RU2648766C1 - Automated method of establishing a fixed dam in the erosion of the river coast - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to automated and mechanized construction, especially when erecting dams of increased reliability. Automation and mechanization of the method of erection of monolithic dams is solved by assembling a set of equipment on a suction dredge for the preparation of plastic paste pulp, pulp pumps and flexible pulp pipelines. For a pair of flexible pulp pipelines, pulp pump is injected with a plastic paste-like pulp into a pair of screw piles. Excessive pressure erupting the pulp from the screw piles, form an intrusion of a growing volume and block the break in the river bank and prevent the flooding of the city.

EFFECT: technical task of the invention is to reduce the complexity of erecting fixed dams, to automate the way they are erected, to increase their strength and reliability, and to prevent the flooding of urban areas.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to an automated method for the rapid construction of deaf dams [1, p. 427], mainly during catastrophic floods.

As an example of the destructive power of the flood, we consider the situation that occurred in August 2014 in the Far East, where a catastrophic spill occurred in the basins of the Amur River and its tributaries. The flood covered five regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. The Amur region, the first to accept the blow of the elements, the Jewish Autonomous Region and the Khabarovsk Territory, suffered more than others.

In total, 47 municipal districts, 245 settlements and more than 14 thousand residential buildings were flooded since the beginning of the flood. The total area of flooded territories amounted to more than 8 million square kilometers. According to Roshydromet, the cause of the flood was intense rainfall that swept the entire Amur basin and lasted about two months (July-August).

By the beginning of July 2014, a stationary high-altitude frontal zone was formed over the Amur region, along which deep, saturated with moisture cyclones moved one after another for two months. The maximum level of the river near Khabarovsk was 804 cm at a critical level of 600 cm.

The previous historical maximum of 642 cm was recorded in 1867. The level at Komsomolsk-on-Amur reached 911 cm at a critical level of 650 cm.

The Zeya and Bureyskaya hydroelectric power stations became the buffer on the path of superhigh water that came from the largest tributaries of the Amur - Zeya and Bureya. The dams of both stations were on the verge of overflow, but retained water in their reservoirs (about two thirds of the inflow of Zeya and Bureya - 19.1 cubic kilometers). In the absence of a hydroelectric power station on Bureya and Zeya, all this huge volume of water would go down, significantly complicating the flood situation in the Amur Region, the Jewish Autonomous Region and the Khabarovsk Territory.

In 2014, a flood occurred in the Altai Territory. It brought unprecedented destruction. The water level broke all records during the observations and reached almost 7.5 m. The scale of the destruction was clearly visible from the air. In the village of Zaton there was not a single unfilled building.

On the embankment of the Ob, 11 hours from the start of the flood, water rose 80 cm. In the village of Ilyich (in the suburbs of Barnaul), a dam broke and flood water began to flood residential buildings. The flow of water eroded the asphalt on the roads and country roads, which seriously complicated the evacuation of the flooded areas.

Floods have tremendous destructive power, and bulk dams have serious drawbacks in their design, and therefore are often eroded. During the flood, dams are erected manually using bags filled with sand, gravel, gravel. We accept the known method as an analogue.

The disadvantages of the analogue are as follows:

- the construction of dams manually leads to high complexity, as it applies inefficient, unproductive manual labor;

- the tightness of the dams is low, since dense packing of sandbags is impossible;

- the inevitable formation of cracks and holes in the body of the dams leads to a violation of the tightness and leakage of water through the dams;

- overflow of incoming water flows through dams from bags and earthen ramparts quickly and easily erodes them and leads to their catastrophic breakthrough;

- the rate of construction of dams is low, which leads to flooding of large areas and large losses;

- transportation on flooded roads of sand, gravel, gravel is complicated;

- the cost of building dams manually is large, and their reliability is low;

- automated methods for the construction of dams during floods are unknown.

Known high-performance dredger shells [1, p. 419], which automatically, mechanically extract pulp from the bottom of the river or reservoir: (gravel, sand, sludge) and transporting the pulp through pressure pulp pipelines to the place where the dams are being washed up.

In our case, for the construction of the dam, we use floating-type dredging shells, they are self-propelled, so they can easily be transported afloat on the water surface to the breakthrough point on the river bank.

Pulp is extracted from the bottom of the river from the shortest distance, its transportation to the place of laying in the dam is automated.

In addition, dredgers at the same time deepen the riverbed, which allows to increase the flow of water along the channel. A significant advantage is provided by the fact that the control panel is located on a dredging projectile, therefore the safety of work reaches max.

Dredgers have high performance, as the equipment is mounted on a pontoon, which allows it to be used in almost any capacity.

The main working unit at each dredger is dredging equipment, the rest of the equipment has an auxiliary purpose. A significant advantage is provided by the fact that the control panel is also located on the dredger.

A self-propelled dredger swims up to a break in the river bank at a minimum distance, which ensures max safety of work. Self-propelled dredgers are classified by the method of soil collection:

- soil development by suction from under the water;

- suction with preliminary loosening of the soil mechanically or hydraulically (with a water jet of a hydraulic monitor);

- according to the method of transporting the pulp through the pressure pulp line - floating or suspended.

By type of drive, we will take a dredger with a progressive autonomous diesel-electric or turboelectric drive, since the main volume of earthwork is carried out in the initial period of the dam construction, when power supply from external networks is impossible due to catastrophic destruction.

We will use self-propelled dredgers moving from their ship engines (water cannons) by the method of movement. This method is highly efficient, widely used and can significantly increase the speed of construction of dams. For an analog, we will take the method of erection of dams in bulk [1, p. 781].

Technical and technological objectives of the invention for emergency protection of the population from catastrophic flooding; automation of the way to create a dead dam in a breakthrough [1, p. 967] (new riverbed) riverbanks and preventing flooding of urban areas are resolved as follows.

Automation of the method for creating a dead dam consists in the fact that the suction dredger is equipped with an aggregate for screwing into the soil under a break in the river bank in pairs of reactive tubular piles with screw blades [1, p. 206] on the heels of clockwise and counterclockwise.

Synchronously screw a pair of jet piles obliquely at an angle to the horizontal of 30 ... 40 ° under the bottom of the breakthrough in the shore, to the design depth, with the blades anchor the screw pairs of the heels of the tubular piles in the soil base.

Quick-connect couplings are connected by flexible slurry pipelines to the heads of a pair of jet piles with pulp pumps [1, p. 978], connected to the hopper with perforated walls.

The dredger extracts gravel and sand pulp from the bottom of the river and feeds it into the receiving hopper, reduces the amount of water in the pulp, releasing its excess through the perforated walls of the hopper and sending it back to the river.

They adjust the plasticity of the pulp by adding plasticizer, controlling high-pressure pulp pumps (concrete pumps) from the console, pump the pulp into a particular jet pile, anchored in the soil mass at the design depth under the bottom of the breakthrough on the river bank.

A massive plastic pulp is ejected from the heels of the pipes, the pulp pressure is controlled from the console, controlling its pressure with pressure gauges. Eject pulp from the heels of piles, create an intrusion (laccolith) under the heels of piles [1, p. 621] of growing volume, under the bottom of the breakthrough in the coast.

[1, с. 1000] растущего по объему интрузива. направленный вверх, увеличивают вектор

реактивной тяги пропорционально отношению квадратов диаметров выходного отверстия D из пяты каждой трубы к диаметру d входного отверстия в оголовке реактивной сваи

Create jet thrust vector

[1, p. 1000] growing in volume of the intrusion. upward magnify vector

thrust is proportional to the ratio of the square of the diameters of the outlet D from the heel of each pipe to the diameter d of the inlet in the tip of the jet pile

поддомкрачивают интрузив и грунтовый массив до проектной отметки. Созданной грунтовой дамбой перекрывают поток воды в прорве и прекращают наводнение.Jet thrust of erupted jets of pulp overcome the forces of gravity of the massif of soil above the intrusion under the breakthrough, jet thrust

jack up the intrusion and the soil mass to the design level. The created dirt dam blocks the flow of water in the breakthrough and stops the flood.

In FIG. 1 shows a process flow for the implementation of an automated method for erecting a blind monolithic dam.

In FIG. 1 shows a dredging projectile 1. A dredger 2 is mounted on it, the tilt of the dredger is provided by a crane 3, the control panel 4 is located on the deck of the pontoon.

On the deck is a hopper 5 with perforated walls. It is designed to control the density and ductility of the pulp. The operator adjusts the pulp pressure from the control panel. From the hopper, the pulp enters via a high-pressure pipe 6 from a high-pressure pump 7. The pile heads are connected by quick-connect connections 8. A pair of screw piles are screwed by a screwing unit 9 under the bottom of the breakthrough 10. The operator feeds the pulp into a particular pile. She goes to the heads of a pair of screw piles 10, one or the other. The piles are held in the design position by the tongs 11. The angle of inclination of the pair of piles is regulated by a winch 12.

Dredging projectile 1 is designed for automated feeding of pulp through tubular piles for a breakthrough in the river bank.

A couple of screw piles are screwed into the soil base from a dredger under a break in the river bank. By means of quick-disconnect standard connections two flexible slurry pipelines are connected to the heads. The pulp is prepared with a draft of a cone of 8 ... 10 cm (GOST 10181-2000).

To the inlet flange, using a quick-connect 8, attach the slurry pipe suspended to the boom 3 dredging projectile. Operating from the remote control 4, the pulp pump 7 injects a plastic, pasty pulp into the pair of reaction tubes 10 (Fig. 2) and spew the pulp flow through the heels of the piles into the pound base (Fig. 3).

The following tasks have been solved:

- the process of erecting dumb dams of high reliability is automated;

- achieved max productivity of the process of construction of dams;

- max safety of works is ensured with min labor input and the cost of building dams in an emergency during catastrophic floods;

- prevented flooding of urban and other territories;

- created by a dirt dam block the flow of water in the breakthrough and stop the flood.

Item Names:

1 - dredger 1;

2 - dredger 2;

3 - crane 3 dredger 1;

4 - control panel 4;

5 - hopper 5 with perforated walls;

6 - high-pressure slurry pipeline 6;

7 - high-pressure pump 7;

8 - quick disconnect connections 8;

9 - unit for screwing 9;

10 - a pair of screw piles with heels 10;

11 - tick capture 11;

12 - winch 12 for adjusting the angle of inclination of screw piles;

List of literature

1. Large Encyclopedic Dictionary (BES). Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov. Ed. 2nd. M .: BDT, 1998, p. 1456.

2. A guide for the design of the roadbed of roads on soft soils (to SNiP 2.05.02-85). M., 1989, p. 75-84.

3. Nezhdanov K.K., Khvastunov V.L. Nezhdanov A.K. An automated method for the construction of monolithic foundations and walls of buildings. Russian patent No. 2424789 E02D 45/00, 47/00. Registered May 20, 2008, Bull. No. 14. Prototype.

4. Nezhdanov K.K., Nezhdanov A.K., Kuzmishkin A.A. The way the platform moves. Russian patent No. 2268189. Application No. 2004105061 dated 2004-02-19. Bull. No. 02. Published on January 20, 2006.

5. Nezhdanov K.K., Nezhdanov A.K., Artyushin D.V. Method for rolling hot rolled reinforcement of a periodic profile. RU 2467075 C2, IPC C21D 8/08 (2006.01), B21H 1/18 (2006.01), Е04С 5/04 (2006.01). Application: 2009 146726/02, 05.10.2009. Application submission date: 10/05/2009. Posted: 04/20/2011. Bull. No. 8. List of documents cited in the search report: RU 2406989 C2, 02.27.2007. RU 67140 U1, 10.10.2007, RU 2201818 C1, 04/10/2004. Published: November 20, 2012. Bull. Number 42.

Claims (1)

An automated way to create a dead dam in a river bank breakthrough to prevent flooding of urban areas, namely, that a suction dredger is equipped with a unit for screwing into the ground under a break in a river bank with pairs of reactive tubular piles with screw blades on the heels of clockwise and counterclockwise, synchronously screw a pair of jet piles, obliquely at an angle to the horizontal 30 ... 40 ° into the bottom of the breakthrough to the design depth, anchor with screw blades screw pairs of the heels of tubular piles in a soil base, quickly using flexible slurry pipelines, connect the heads of a pair of jet piles with pulp pumps connected to a bunker with perforated walls, dredging a gravel-sand pulp from the bottom of the river and feeding it into the receiving bunker, reducing the amount of water in the pulp, passing it through the perforated walls of the bunker and sending it back into the river, they regulate the plasticity of the pulp, adding a plasticizer, controlling high-pressure pulp pumps from the remote control, pump the pulp into one or another reactive pile, anchored in the massif nta at the design depth under the bottom of the breakthrough, plastic massive pulp is ejected from the screw heels of the pipes, the pulp pressure is controlled from the control panel, controlling its pressure with pressure gauges, the pulp is ejected from the heel of the piles, an intrusive / laccolite of growing volume under the heel of the piles is created under the bottom of the breakthrough in the shore, create upward thrust vector

increasing in volume of the intrusion, increase the thrust vector

in proportion to the ratio of the squares of the diameters of the outlet D from the heel of each pipe to the diameter d of the inlet in the head of each jet pile

, with strong reactive thrust of the erupted jets of pulp overcome the forces of gravity of the massif of soil above the intrusion under the breakthrough, jet thrust

they jack up the intrusion and the soil mass to the design level and the created soil dam block the flow of water in the breakthrough and stop the flood.

Images