RU2649289C1 - Method of correction of content and quantity of information of educational material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: learning.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to teaching aids. Technical result is achieved by means of a method for correcting the content and quantity of information of educational material, including the transfer of the learning material to the trainees in a multimedia form, setting the required interval of admissible values of the learners' learning coefficient for each semantic block

, while the coefficient of assimilation is defined as the ratio of the amount of educational material learned by the students during a certain unit of time to the material reported to the student for the same time, the formation of J>2, where j=1, 2, …, J, independent semantic blocks that are formed graphic images of educational material on a specific topic and include a finite number of words and / or word combinations, reference elementary figures, additional words / or word combinations, and storing the total number of semantic blocks in the database.

EFFECT: technical result consists in expanding the arsenal of technical means of correcting the content and quantity of information in the educational material.

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Description

The present invention relates to the field of pedagogy, in particular to methods for correcting the content and amount of information of educational material.

In modern educational approaches to training, information technologies are increasingly being used, and the achievements of neuro-linguistic programming, covering representative systems of trainees and trainers, are being actively introduced. Each system is a collection of elements that allow the presentation of information. By the nature of the dominant modality of the presentation of information, representative systems are divided into visual - in which vision dominates; auditory - hearing dominates; kinesthetic - motor sensations dominate, etc. Through the visual organs, the human brain receives visual information, which makes up about 70% of all perceived information, so the person’s visual representative system is dominant.

The visual components of the educational materials information include: demo screens, light projectors, computers, video monitors, digital images, animation effects, color, light, etc. Elements of visual information carriers have a psychological effect on the students, and the time taken to absorb the information of the educational material from the carriers of visual information significantly affects the overall level of teaching and performance.

Perceptual actions (English perceptual actions) - the main structural units of the process of perception in humans [II. Eliseeva, M.M. Yuzbashev. General Theory of Statistics: A Textbook. / Ed. I.I. Eliseeva. - 5th ed., Revised. and additional - M.: Finance and statistics, 2004. - 656 p.]. The perception of objects and phenomena occurs through the influence of the properties of objects and phenomena on the human senses. Solving perceptual tasks, the student performs a number of such actions at the perceptive level, such as distinction, identification, awareness, etc. The result of perceptual actions is the formation in the consciousness of the learner of a subjective and adequate reflection of reality. Thanks to the successive perceptual actions of the student with the teaching material, the student is able to control the quality of the material given.

Receptive actions - actions to receive information. To receptive actions are those actions that the teacher performs with information to perceive it, extract the necessary information [B. G. Meshcheryakova, V.P. Zinchenko. Great psychological dictionary. / Ed. Meshcheryakova B.G., Zinchenko V.P. 4th Edition Extended. M .: Prime-Euroznak, 2003 - 672 p.].

Studies show that the overall level of performance also depends on the characteristics of the elements of the presentation of educational materials, namely the volume of content, the tempo of sound, both verbal in the form of instructional and audio comments, the number of key topics for mastering, the level of complexity of the forms of visual illustrations of educational material and etc. If the elements of the educational materials presented do not correspond to the individual representative system of the trainees, then in the process of "transferring" the information received into the familiar form, the learning process is significantly complicated. In a real educational process, the information of educational material is not adapted to the individual psychophysical characteristics of the trainees.

Thus, in the current situation, it is necessary to be able to carry out the correction of the content and amount of information of educational material, providing a given level of assimilation by students of the information of educational material.

One of the most important elements of using visual and sound demonstration of educational materials and improving the level of assimilation is the correction of the content and amount of information of educational material, which provides a given level of assimilation of information by students of educational material.

A known method of distance learning [Patent RU 2337408 C1, G09B 5/14. A way of distance learning. / R.T. Gareev, M.M. Zinovkina, E.V. Miroshnik. - Publ. 10/27/2008, bull. No. 30]. The method consists in placing a control program on a storage medium with the possibility of access to a learner through a global and / or local information network. Learning after studying the current module, the completed task is generated as a report in the form of a digital code. The student’s academic performance is monitored by comparing the ratio of the number of completed tasks to the total number of student responses modulo.

The disadvantages of this method are:

the method proceeds from the condition that the training material is initially formed in such content and quantity that contribute to the complete and accurate assimilation of the material by the trainees, which is difficult to achieve and contradicts the real learning process;

a report on the study of the module is encoded using digital signals, which increases the time spent on the translation of information by students and affects their fatigue;

the lack of sound during training does not allow the student to influence the effectiveness of the perception of teaching materials and the formation of personal characteristics of students, which contradicts the principles of the modern education system;

with distance learning, the student is not able to accurately identify the student, i.e. the method does not take into account the possibility of substituting a student for a network computer, which distorts and complicates the control of students.

A known method of teaching and mastering educational material and a device for its implementation [Patent RU 2197748 C2, G09B 5/14, 5/06, 19/00. A method of teaching and mastering educational material and a device for its implementation. / Yu.N. Afanasyev. - Publ. 01/27/2003, bull. Number 3]. The method includes coordinating training of individual and collective actions of a group of students with educational material, transferring information of educational material and exchanging messages between members of a group of students and a student using a local area network of means of communication of information carriers on the worksheets of students and the teacher, displaying information by means of information display in personal mode and group perception. Moreover, each time before the transfer of the next block of information, the assimilation of educational material is carried out by means of reproducing by the trainees of the data block of information of the educational material in the mode of individual perception in verbal form.

The disadvantage of this method is the monitoring of the assimilation of educational materials only by reproducing trainees' information in verbal form, which increases the complexity of assimilation in the learning process. Moreover, there is a high probability of inconsistency of the complexity of the material being studied with the current level of training of students.

A known method of learning and mastering educational material [Patent RU 2363054 C2, G09B 5/14, 5/06. A way of teaching and learning material. / V.V. Kutseev, E.L. Gutkovskaya. - Publ. 07/27/2009, bull. No. 21]. The method includes coordinating training of individual and collective actions of a group of students with educational material, transferring information by data blocks and exchanging messages between members of the group of students and the student using a local network of communication tools, displaying information in the mode of personal and group perception by the actions of the students and the teacher with the teaching material on information carriers. In this case, control of the assimilation of educational material is carried out by reproducing by the trainees a data block of information of educational material in verbal form with its duplication in visual form.

The described method has the following disadvantages:

control over the assimilation of educational material is carried out by reproducing trainees' information in verbal form on information carriers with duplication in visual form, which leads to a complication of the educational process and does not exclude an imbalance between the complexity of the educational material and the level of training of students;

the increase in the specific volume of educational information repeated and transmitted by the student makes it difficult for students to learn new information, which ultimately reduces the effectiveness of learning for a certain period of study.

A known method of learning and mastering educational material and a device for its implementation [Patent RU 2357294 C2, G09B 5/06. A method of teaching and mastering educational material and a device for its implementation. / A.N. Medovnik, E.I. Trubilin, V.V. Kutseev. - Publ. 05/27/2009, bull. No. 15]. The method includes coordinating training of individual and collective actions of a group of students with educational material, transferring information of educational material and exchanging messages between members of a group of students with a student using a local network, communication tools, storage media at workplaces, displaying information in personal and group perception mode, and control of learning material. At the same time, the student coordinates the actions of the students, and the students save the training material on information carriers.

The disadvantages of the method include the following:

the possibility of changing the content of information of educational material based on the characteristics of individual and group perception by students is not realized;

the method involves expanding the knowledge base of students without taking into account the degree of complexity of the training material, which makes it difficult for students to absorb large amounts of new information of the training material and makes the learning process more time-consuming;

control by the learner of the assimilation of material by the trainees, carried out through communication, which provides the possibility of exchanging messages, is subjective in nature, which distorts the results of assimilation of the educational material.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed method is a method for targeted management of the assimilation of educational material [Patent RU 2180455 C1, G09B 5/06, G09B 19/00. A way to purposefully control the learning of educational material. / Yu.N. Afanasyev, L.P. Belkovets, Yu.S. Voronkov, S.V. Kuvshinov. - Publ. 03/10/2002, bull. No. 7], which includes transferring to a student educational material in a form fixed on information carriers, a sequence of perceptual actions of a student to extract information from educational material on an information carrier by underlining and / or writing out and / or writing out with classification and / or writing out formally grammatical transformation, and / or writing out with an equivalent replacement, the sequence of receptive actions of the student to understand the essence of the educational material by fixing on the carrier information in the verbal form of the main thought of the text, and / or the main thoughts of the paragraphs, and / or keywords, and / or their equivalents, and the learner processes the extracted information by fixing it on the information carrier.

The disadvantage of the prototype method is that it does not realize the possibility of generating data necessary for the subsequent correction of the content and amount of information of educational material.

The technical result achieved by the application of the proposed method is to expand the arsenal of technical means of correcting the content and amount of information of educational material.

, при этом коэффициент усвоения определяют как отношение объема учебного материала, усвоенного учащимися в течение определенной единицы времени, к материалу, сообщенному учащимся за то же время, формируют J>2, где j=1, 2, …, J, самостоятельных смысловых блоков, представляющих собой сформированные графические изображения учебного материала по определенной теме и включающих конечное число слов и/или словосочетаний, эталонных элементарных фигур, дополнительных слов/или словосочетаний, запоминают в базе данных общее количество смысловых блоков, выделяют из учебного материала и вводят в базу данных конечное число N>M ключевых слов и/или словосочетаний, эталонных элементарных фигур, характеризующих каждый j-й смысловой блок информации учебного материала, определяют число реально присутствующих обучаемых n на основе идентификации их персональной информации, записывают в базу данных сохраненный каждым i-м обучаемым учебный материал, рассчитывают сходства

на основе сопоставления занесенных в БД ключевых слов и/или словосочетаний, эталонных элементарных фигур по каждому j-му смысловому блоку с зафиксированной информацией каждого i-го обучаемого:The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method, including the transfer of the student learning material in a multimedia form, according to the invention pre-set the required interval of acceptable values of the coefficient of assimilation by students of educational material for each semantic unit

, while the assimilation coefficient is defined as the ratio of the volume of educational material learned by students during a certain unit of time to the material reported by students over the same time, form J> 2, where j = 1, 2, ..., J, independent semantic blocks, representing formed graphic images of educational material on a specific topic and including a finite number of words and / or phrases, reference elementary figures, additional words / or phrases, the total number of semantic blocks is stored in the database , select from the training material and enter into the database a finite number N> M of keywords and / or phrases, reference elementary figures characterizing each j-th semantic block of information of the training material, determine the number of students actually present n based on the identification of their personal information, write into the database the training material saved by each i-th student, calculate the similarities

based on a comparison of keywords and / or phrases entered in the database, reference elementary figures for each j-th semantic block with recorded information of each i-th student:

,

,

- коэффициент сходства зафиксированной информации каждым i-м обучаемым с передаваемой обучающим информацией учебного материала, ЭСМ_зафикс - зафиксированные элементы смысловых блоков учебной информации каждым i-м обучаемым, ЭСМ_зад - заданные в БД элементы смысловых блоков учебной информации по каждому j-му смысловому блоку, начиная с первого смыслового блока, записывают в базу данных значения коэффициента сходства

, рассчитывают среднее значение коэффициента сходства

, записывают в базу данных среднее значение коэффициента сходства

, сравнивают значения коэффициента сходства

и коэффициента усвоения

, в случае, когда

, упрощают элементы содержания и/или сокращают количество информации учебного материала, в случае, когда

, усложняют элементы содержания и/или увеличивают количество информации учебного материала, в случае, когда

, то содержание j-го смыслового блока информации учебного материала оставляют неизменным, записывают в базу данных откорректированные элементы содержания и/или количество информации учебного материала, аналогично повторяют вышеперечисленные действия по коррекции содержания и количества информации учебного материала для всех самостоятельных смысловых блоков от j+1 до J включительно.Where

- coefficient of similarity of recorded information by each i-th student with the transmitted educational information of educational material, ESM _fixed - fixed elements of semantic blocks of educational information by each i-th student, ESM _ass - elements of semantic blocks of educational information specified in the database for each j-th semantic block starting from the first semantic block, the similarity coefficient values are written to the database

, calculate the average value of the coefficient of similarity

, write the average value of the coefficient of similarity to the database

, compare the similarity coefficient

and assimilation coefficient

in the case when

, simplify content elements and / or reduce the amount of information of educational material, in the case when

, complicate content elements and / or increase the amount of information of educational material, in the case when

, then the content of the jth semantic block of information of educational material is left unchanged, the adjusted content elements and / or the amount of information of educational material are written to the database, the above steps to correct the content and amount of information of educational material for all independent semantic blocks from j + 1 are repeated to J inclusive.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The claimed method is illustrated by drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 - an algorithm for correcting the content and amount of information of educational material;

FIG. 2 - an example of the separation of semantic blocks of visual training information into elements, data about which are entered into the database;

;FIG. 3 - database form (DB) for recording the values of the coefficient K _cxj for further calculation of the average value of the coefficient of similarity

;

для группы, состоящей из 5 студентов, необходимая для принятия решения о необходимости коррекции содержания и количества информации учебного материала.FIG. 4 - the final form of the database with the calculation of the average value of the coefficient of similarity

for a group of 5 students, necessary to make a decision on the need to correct the content and amount of information of educational material.

The claimed method can be implemented using an algorithm, a block diagram of which is presented in FIG. one.

The actions of the method are carried out in any classroom intended for conducting the training process using technical equipment: software for creating, maintaining and accessing a database that receives data that is used in the future to correct the content and amount of information of educational material; input devices (mouse, keyboard) and output (displays of training and students) at each workplace; a video projector and a demo screen for displaying information of educational materials, data on which are entered into the database.

(бл. 1 фиг. 1).1. Pre-set the required interval of acceptable values of the coefficient of assimilation by students of educational material for each j-th semantic block

(bl. 1 of fig. 1).

The coefficient of assimilation of educational material is equal to the ratio of the volume of educational material learned by students during a certain unit of time to the material reported by students during the same time [A.A. Kyveryal Research methods in professional pedagogy. Tallinn: Valgus, 1980 .-- 335 p., P. 28-29].

There are various variations of this coefficient from 1% to 100%.

The teacher sets the level of the required interval for the learner’s coefficient of assimilation of educational material based on the analysis of the characteristics of the students. It is necessary to take into account the type of educational institution, the given level of training of students, their psychophysical state. The value of the coefficient also depends on the level of complexity of the information that the educator presents to the trainees, external circumstances and the course of the educational process in question.

, равный 70%, и

, равный 90%.In this method, the value of the required interval is set identically for all semantic blocks - from 70 to 90%, sufficient is selected

equal to 70%, and

equal to 90%.

2. Form J> 2, where i = 1, 2, ..., J, of independent semantic blocks from audio and visual educational material. The semantic blocks are formed graphic images of educational material on a specific topic, include a finite number of keywords and / or phrases, reference elementary figures, additional words and / or phrases (bl. 2 of Fig. 1, Fig. 2).

3. Remember in the database (DB) the total number of semantic blocks J (bl. 3 of Fig. 1).

4. Select from the training material and enter into the database a finite number N> M of keywords and / or phrases, reference elementary figures characterizing each j-th semantic block of information of the training material (block 4 of Fig. 1).

5. Determine the number of students actually present n based on the identification of their personal information.

Identification is carried out by authorizing each student through a pre-formed database, which includes any user identifiers and passwords associated with these identifiers [Patent RU 2262738, G06F 17/60. Educational system. / Hoyashita Shigeru, Ikegami Yasuyuki, Sumi Kazuhiro. - Publ. 10/20/2005, Bull. No. 29].

Identification can be carried out by any known means, for example, through the use of identifiers and passwords [A.Yu. Shcheglov. Protecting computer information from unauthorized access. St. Petersburg: Science and Technology, 2004. - 384 p.]; biometric data (fingerprint, voice sample, iris, handwriting) [P.M. Ball, D.H. Connell, S. Pancanti. Biometrics Guide: Study Guide. M .: Technosphere, 2007. - 368 p.], Unique for each student, for more simple and unambiguous identification thereof, etc.

In this method, the personal data of students is selected as identifiers - surname and name, test book number and personal magnetic card (bl. 5 of Fig. 1).

6. Transfer the learning material in multimedia to the student in the form of independent semantic blocks, which are formed graphic images of the training material on a specific topic and include a finite number of words and / or phrases, reference elementary figures. The semantic blocks can be transmitted synchronously with the soundtrack. Sound accompaniment includes a verbal description by a student of each element of a semantic block from visual information of educational material (bl. 6 of Fig. 1).

7. Write in the database the training material stored by each i-th student (bl. 7 of Fig. 1).

- коэффициент сходства, характеризующий степень сходства зафиксированной информации каждым i-м обучаемым с передаваемой обучающим информацией учебного материала по каждому j-му смысловому блоку (бл. 8 фиг. 1).8. Expect

- a similarity coefficient characterizing the degree of similarity of the recorded information by each i-th student with the transmitted educational information of the training material for each j-th semantic block (bl. 8 of Fig. 1).

The similarity coefficient K _{cxi is} obtained by comparing the keywords and / or phrases entered in the database, reference elementary figures for each j-th semantic block with the recorded information of each i-th student (1).

- коэффициент сходства зафиксированной информации каждым i-м обучаемым с передаваемой обучающим информацией учебного материала;Where

- the coefficient of similarity of the recorded information by each i-th student with the transmitted educational information of the training material;

SEM _zafiks - fixed elements semantic units educational information each i-th learner;

ESM _ass - elements of semantic blocks of educational information specified in the database.

для оценки степени сходства зафиксированной информации каждым i-м обучаемым с передаваемой обучающим информацией учебного материала по каждому j-му смысловому блоку (бл. 9 фиг. 1).9. Starting from the first semantic block, the similarity coefficient values are written to the database

to assess the degree of similarity of the recorded information by each i-th student with the transmitted educational information of the training material for each j-th semantic block (bl. 9 of Fig. 1).

, характеризующего степень сходства зафиксированной информации всеми обучаемыми по каждому j-му смысловому блоку, по формуле расчета простой средней арифметической (2) [И.И. Елисеева, М.М. Юзбашев. Общая теория статистики: Учебник. / Под ред. И.И. Елисеевой. - 5-е изд., перераб. и доп. - М.: Финансы и статистика, 2004. - 656 с., с. 124] (бл. 10 фиг. 1).10. Calculate the average value of the coefficient of similarity

, characterizing the degree of similarity of recorded information by all trainees for each j-th semantic block, according to the formula for calculating a simple arithmetic mean (2) [II. Eliseeva, M.M. Yuzbashev. General Theory of Statistics: A Textbook. / Ed. I.I. Eliseeva. - 5th ed., Revised. and add. - M.: Finance and Statistics, 2004. - 656 p., P. 124] (bl. 10 of Fig. 1).

where n is the given number of trainees.

, полученное по всем обучающимся за каждый j-й смысловой блок (бл. 11 фиг. 1).11. Record in the database the average value of the coefficient of similarity

obtained for all students for each j-th semantic block (bl. 11 of Fig. 1).

и значение коэффициента усвоения обучаемыми учебного материала

(бл. 12, 13 фиг. 1).12. Compare the average value of the coefficient of similarity

and the value of the coefficient of assimilation by students of educational material

(bl. 12, 13 of Fig. 1).

, упрощают элементы содержания и/или сокращают количество информации учебного материала (бл. 14 фиг. 1). Упрощение элементов смыслового блока визуальной информации учебного материала включает в себя уменьшение темпа подачи материала обучающим, уменьшение количества слов/словосочетаний, содержащихся в каждом элемента смыслового блока, упрощение формы представления каждого элемента смыслового блока.13. In the case when

, simplify content elements and / or reduce the amount of information of educational material (bl. 14 of Fig. 1). Simplification of the elements of the semantic block of the visual information of the educational material includes a decrease in the rate of presentation of material to the students, a decrease in the number of words / phrases contained in each element of the semantic block, and a simplification of the presentation form of each element of the semantic block.

, усложняют элементы содержания и/или увеличивают количество информации учебного материала (бл. 15 фиг. 1). Усложнение элементов смыслового блока визуальной информации учебного материала включает в себя увеличение темпа подачи материала обучающим, увеличение количества слов/словосочетаний, содержащихся в каждом элемента смыслового блока, усложнение формы представления каждого элемента смыслового блока. Степень упрощения и усложнения элементов смыслового блока определяется пропорционально значению интервала, полученного между рассчитанным

и требуемым значением интервала

.14. In the case when

, complicate the content elements and / or increase the amount of information of educational material (bl. 15 of Fig. 1). The complication of the elements of the semantic block of the visual information of the educational material includes an increase in the rate of presentation of material to the students, an increase in the number of words / phrases contained in each element of the semantic block, and a complication of the presentation form of each element of the semantic block. The degree of simplification and complication of the elements of the semantic block is determined in proportion to the value of the interval obtained between the calculated

and the required interval value

.

, то содержание j-го смыслового блока информации учебного материала оставляют неизменным (бл. 16 фиг. 1).15. In the case where the value

, then the content of the jth semantic block of information of the educational material is left unchanged (bl. 16 of Fig. 1).

16. Record the corrected content elements and / or the amount of educational material information in the database (bl. 17 of FIG. 1).

17. Similarly, the above actions are repeated to correct the content and amount of information of educational material for j + 1 of all independent semantic blocks up to and including J (bl. 18 of Fig. 1).

An example implementation of the proposed method

The educational process of a higher educational institution is considered as an example.

, где

,

. В данном примере задан одинаковый интервал для всех смысловых блоков.In the group of 5 students, their level of psychophysical state is standard. The level of training of students is uniform. The teachers were asked the required interval of acceptable values of the coefficient of assimilation by students of educational material

where

,

. In this example, the same interval is set for all semantic blocks.

Learning material for students is presented in the form of 5 semantic blocks.

The average value of the coefficient characterizing the degree of similarity of the recorded information by all trainees for each jth semantic block is determined by the formula (2).

The result of calculating the average value of the coefficient characterizing the degree of similarity of the recorded information by all trainees in the 1st semantic block is presented in FIG. 3:

.

.

Next, a comparison is made of the values of a given required interval of acceptable values for the assimilation coefficient by students of educational material with the obtained value of a coefficient characterizing the degree of similarity of recorded information by all students in each semantic block.

Since 64% <70%, it is necessary to simplify the content and / or form of this semantic block of educational material. Simplification is carried out by reducing keywords and / or phrases, reference elementary figures characterizing each j-th semantic block of information of educational material.

The calculation results for 5 semantic blocks are presented in FIG. four.

Thus, the claimed technical result is achieved - the correction of the content and amount of information of educational material, providing a given level of assimilation by students of the information of educational material.

Claims (3)

A method for correcting the content and amount of information of educational material, including transmitting by the learner educational material in a multimedia form, characterized in that it preliminarily sets the required interval of acceptable values for the assimilation rate of the educational material by the students for each semantic unit

, while the assimilation coefficient is defined as the ratio of the volume of educational material learned by students during a certain unit of time to the material reported by students over the same time, form J> 2, where j = 1, 2, ..., J, independent semantic blocks, representing formed graphic images of educational material on a specific topic and including a finite number of words and / or phrases, reference elementary figures, additional words / or phrases, the total number of semantic blocks is stored in the database , select from the training material and enter into the database a finite number N> M of keywords and / or phrases, reference elementary figures characterizing each j-th semantic block of information of the training material, determine the number of students actually present n based on the identification of their personal information, write into the database the training material saved by each i-th student, calculate the similarities

based on a comparison of keywords and / or phrases entered in the database, reference elementary figures for each j-th semantic block with recorded information of each i-th student:

, Where

- the coefficient of similarity of the recorded information by each i-th student with the transmitted educational information of the training material; SEM _zafiks - fixed elements semantic units educational information each i-th learner; ESM _ass - the elements of semantic blocks of educational information specified in the database for each jth semantic block, starting from the first semantic block, write the values of the similarity coefficient to the database

, calculate the average value of the coefficient of similarity

, write the average value of the coefficient of similarity to the database

, compare the similarity coefficient

and assimilation coefficient

in the case when

, simplify content elements and / or reduce the amount of information of educational material, in the case when

, complicate content elements and / or increase the amount of information of educational material, in the case when

, then the content of the jth semantic block of information of educational material is left unchanged, the adjusted content elements and / or the amount of information of educational material are written to the database, the above steps to correct the content and amount of information of educational material for all independent semantic blocks from j + 1 are repeated to J inclusive.

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