition, it protects only newborn animals, whereas after the expiration of colostral immunity (10-14th day after birth), young pigs become susceptible to the causative agent of colibacteriosis.

A known method for the prevention of diarrhea in young animals using the Koli-Wak vaccine against animal escherichiosis (http://thgm.ru/products/koli-vac). The vaccine is made from cultures of Escherichia serogroups: O8, O9, O15, O20, O26, O41, O55, O78, O86, O101, O115, O117, O119, O138, O139, O141, O147, adhesive antigens K88, K99, 987P, F41 , thermolabile and thermostable toxoids inactivated by formalin (0.3% by volume) with the addition of alumina hydrate gel (30% by volume) as adjuvant. Pregnant sows are subject to immunization 1.5-2 months before birth and piglets before weaning on farms that are unsuccessful for this disease. The vaccine is administered intramuscularly twice with an interval of 10-15 days to cows at a dose of 10 and 15 ml, to sows at a dose of 5.0 ml, and to piglets at a dose of 1.0 and 1.5 ml.

The disadvantage of this method is the limited use, since it provides protection against diseases caused only by specific pathogenic variants of E. coli, but does not provide protection against pathogens of streptococcosis and enterococcal infection. In addition, it provides protection only for newborn animals, whereas after the expiration of colostral immunity (10-14th day of life), young pigs become susceptible to the causative agent of colibacteriosis. The vaccine contains a large number of strains of bacteria, and therefore, in the immune plan, it is not stable. Since the vaccine contains up to 30% alumina hydrate gel and a large bacterial mass, it can cause the development of post-vaccination reactions at the injection site in the form of inflammation, swelling, soreness, and non-absorbable swelling.

A known method for the prevention of diarrhea in young animals using the OKZ vaccine (https://www.vidal.ru/veterinar/vaccine-okz-27922), intended for the immunization of animals in points unsuccessful for acute intestinal diseases. The vaccine is made from inactivated cultures of production strains of enterobacteria: Escherichia coli 0138: K88, Escherichia coli 09: K99, Salmonella dublin, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis. Sows are vaccinated 30–40 days before farrowing at a dose of 5.0 subcutaneously, and piglets aged 25–40 days at a dose of 1–1.5 ml subcutaneously. Revaccination is carried out after 10-14 days in the same doses.

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency against the main causative agents of acute intestinal diseases of piglets, as well as the late immunization of young animals, which does not prevent their infection and morbidity until weaning. In addition, in farms that are unsuccessful for acute intestinal diseases in individual animals, a short-term increase in temperature and a depressed state is possible, which is associated with sensitization of the animal organism to enterobacteria and their metabolic products (toxins, etc.), corresponding antigens that are part of the vaccine.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of the prevention of acute intestinal diseases of piglets.

The technical result is achieved by the way in the method of prevention of acute intestinal diseases of piglets, including double immunization of pregnant sows 30 days before farrowing at a dose of 5.0 ml / goal. intramuscularly and piglets with a vaccine containing strains of Escherichia coli, according to the invention, a vaccine containing a mixture of formalin inactivated antigens is used, which use a cell-free culture medium, which is obtained by sterilizing filtration of Escherichia coli broth culture, producing thermolabile, thermostable and shigapodobny toxins, broth cultures containing cells of hemolytic strains of Streptococcus bovis and Enterococcus faecalis and mix them in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

broth culture of Streptococcus bovis 26.0-30.0 Enterococcus faecalis broth culture 26.0-30.0 cell-free culture medium Escherichia coli rest

additional immunization of pregnant sows is carried out 20 days before farrowing at a dose of 5.0 ml / head., and piglets are immunized at the age of 15-17 days at a dose of 0.25 ml / head., and a second time after 10-14 days in dose of 0.5 ml / goal.

The novelty of the claimed method of prevention consists in the fact that sows before farrowing develop intense specific immunity, which ensures the formation of colostral immunity in newborn piglets and the creation in older piglets of active artificial immunity against pathogens of acute intestinal diseases, which ensures their high safety.

A similar set of features is not found in the patent and scientific and technical literature, which makes it possible to judge the inventive step of the claimed proposal.

A method for the prevention of acute intestinal diseases of piglets is as follows.

Previously, in an epizootic outbreak unsuccessful for acute intestinal diseases, pathological material is taken from dead piglets, pure cultures of causative agents of colibacteriosis (Escherichia coli), streptococcosis (Streptococcus bovis) and enterococcal infection (Enterococcus faecalis) are isolated, they are grown separately with this nutrient Escherichia coli cultures are grown for 7 days, and Streptococcus bovis and Enterococcus faecalis cultures for 24 hours to a concentration of 5-6 billion microbial cells in 1 ml, after which they are inactivated with formalin to its final concentration of 0, 3-0.4% for 14 days, the bacterial mass of Escherichia coli is separated using sterilizing filtration, after which the resulting cultures are mixed, in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

broth culture containing cells of hemolytic strains Streptococcus bovis 26.0-30.0 broth culture containing cells of hemolytic strains Enterococcus faecalis 26.0-30.0 cell-free culture medium containing toxins of Escherichia coli rest

This ratio of components is due to the fact that when the ratio of culture media containing cells of hemolytic strains of Streptococcus bovis and Enterococcus faecalis is less than 26.0%, the vaccine has weak protective activity and protects piglets from acute intestinal diseases caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli, Streptococcus bovis and Enterococcus faecalis not more than in 70% of cases, and with a culture medium ratio of 26.0 to 30.0%, the vaccine has a strong protective activity and protects piglets from acute intestinal diseases in 92% of cases. If we take culture media in a volume of more than 30%, then at the injection site in individual animals, especially from the number of piglets, dense painful swelling develops. Then the resulting mixture is administered intramuscularly to pregnant sows 30 and 20 days before farrowing at a dose of 5.0 ml, and for piglets for the first time at the age of 15-17 days and a second time after 10-14 days at a dose of 0.25 and 0.5 ml, respectively .

The essence of the method is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. The rationale for the use of a vaccine consisting of a mixture of antigens, including a cell-free culture medium isolated from the affected organs of piglets of epizootic Escherichia coli strains producing thermolabile, thermostable and shigapodobny toxins and culture media containing cells of the hemolytic strains of Streptococcus bovis and Enterococcus faecalis.

On the farm, which has long been unsuccessful for acute intestinal diseases of piglets, 3 groups of pregnant sows with 3 heads each were formed.

In the first group of sows (experiment) and the offspring born from them (29 goals) were immunized by the proposed method, namely, the first time 30 days before farrowing at a dose of 5.0 ml, the second time - 20 days at a dose of 5.0 ml intramuscularly the area of the base of the auricle. Piglets were immunized twice the first time at the age of 15-17 days at a dose of 0.25 ml, and the second at the age of 28-30 days at a dose of 0.5 ml intramuscularly in the inner thigh.

In the second group (positive control), sows were immunized with the OKZ vaccine manufactured by AGROVET LLC (Moscow) according to the instructions, namely, twice 30 and 40 days before farrowing at a dose of 5.0 ml subcutaneously. Piglets obtained from these sows (30 animals) were vaccinated for the first time at the age of 25-27 days, the second time at the age of 35-37 days subcutaneously in a dose of 1.0 ml.

In the third group (negative control), neither sows nor piglets obtained from them (28 animals) were vaccinated.

In sows, 7 days after the second immunization, blood serum was examined, and immediately after farrowing colostrum was examined for the presence of specific antibodies in the reaction of indirect hemagglutination and diffuse precipitation. In newborn piglets (3 pigs from each sow), the level of colostral antibodies was determined on the 3rd day of life, and 7 days after the second immunization, the level of specific antibodies to the causative agents of colibacteriosis, streptococcosis and enterococcal infection.

The effect of using a mixture of treated antigens of the causative agents of colibacteriosis, streptococcosis and enterococcal infection on the antibody titer in sows and piglets is presented in table 1.

From the materials of table 1 it is seen that the immunization of sows and piglets of the claimed method provides a more intense specific immunity against pathogens of acute intestinal diseases. This is evidenced by the titers of specific antibodies, which in animals of the first group are 4-10 times greater than in animals from the second and third groups.

Example 2. The rationale for the effectiveness of the proposed method for the prevention of acute intestinal diseases of piglets.

On the farm, which has long been unsuccessful for acute intestinal diseases of piglets, 3 groups of pregnant sows with 5 animals each were formed.

In the first group (experimental), the sows and pigs obtained from them were immunized with a vaccine consisting of a mixture of antigens, including a cell-free culture medium isolated from the affected organs of piglets of epizootic Escherichia coli strains producing thermolabile, thermostable and shigapodobny toxins and culture media containing cells of Streptoccus hemolytic strains bovis and Enterococcus faecalis. Sows were immunized for the first time 30 days before farrowing at a dose of 5.0 ml, a second time for 20 days at a dose of 5.0 ml intramuscularly to the base of the auricle. Piglets were immunized twice the first time at the age of 15-17 days at a dose of 0.25 ml, and the second at the age of 28-30 days at a dose of 0.5 days intramuscularly in the inner thigh.

The sows of the second group (positive control) were vaccinated with the OKZ vaccine manufactured by AGROVET LLC (Moscow) according to the instructions, namely, twice 30 and 40 days before farrowing at a dose of 5.0 ml subcutaneously. Piglets obtained from these sows were vaccinated for the first time at the age of 25-27 days, the second time at the age of 35-37 days subcutaneously in a dose of 1.0 ml.

In the third group (negative control), neither sows nor piglets obtained from them were vaccinated.

Piglets were monitored for 90 days, taking into account the number of sick and dead animals. The results of the study are presented in table 2. From the materials of table 2 it is seen that in the 1st group of 5 sows, 53 piglets were obtained, of which 8 goals fell and 2 fell. The incidence in the group was 15.1%, mortality 3.8 % Therefore, the prophylactic effectiveness of the proposed method was 84.9% with the safety of piglets in the group of 96.2%.

In the 2nd group, where sows were immunized with the OKZ vaccine, 52 piglets were born, of which 17 became ill and 5 fell. The incidence in this group was 32.7%, mortality was 9.6%, the preventive efficacy of the OKZ vaccine was 67.3%, and the safety was 90.4%.

In the 3rd group, 53 pigs were received, of which 28 became ill, 9 fell. The incidence was 52.8%, mortality 17%, and safety 83%.

Therefore, the claimed method for the prevention of acute intestinal diseases allowed to reduce the incidence compared with the prototype by 17.6%, and in comparison with the negative control group by 37.7%, while the mortality decreased by 2.5-4.5 times, which indicates about its high performance.

Claims (3)

A method for the prevention of acute intestinal diseases of piglets, including double immunization of pregnant sows 30 days prior to farrowing at a dose of 5.0 ml / goal intramuscularly and piglets with a vaccine containing strains of Escherichia coli, characterized in that the vaccine uses a mixture of formalin inactivated antigens, including cell-free culture medium obtained by sterilizing filtration of Escherichia coli broth culture, producing thermolabile, thermostable and shigapodobny toxins, broth cultures containing glue weights of hemolytic strains of Streptococcus bovis and Enterococcus faecalis, and mix them in the following ratio of components, wt. %: broth culture of Streptococcus bovis 26.0-30.0 Enterococcus faecalis broth culture 26.0-30.0 cell-free culture medium Escherichia coli rest additional immunization of pregnant sows is carried out 20 days before farrowing at a dose of 5.0 ml / head., and piglets are immunized at the age of 15-17 days at a dose of 0.25 ml / head., and a second time after 10-14 days in dose of 0.5 ml / goal.