RU2648405C1 - Fodders grinder-mixer-dispenser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building. Device contains a conical hopper mounted on the mobile frame. Inside the hopper there is a conical auger (3) with helical winding, on which edge horizontal blades are installed. Auger (3) has additional vertical blades (9) forming with horizontal knives (8) two-plane cutting segments, which are removable and have crescent-shaped arc-shaped toothed cutting edges. In the conical auger lower part, separately from the helical winding, there is an auger sector made in the form of a 1/6 part of the auger helical winding, on which the scraper is fixed.

EFFECT: enabling improved efficiency and quality of grinding, reducing power consumption for the working process, reducing time and increasing uniformity in the of cauline fodders grinding, as well as a more even unloading.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

Known shredders-mixers-feed distributors (brochures from Kuhn, Trioliet, Faresin, Mayer, Unifast Seko, Tatoma, etc.), including a hopper mounted on a mobile frame in the form of an inverted truncated cone, the bottom of which is made in the form of a circle, and the upper base is in the form of an elongated open ellipse. A screw is installed inside the hopper with a reduction in the diameter of the turns from the largest in the lower part to the smallest in the upper one. Knives are fixed on the auger turns. There is an unloading hole in the front or rear wall of the hopper, which is blocked by a flap, under which a conveyor is installed, directing the feed to the feeder and to the aft buffet passage. The auger is driven from the tractor's PTO via a cardan gear and a bevel-helical gearbox.

The closest in design known chopper-mixer-distributor of feed (patent No. 2283577, IPC A01F 29/00, published January 20, 2006), including a conical hopper mounted on a mobile frame, inside of which there is a conical screw with screw winding, on the edge of which horizontal knives.

The disadvantages of the known designs of choppers-mixers-feed distributors are: the influence of the cutting edges of the knives on the material in only one plane, since the random arrangement of the stems, the high unevenness of the feed and the significant grinding time of the stalk feed, which dramatically reduces their productivity, as well as high energy costs for grinding.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency and quality of grinding by reducing the cutting force, reducing the power on the work process, reducing time and increasing the uniformity of grinding of stalk feed, as well as a more uniform discharge.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the chopper-mixer-distributor of feed, including a conical hopper mounted on a mobile frame, inside of which there is a conical screw with screw winding, on the edge of which horizontal knives are installed, according to the invention, the auger has additional vertical knives forming with horizontal knives two-plane cutting segments, which are removable and have sickle-shaped arched toothed cutting edges, while in the lower part of the conical screw separately about helical winding sector set screw, made in the form of 1/6 of the helical winding of the screw, on which is mounted a scraper.

The novelty of the proposed proposal is due to the fact that, in comparison with the prototype, the proposed design solutions allow you to: increase productivity by improving the quality of grinding and reduce the time for grinding stalk feed, provide the required unevenness of the feed mixtures and reduce the amount of feed remaining in the hopper due to forced removal of material particles from the hopper an additional scraper installed on the auger sector to reduce energy intensity by increasing the proportion of slipping cutting and reducing the speed of the conical screw, as well as increasing the operational reliability of the machine by reducing shock loads and vibrations.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

In FIG. 1 shows a chopper-mixer-feed distributor;

in FIG. 2 - the same, top view;

in FIG. 3 - auger working body with horizontal and additional vertical knives (in a perspective view);

in FIG. 4 - auger working body with solid biplane sickle segments;

in FIG. 5 - auger sector with a scraper (top view);

in FIG. 6 - two-plane sickle-shaped cutting segment.

The chopper-mixer-feed dispenser includes a conical hopper 2 mounted on a mobile frame 1 in the form of an inverted truncated cone, the bottom of which is made in the form of a circle, and the upper base is in the form of an elongated open ellipse. A screw 3 is installed inside the hopper with a reduction in the diameter of the turns from the largest in the lower part to the smallest in the upper one. On the edge of the screw turns, vertical knives 9 (Fig. 6) are fixed, forming integral two-plane cutting segments with horizontal knives 8 (Fig. 6) (see Fig. 4), or knives consisting of two mutually perpendicular planes fixed separately from each other - horizontal 4 and vertical 5 (see Fig. 3), while the vertical knives have a crescent-shaped arcuate toothed cutting edge, in the lower part of the shaft of the conical screw there is a sector 6 made in the form of 1/6 of the screw auger, and a scraper 7.

Chopper-mixer-distributor of feeds is as follows.

Before loading the feed components into the hopper 2, close the discharge window shutter and turn on the PTO (not indicated in the drawings). Then feed the stalked feed in bulk or in compressed form. Pressed feed (rolls, large bales) initially hangs on the upper turn of the screw 3 and is gradually destroyed by knives located in the vertical plane into large parts that, falling down, fall under the influence of knives located in the horizontal plane and then circulate along the shaft axis due to the impact of an additionally installed auger sector 6 (Fig. 3) with a fixed scraper 7 (Fig. 5), moving along the upper surface of the screw winding, the stalk feed is crushed due to sliding cutting when moving it along curved cutting edges of a vertical plane. In this case, the feed to be chopped, falling on the notched cutting edge of the horizontal plane, is first compacted to a certain limit, and then cut. When compaction of the feed, a lateral force arises, which coincides in direction with the lateral force arising from the cutting, as a result of which the proportion of sliding cutting increases and, as a result, the energy consumption for grinding the feed is reduced. The serrated cutting edge of the vertical plane captures the feed material, compacts to a certain limit and, due to sliding along the serrated edge, cuts it. Due to the misoriented intake of feed material, the material of the cutting segment is affected in various directions (multi-plane cutting, in particular longitudinal-transverse). In addition, given that part of the transmitted force at the inlet of the vertical plane into the feed mass is extinguished by the arc profile of the plane itself, then during the operation of the chopper-mixer-feed distributor, shock loads and vibration are significantly reduced, therefore, its service life is increased.

Without waiting for the complete grinding of the stalked feed, the unit moves to the following storages and is loaded with feed of a different kind. At the end of loading, the unit moves to the places of delivery, while the feed is mixed and finally crushed. When approaching the feeders, the driver opens the shutter of the unloading window and, moving along the feeders at the speed necessary to ensure a given rate of delivery, distributes feed mixtures. The rate of delivery of feed mixtures can also be changed by the value of the opening of the discharge window.

When the shutter is open, the sector additionally installed in the lower part of the conical shaft, made in the form of a 1/6 turn of the screw, with a fixed scraper, intensifies the unloading of the finished material on the unloading conveyor, which increases the uniformity of distribution of the feed mixture.

Claims (1)

A chopper-mixer-feed distributor comprising a conical hopper mounted on a mobile frame, inside of which there is a conical screw with screw winding, horizontal knives are installed on its edge, characterized in that the auger has additional vertical knives forming two-plane cutting segments with horizontal knives, which made removable and have a crescent-shaped arcuate toothed cutting edges, while in the lower part of the conical screw, a screw sector is installed separately from the screw winding, made in the form of 1/6 of the screw winding of the screw, on which the scraper is fixed.

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