RU2648548C1 - Rescue inflatable individual mean - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rescue operations.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to personal safety device of person on float. Rescue inflatable means comprises gas cylinder and elastic casing, made as a unit from inflatable badder with sectors-shoots and peripheral parts, which represent at ready-for-life waistcoat with peripheral parts packed into sector-shoots, with the possibility of dressing a waistcoat on the human body and fixation on its chest the sector-shoots with packed peripheral parts, with the possibility, under action of gas from the inflation balloon and the deployment of peripheral parts from the breastplate sectors of the waistcoat, to form in the working – inflated – state a closed hollow dome form, with the possibility of fixing a person inside and below the domed form and with the possibility of protruding peripheral extremities of the human body outwards between the peripheral parts. Shell is provided with no more than four peripheral parts and no more than four sector-shoots, with the possibility in the ready state, for example in packaged state in the form of waistcoat gird the human body from the back across shoulders and from the sides around the human torso.

EFFECT: increase in the possibility of saving man on float is achieved.

1 cl, 15 dwg

Description

The invention relates to individual means of saving a person on the water. It can be used in all spheres of human activity associated with the danger of his short and long stay in water.

Analogs of the proposed rescue device are:

1. Rescue tool (Patent RU 2533943 C1. Published: 11.27.2014), which is a boat with inflatable balloons around the perimeter, originally mounted on the back of a person in the form of a shoulder pack. The satchel cover and the bottom of the boat are connected by a long cord, which must be pulled out when it enters the water to straighten the rescue equipment into working condition. A protective tent is assembled by hand on the water. The described actions require skills and efforts that a person sometimes simply cannot perform due to weakness, injury or in a storm. There is no automatic discharge of the first large portion of water that gets into the boat when it is deployed on water in a storm. In addition, the described design dooms a person to an unstable position (“roll the field”), because the waves can turn the boat upside down, and the shifted center of gravity of the man-boat system will hold the bottom of the boat above the person. In addition, the head and face of a person are not protected from possible impacts by the wreckage of a shipwreck until a protective awning is manually assembled. In the specified analogue there is no convenience and guarantee of the aim pursued - an independent automatic bringing of the rescue vehicle to a working state that protects a person.

2. Inflatable life-saving single-seat aircraft raft PSN-1 (manufactured by JSC "Ufa Plant of Elastomeric Materials, Products and Structures" http://www.zhivaniye.ru/blog/tehnika/1173.html. Published: April 23, 2014), which is raft with inflatable balloons around the perimeter, with a wetsuit built into it with an opening for a person's face. Initially, the tool is stored in a bag, and in case of danger, a person moves along the deck of the vessel, holding the bag in one hand, which limits its actions, and then is thrown overboard with the rescue tool. The next significant drawback of the given raft is the need to get into it from the water, which is often impossible to accomplish due to weakness, injury to a person or in a storm. There is no automatic discharge of the first large portion of water that gets into the raft when it is deployed on water. In addition, when a person is in the water, his face is constantly exposed to water, air, the sun and birds of prey. The head and face of a person are not protected from possible impacts by the wreckage of a shipwreck. In the indicated raft there is no automatism of getting inside a person, convenience and guarantee of the aim pursued - saving the person.

3. Single liferaft (Patent RU 2550597 Published: 05/10/2015), which is a boat with perimeter cylinders filled with hardening foam. Initially, the product is stored in a bag, and in case of danger a person must throw it overboard, which limits its actions with one hand, and then it is thrown overboard after the life-saving tool. The disadvantage is the restriction of actions by hand. Binding a person to a life-saving tool with a long line is dangerous because it can entangle arms or legs in it. The next significant drawback of the given raft is the need to get into it from the water, which is often impossible to accomplish due to weakness, injury to a person or in a storm. There is no automatic discharge of the first large portion of water that gets into the raft when it is deployed on water. The disadvantage is its one-time use due to the filling of the cavities with hardening foam.

4. An inflatable life jacket (Video - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8k3WHvaULs. Published: May 21, 2014), representing a vest encircling a person’s back and chest, with an inflatable camera hidden in a vest pocket on "Velcro" - "Velcro", opening under the influence of gas from a carbon dioxide cylinder. However, the vest does not protect a person from cold water, nor from marine predators, nor from birds, nor from the sun and wind, which threatens the life of a person with prolonged exposure to water.

5. Rescue device (Patent RU 2397914. Published: 08/27/2010), which is a ball that automatically opens under the action of gas from a balloon from the shoulder pack around a person in emergency and closes with Velcro - Velcro along the connection line 2- x halves of the ball. A person is located in a ball of large diameter (judging by the description, more than the height of a person) in the "standing" position along the axis of rotation of the ball. In a state of readiness for use, there are many tools in the satchel, namely: a two-layer dense shell of a large-diameter ball with several stiffeners and a heat-insulating lining, a gas cylinder or a squib, a telephone, a beacon, solar panels, a water pumping device, an oar device, tubes and viewing lenses, valves, etc. etc. All of these devices are placed in a shoulder pack, which in an emergency, according to the author, should open around a person under the influence of gas or a squib. The listed abundance of devices, for sure, will complicate, and possibly make it impossible to open a ball from a satchel around a person. And the correct spontaneous connection of “stickies” along the cut line of 2 halves of the ball during their collapse is generally unlikely, especially in a dense environment - water or during gusts of a gale, i.e. a closed streamlined figure and the reliability of the connection of the halves of the rescue vehicle are not guaranteed. Manual expansion of improperly closed stickies along the closing line of 2 halves of the ball requires additional efforts from a person who may be weakened, wounded or unconscious. Moreover, these "Velcro", judging by the size of the ball, are located from a person at a distance of 1-1.2 meters or more (especially below and above), i.e. to fix the "Velcro" with your hands from the inside in this situation is simply impossible. In addition, these packaged numerous devices make the backpack very heavy, voluminous and, therefore, inconvenient when moving through the compartments of the ship. The location of a person in an inflated rescue vehicle in the "standing" position in the lower part of the axis of rotation of the ball guarantees a person in water a large amplitude of unpredictable fluctuations by the will of the wind and waves even in relatively calm weather. Moreover, such a placement of a person inside a rescue vehicle in a standing position is very inconvenient; a person has to hang on the straps of a satchel or stand on an incomprehensible support. Removing water from a rescue device requires additional actions from a person, for example, manually starting up a water pumping device, which is not always possible due to loss of consciousness. In addition, the large dimensions of a ball with a diameter larger than a person’s height do not allow him to act with his hands and feet outside an inflated rescue vehicle, making a person helpless, for example, in front of shipwreck and ice debris. It is extremely inconvenient to leave the self-described rescue tool, as to do this, you have to unfasten the "Velcro", and if the inflatable shell is damaged, every second is expensive; you can get confused in the tissues of the shells and in many devices.

6. The closest analogue is the Rescue inflatable individual vehicle (Patent RU 2609182. Published on January 30, 2017), which is in working condition a gas-filled double-walled domed shape made of water-gas-tight elastic material with the person placed inside it in the “lying” position and face up . The rescue tool is a single double-walled inflatable chamber, consisting of a satchel-vest, five appendages-sectors, which are integral parts and an extension of the vest, and five peripheral parts, which in turn are an extension of appendages-sectors of the vest, and which are in advance (in a state of readiness) Fastex fasteners are fixed to each other, providing a reliable connection to each other in an emergency. Five peripheral parts in a state of readiness are packed in the five mentioned appendages-sectors and fixed with the help of “Velcro” along the curly line in the form of a vest. The vest, if necessary, is worn on board the vessel. In water A life-saving tool - a vest is automatically or manually brought into a working - inflated state by pushing its peripheral parts from the processes of the sectors of the vest under the action of expanding gas. As a result, the Rescue Tool is a streamlined, enclosed, domed, almost hermetic shape with five slots - the closing lines of the peripheral parts of the vest, and a person who is in the “lying” position inside the Rescue Tool has the ability to pull and stretch his legs and arms outward through these five slots.

The first significant drawback of this Rescue Tool is the presence of five appendages, sectors, of which one, the lower (inguinal), after dressing on the human body is between his legs. This process-sector, located in the groin of a person, interferes with the movement of a person on a ship and makes it difficult to overcome obstacles, thereby reducing the possibility of salvation.

This fifth process-sector, located in the groin - in a clamped state between the legs of a person, complicates the opening of the Rescue Tool in case of danger.

In addition, the presence of five appendages-sectors determines the presence of five cuts - the connection lines of the peripheral parts of the Life-saving Tool, each of which is a potential way of penetrating sea water, especially in stormy weather, which increases the risk of overcooling a person and also reduces the possibility of his salvation.

The same negative role is played by two sub-head processes, sectors, between which there is also an extra slot - the connection line of the peripheral parts of the Rescue Tool, which is also a potential way of penetrating sea water, increasing the risk of human hypothermia.

T.O. the five peripheral parts of the Rescue Tool are five potentially dangerous routes for the penetration of sea water, reducing the effect of saving a person.

In addition, a person who is in a closed, opaque (orange) Rescue vehicle is deprived of the opportunity to constantly observe the surrounding situation at sea and respond quickly to changing situations, which may negatively affect his salvation.

T.O. with all the attractiveness of the streamlined (dome-shaped) form of a life-saving tool that protects a person from the external environment, with the reliability of its bringing into working condition, and also with the possibility of its storage in a backpack, this analogue has three disadvantages:

- inconvenience of movement on the ship;

- five slots-lines connecting the peripheral parts of the Rescue Tool, dangerous for access to sea water inside;

- lack of a constant review of the world.

Therefore, the objectives of the present invention are the following:

- optimization of the number of appendages-sectors of the vest, to facilitate the movement of people on the ship and the effective disclosure of the Rescue Tool;

- reducing the number of slots-lines of the connections of the peripheral parts of the Rescue Tool to reduce the likelihood of overboard water, especially during a storm;

- providing a person with a permanent opportunity to view the world around him.

The technical result of the present invention should be a comprehensive solution aimed at increasing the possibility of saving human life on water.

Specifically, this is solved by the following essential features of the invention.

A decrease in the number (less than five) of the appendage sectors of the vest (item 2) of the life-saving tool due to the inguinal - between the legs of a person (Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10), as a result, creates the convenience of dressing and wearing a vest and enables a person to more move around the deck of the vessel, in particular, climbing over fences.

The indicated decrease in the number (less than five) of the appendage sectors of the vest (item 2) of the Rescue Tool - due to the inguinal (between the legs of the person), as a result, it facilitates the peripheral parts (item 1) to release the vest from the appendix sectors.

A decrease in the number (less than five) of the peripheral parts (item 1 of Fig. 11, 12), as a result, leads to a decrease in the slots "B" - the connection lines of the peripheral parts (item 1) and, as a result, reduces the likelihood of penetration of sea water inside the rescue tool.

Transparent inserts - “windows” (pos. 9) enable a person to constantly monitor changes in the environment and take timely necessary measures for his salvation (for example, to row his hands to the shore), which, as a result, increases the chances of salvation.

Thus, the essential features of the rescue tool used improve the desired technical result for saving the person, facilitating the movement on the vessel, reducing the likelihood of water entering the rescue tool and making it possible to constantly monitor the environment.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The design and essential details of the rescue equipment are described in the following drawings:

FIG. 1 - Appearance of a rescue tool in a working inflated condition on the water: view from the side of the head of a person inside.

FIG. 2 - Appearance of a rescue vehicle in an inflated working condition; side view.

FIG. 3 - Appearance of the rescue vehicle in the inflated working condition - top view.

FIG. 4 - Section of a rescue vehicle along the lines of connection of peripheral parts in a working inflated condition on the water (human legs are stuck out).

FIG. 5 - Section of a rescue tool along the lines of connection of the peripheral parts in a working inflated condition on the water (human legs are pulled into the rescue tool).

FIG. 6 - Section of a rescue vehicle along the lines of connection of peripheral parts in a working inflated condition on the water (view from the head; legs pulled inward).

FIG. 7 - Development of a life-saving vest. (The area of the vest is indicated by shading. The fasteners of pos. 4 and the straps of pos. 8 are not shaded).

FIG. 8 - Development of a life-saving vest. (The two upper side fasteners “fastex”, pos. 3 are fastened, forming holes “E” for the convenience of threading hands when putting the vest on the body. The area of the vest is indicated by shading. The fasteners of pos. 4 and the straps of pos. 8 are not shaded).

FIG. 9 - A life-saving tool in the form of a vest is dressed on a person; the processes of the vest sector (pos. 2) are closed on the chest and abdomen of a person; the fasteners of the peripheral parts of the rescue equipment and the vest are fastened. (The shading indicates the vest).

FIG. 10 - A life-saving tool in the form of a vest is dressed on a person; the appendages of the vest sector (pos. 2) are wide open; fasteners of the peripheral parts of the rescue tool pos. 3. unfastened; vest fasteners pos. 4, fastening it to the human body is fastened. (The area of the vest is indicated by shading. The fasteners of pos. 4 and the straps of pos. 8 are not shaded).

FIG. 11 - Full scan of the rescue tool (shown surface adjacent to the human body); peripheral parts (pos. 1) of the rescue vehicle are removed from the appendages of the vest sectors (pos. 2). (The area of the vest is indicated by shading. The fasteners of pos. 4 and the straps of pos. 8 are not shaded.).

FIG. 12 - Full scan rescue tool - the outer surface. (The shading indicates the area of the vest.).

FIG. 13 - Fastener fasteners (pos. 3) fastening of the peripheral parts of the rescue equipment with the help of “Velcro” (pos. 10), which protects the tearing of the peripheral parts from the appendages of the vest sectors when dressing.

FIG. 14 - The position of the “Velcro” (pos. 10), securing the vest along its curly perimeter, on the rescue vehicle in working condition “on the water”.

FIG. 15 - Placement of fastex fasteners (item 3) on the inner surface of the peripheral parts of the rescue tool, providing a tight closure of its peripheral parts.

The implementation of the invention

The rescue tool in working condition is a hollow streamlined (for example, spherical) shape with an external size of about 1.2 meters from a water-impermeable orange material with peripheral parts pos. 1 (Fig. 3, 4, 5, 12) and a common bottom with double walls for filling the inter-wall space with gas (item 5) with a specific gravity less than air. The material of the rescue tool can be a hydrophobic impregnated textile polyester used in the above liferaft (Patent RU 2550597), or made of rubberized fabric used in the above PSN-1 liferaft or polyurethane. These fabrics are so firmly glued or welded that the seams become stronger than the fabric itself (Article by D. Talin and E. Shumkova: - http://katera.ru/files/magazines/227/075-078.pdf Published: May 21, 2014 . or the magazine "BOATS and YACHTS", 2010, No. 5 (227), pp. 75-78). The outer surfaces of the rescue equipment are equipped with reflective tapes (not shown in the drawings). In the ready state, the life-saving tool is a vest (Fig. 7, 8, 9, 10), encircling a person with four sectors - processes of poses. 2 (Fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) from the back: - from the sides around the torso of a person and through his shoulders, and connected to the chest and abdomen of a person using the well-known fastex fasteners . Four top clasps pos. 3 (Fig., 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) are fastened when dressing the rescue tool on a person and are designed to connect the peripheral points of the rescue tool so that in the working (inflated, floating) state they are already buttoned in advance. Three clasps poses. 4 (Fig. 5, 7, 8, 10, 11) with straps (pos. 8) are also fastened when dressing a life-saving tool in the form of a vest on a person and are intended for fastening the vest to the human body, ensuring afloat fixation of a person in a comfortable position lying ”always face up and down the life-saving tool. In order not to confuse the fasteners (vest and its peripheral parts) during dressing, their sizes and configurations are chosen different. The material of the vest can be used especially durable for reliable storage.

The full scan of the rescue tool shown in FIG. 11, 12, is a scan, for example, of a ball with three peripheral parts (pos. 1), which are stored for storage in the appendages of the vest sector (pos. 2), like in a pocket, like a purse bag, “in itself” . This method of packaging is widely known and published on 08/07/2011 on the website http://women-on-line.ru/publ/prochee_rukodelie/originalnaja_sumka_svoimi_rukami/58-1-00-660. The vest with the peripheral parts of the life-saving device tucked into its processes-sectors along the curly perimeter is fixed with “Velcro” pos. 10 (Fig. 7, 8, 11, 12). The resulting comfortable figured vest makes it easy to put it on the human body using its anatomy; those. each appendix-sector of the vest encircles a person from behind him to the chest (from the sides of the torso and across the shoulders), as shown in Figs. 9, 10. So the vest is a figured pocket for storing an inflatable rescue vehicle - a common inflatable chamber. Fastex lateral fasteners (pos. 3) are pre-fastened (when packaging), forming holes “E” for ease of threading hands (Fig. 8). The optimal number of process-sectors is - four; with this amount, the vest is conveniently worn on the shoulders of a person and is securely fixed on his chest. However, you can apply three or even two processes-sectors (with the peripheral parts packed in them), for example, sacrificing the shoulder sectors-processes and leaving only two encircling the human torso. But such a number of appendage-sectors can lead to inconvenience of putting on a vest and unreliable connection of peripheral parts in a working (inflated) state.

In the proposed solution, three slots "B" (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12) between the peripheral parts of the rescue tool are made of unequal length, namely: one slot is made so that in the working-inflated state of the legs a person in a half-bent state would find themselves above the water (Fig. 4) and two side slots are made almost to the bottom - for self-draining the first portion of water that got inside the rescue tool when it is opened, and for the ability to use your hands outside the rescue tool (Fig. 6 ) The three peripheral parts of the rescue tool, due to their elasticity, are easily packaged in the above four appendages. It is possible to arrange a fourth peripheral part and a fourth slot - above the person’s head - for the convenience of packing the Rescue Tool in a satchel - a vest, but this is not necessary, because at the same time, the fourth slot “B” appears, fraught with the extra possibility of water penetrating into stormy stormy weather. It is possible to arrange even two peripheral parts of the rescue tool (with two “B” slots). At the same time, the rescue tool in the working - inflated state will represent two closed domed halves. But this will reduce the person’s ability to use arms and legs outside, weaken the reliability of the connection of the entire device and, ultimately, reduce the effectiveness of the rescue tool.

Based on the foregoing, it is preferable to use four process sectors of the vest and three peripheral parts, packed in four process sectors.

And the peripheral parts of the life-saving tool, and the appendages of the vest sector, and the shoulder part of the vest make up a single chamber filled with gas (item 5) from the balloon when a person enters the water. The general chamber of the rescue equipment, which can be converted into a figured vest, does not require an additional satchel, bag, bag or other storage container. The chamber is divided into several compartments (according to the number of peripheral parts) connected by bypass valves, providing gas filling of all compartments from one or two carbon dioxide cylinders, mounted on the inside of the vest. The principle of separation into compartments has already been applied in the PSN-1 liferaft, described above as an example. Gas filling of compartments through gas pipelines begins with headroom compartments to maintain a person’s head above water in the first minute of being in water. A gas cylinder (s) can be triggered automatically (from a known water-soluble tablet) when a person enters the water or from a manual drive (similar to the “Inflatable Life Jacket” described above). When a person enters the water, the peripheral parts of the rescue device under the action of the released gas (pos. 5) are inflated, and the “Velcro” pos. 10 (Fig. 13, 14) and are released from the processes of the sectors of the vest. This principle is applied in the “Lifebuoy Inflatable,” described above as an example. The peripheral parts of the rescue equipment (for example, the ball) rise up above the person and, thanks to the fastened fasteners “fastex” pos. 3 (Fig. 15), close tightly, preventing overboard water from entering the life-saving appliance. A person automatically, without his participation, is placed inside a life-saving device (Fig. 4, 6), which is very important, because a person may be weakened, wounded or unconscious in the water and could not independently bring the life-saving tool to working condition and fix it peripheral points. The legs and arms of a person can be pulled into the rescue tool, after which the person in the form of a “fist” is in an almost hermetic space (Fig. 5). The biased fixed center of gravity of the “life-saving tool-man” system ensures a person’s constant position in the “lying” position below the life-saving tool and face up. The first portion of water that gets into the life-saving device when it is opened, as the life-saving device is inflated, pours out between its peripheral parts in the “B” slot in the places of the arms and legs protruded.

After the external and internal water levels are leveled and a person “comes to his senses” after the shock of a shipwreck, the remaining water is pumped out using a manual pump (from the “survival reserve” pos. 6 (Fig. 10) through a pipe brought out through any slot between the peripheral parts of a rescue tool.

In order to avoid "leakage" of the hands and feet, they can be temporarily put out into the slot "B" between the peripheral parts of the rescue tool (Figs. 4, 5, 6). These slots also allow you to peer out and act with your hands and feet (e.g. grab a life line, push away wreckage or ice floes).

For a constant overview of the environment, transparent “windows”, pos., Are inserted into the walls of the inflatable chamber. 9 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 12) of a polyurethane film having gas impermeability, elasticity, high strength, the ability to weld and bond. The indicated properties of the polyurethane film are well described on the website http://www.mirtentov.ru/category_77.html (MirTentov LLC 2006 - 2017 Moscow) and in an article by D. Talin and E. Shumkova: (http: // katera .ru / files / magazines / 227 / 075-078.pdf Published: May 21, 2014 or the magazine “CATERINGS and YACHTS”, 2010, No. 5 (227), pp. 75-78).

The lower part of the rescue device has stabilizers pos. 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 4, 5), which are simultaneously straightened processes of the sectors of the vest, which give stability to the funds in a horizontal surface position. The fulfillment of two functions - as a “repository of packaged life-saving appliances” and as “surface stabilizers” - is achieved by curvilinear patterning of material, similar to patterns of a lifejacket or rafts described above as examples.

In order to avoid unnecessarily inflating the rescue tool in the lower part, its outer and inner walls on the back are connected by a jumper pos. 7 (Fig. 6).

A flexible heat insulator is laid under the back of a person to avoid hypothermia of the back (not shown in the drawings).

The rescue tool is supplied with a "survival margin" pos. 6 (Fig. 10): a cylinder (or cylinders) with gas, a flashlight, a device for blowing the chamber with air (similar to the PSN-1 aviation raft), gas relief valves, a supply of drink, a radio beacon, and a hand pump. "Survival reserve" is attached to the inner surface of the vest (adjacent to the human body), without interfering with the peripheral parts to straighten out of the vest.

As a result of using the proposed product in the first minutes of being in water, a person is afloat in a comfortable position and isolated from many external influences. The optimal number of slots "B", for example three or four, allows you to "stretch" your arms and legs and act on them outside the life-saving tool, increasing the chances of human survival. If necessary, the rescue tool is easily unfastened, and the person leaves it.

Claims (2)

1. Rescue inflatable means containing a gas cylinder and an elastic shell, made as a whole from an inflatable chamber with process sectors and peripheral parts, representing in a ready state a vest with peripheral parts packed in process sectors, with the possibility of putting on a vest on the human body and fixation on its chest of the process sectors with the peripheral parts packed in them, with the possibility of gas from the balloon inflating and deployment of peripheral parts from the breast sectors of the process ile, with the formation in a working - inflated - state of a closed hollow domed figure, with the possibility of fixing a person inside and below the domed figure and with the possibility of a person sticking his legs and arms outward between the peripheral parts, characterized in that the shell is provided with no more than four peripheral parts and no more than four process sectors, with the possibility of being in a ready state, for example, in a packaged state in the form of a vest, encircling a person’s body from the back through the shoulders and from the sides around the torso of a person ka. 2. The rescue tool, according to claim 1, characterized by the presence of transparent sealed inserts in the walls of the shell of the rescue tool for the possibility of a person observing the environment and operational adequate actions.

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