RU2645686C2 - Method of foundation construction and how it is set up - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method of compound foundation construction includes preparing the foundation pit bottom for the sole of the load bearing structural component of the foundation, producing the structural component of the foundation, and forming a load bearing ground structural component of the foundation. The foundation is compound and is made of load bearing ground and prefabricated structural components. The soil is extruded by the shock action of a falling heavy rammer with given geometric parameters of the sole of a plane-convex rotation shape and simultaneous concomitant formation of a densified core in the form of a circular cone of a load bearing ground structural component of the foundation. A precast reinforced concrete foundation slab with a coaxially located and rigidly connected rod concrete post with a sole in the shape of rotation and geometric parameters of a rammer which is equivalent to the sole is laid in a deepening of the base of the load bearing ground structural component of the foundation. The precast reinforced concrete frusto-conical shell is mounted coaxially on the foundation slab on the distribution layer from the freshly applied cement-sand mortar. The anti-corrosion ring of the base of the shell cone is rigidly connected to the foundation slab by performing monolithic reinforced concrete "rivets" of reinforcing anchors and cast concrete on a shallow aggregate. The upper frusto-conical end of the support column is rigidly connected by embedment with cement-sand mortar in a cylindrical cavity coaxially located in the hard disk of truncation of the shell of the bearing precast structural component of the foundation.

EFFECT: increased stability, bearing capacity of the foundation, quality, reliability, technical and economic efficiency and competitive ability of the foundation, consisting of a single facility of load bearing ground and structural components, providing new conditions for interaction of the composite soil foundation with its soil-compacted foundation.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to the construction, in particular to the construction of foundations of industrial and civil buildings and structures.

A known method of construction of precast concrete foundations in the form of a hyperbolic paraboloid, a shell of precast concrete which is mounted on a construction site in a flat bottom pit. The shell cavity is filled in the factory with a material that replaces the soil (see Tetior A.N. Design and construction of cost-effective foundation designs. - Kiev: Budivelnik, 1975, pp. 76-150). The disadvantages of the method are: significant labor and material costs; high cost of manufacturing, transportation and installation of the foundation.

Known prefabricated reinforced concrete foundation, including prefabricated reinforced concrete shell in the form of a hyperbolic paraboloid, the cavity of which is filled in the factory with a material that replaces the soil (see Tetior A.N. Design and construction of cost-effective construction of foundations. - Kiev: "Budivelnik", 1975, p. 76-150). The disadvantages of the foundation are: significant consumption of aggregate; the aggregate is flexible, which allows an arbitrary change in the stress-strain state in its body; the flat sole of the foundation, which forms a saddle-like diagram of the stresses that are in contact with the base, makes it difficult to determine its physically calculated maximum possible bearing capacity.

The closest technical solution is the method of constructing a monolithic foundation from structural and soil building elements. In the manufacture of a structural building element, including the preparation of the bottom of the pit for the sole, the device of an external monolithic reinforced concrete shell of a truncated-conical shape with a broadening in the lower part of the wall with a rigid filling material placed in it and the formation of a compacted soil core, under the sole of the structural element in the soil below a flat flattened the surface of the bottom of the pit, coaxially with the foundation under construction, deepen the plane-convex-concave rotation in accordance with the given geometric pa dimensions; the aggregate is made fractionally structural from a clay-cement-sand composition of one design grade for the strength of its material; the filling material is placed in an inventory composite conical formwork, coaxially located with a recess in the soil, layered, distributed by the outline of the horizontal rows of lump clay fractions, followed by pouring each row of the outline with a cement-sand mortar of flowing consistency and its composition, providing the design strength of the aggregate after hardening, after filling of the first section, the formwork is increased by the second section with a rigid connection and is filled in the same way as the previous one with filling m materials under further stacking operation is repeated until the designed height filler; the sole of the structural building element is carried out in a plane-concave-convex form of rotation according to the given geometric parameters of the recess in the soil, used as soil formwork, by first laying the fractional structural composite aggregate material in it and then the concrete mixture in the lower part of the broadening of the wall of the conical shell; the soil building element is formed under the flat-concave-convex sole of the structural building element by the action of the calculated pressing load on the foundation foundation soil, as a compacted core, in the form of a circular cone of maximally and uniformly compacted soil along its entire height with an angle at its apex equal to two values angle of internal friction of the soil (see Patent for the invention RU No. 2482245 C2, IPC E02D 01/27/2006. "Method for the construction of the foundation and its device"; author: L. Borozenets; application: 2011108866/03, 03/09/2011; published: 05/20/2013 Bulletin No. 14), adopted as a prototype.

For reasons that impede the achievement of the following technical result when using the known method adopted for the prototype, include the fact that the method requires significant costs associated with the serial device of the filler and shell; the use of two types of formwork for aggregate and foundation shell; the manufacture of a concave-concave-convex recess with predetermined geometric parameters as a formwork in the soil under the sole of the structural element of the foundation with the removal of soil from the volume of the recess without compaction; the formation of a compacted core in the form of a circular cone attached to the sole of a structural element occurs during the construction of the aerial part of the structure and the associated uneven elevated sediments; significant duration of the construction period; significant material and labor costs.

A well-known monolithic foundation, including a structural building element, from a monolithic reinforced concrete shell of a truncated-conical shape with a broadening of the lower part of the wall and a rigid aggregate placed in the lei, has an aggregate of the same strength fractional structural material from a clay-cement-sand composition and contains a flat base -concave-convex rotation with specified geometric parameters. The soil building element, including the compacted core of the soil, has the shape of a circular cone of maximally and uniformly compacted soil along its entire height, with a flat-convex-concave shape of the base of the cone, with an angle at its apex equal to two values of the angle of internal friction of the soil (see Patent for the invention RU No. 2482245 C2, IPC E02D 01/27/2006. "Method of construction of the foundation and its device"; author: L. Borozenets; application: 2011108866/03, 03/09/2011; publ.: 05.20.2013. Bulletin No. 14), adopted as a prototype.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result indicated below when using the well-known foundation adopted as a prototype include the fact that the compressibility of the shell and aggregate materials has different parameters; the shell works on spacer efforts from the filler, which requires additional increased reinforcement of its wall; material consumption has a significant mass, which increases the load on the soil of the base.

The invention consists in the following.

The claimed group of inventions is aimed at solving the problem - the introduction into the construction industry of composite soil and structural foundations, consisting of: a bearing soil building element of the foundation in the form of a compacted core, pre-formed by soil displacing shock impacts of a falling heavy rammer to a depth S, in the form of an inverted circular cone with a simultaneous concomitant formation at the base of the inverted cone of a rammed flat-concave rotation with specified geom the metric parameters of the recess; from a prefabricated reinforced concrete structural building element of the foundation, tightly mated in the recess of the base of the cone by means of its sole, including a prefabricated reinforced concrete slab of factory manufacture with a flat-convex form of rotation, with geometric parameters of the sole adequate to the parameters of a flat-concave form of rotation of the recess in the base of the cone, equipped with coaxially located and rigidly sealed support pillar with an upper end, crowned by a truncated cone, in a concentric circle the projection radius R on the upper plane, the plate is equipped with 12 reinforcing anchors evenly spaced through 30 °; factory-made prefabricated reinforced concrete truncated-conical shell, equipped at the base of the cone with a rigidly connected concentrically arranged anti-spacer ring containing 12 through holes uniformly spaced through 30 ° along the concentric circle of the design radius R, in the form of an inverted truncated cone, crowned by a rigidly connected disk and a glass under a column in the truncated upper part of the shell containing a coaxial cylindrical-conical through-cavity; a distribution layer of cement-sand mortar 40 mm thick, laid on the edge of the foundation plate under the sole of the anti-expansion ring of the shell during installation; 12 reinforced concrete "rivets" structurally rigidly combining the precast plate and the anti-expansion ring of the precast shell; cement-sand casting into the space between the inner surface of the cylindrical-conical cavity in the hard disk and the outer surface of the truncated cylindrical-conical shape of the upper end of the support column, coaxially inserted during installation into the cavity, for their rigid structural combination.

The technical result is the implementation of new conditions for the interaction of previously created by compaction of the bearing ground construction element of the foundation with its prepared compacted soil foundation, prefabricated foundation slab of the load-bearing prefabricated structural building element of the foundation with the load-bearing ground construction element of the foundation and the prefabricated shell of the load-bearing prefabricated structural building element with its foundation plate, significantly increasing stability, bearing capacity, quality The reliability, feasibility and competitiveness of both the soil foundation and the composite foundation.

The specified single technical result in the implementation of the group of inventions on the object-method is achieved by the fact that a composite foundation is constructed from bearing soil and prefabricated structural building elements of the foundation, with the device of the bearing soil building element of the foundation, including the preparation of the bottom of the pit, the formation of a compacted soil core in the form of an inverted cone soil displacing impacts of a falling heavy rammer with simultaneous ramming of the recess a plano-concave shape of rotation on geometrical parameters specify the laying foundation slab modular structural building element in a ground base of the cone, below the prepared flat surface aligned on the bottom of the excavation depth value S vytrambovyvaniya coaxially with the foundation to construct a composite; stacking a precast concrete slab in a recess tightly conjugated by means of its sole with the base of the cone of the soil construction element; on the edge of the slab is installed, on the distribution layer of a freshly laid cement-sand mortar with a thickness of 40 mm under the anti-spacer ring coaxially with the support pillar of the slab, a precast reinforced concrete shell with a tight seal for mating the upper end of the support pillar of the slab with a hard disk in the upper part of the truncation of the shell of cement-sand mortar; the prefabricated shell with an anti-spacer ring in its lower part is rigidly connected to the prefabricated foundation plate using 12 reinforced concrete “rivets”, including reinforcing anchors and cast concrete with fine aggregate.

The specified single technical result in the implementation of the group of inventions for the object device is achieved by the fact that the composite foundation consists of bearing soil and prefabricated structural building elements; that the bearing ground construction element of the foundation, including the compacted core of the soil, has the shape of an inverted circular cone of maximally and uniformly compacted soil along its entire height, with a flat-concave shape of the base of the cone, with an angle at its apex equal to two values of the angle of internal friction of the soil ϕ; that the bearing prefabricated structural building element of the foundation includes a prefabricated reinforced concrete slab with a flat-convex rotation sole with predetermined geometric parameters, with a centrally located support column and 12 reinforcing anchors, a truncated conical reinforced concrete shell with an anti-expansion ring in its lower part having 12 inverted-conical through holes for reinforced concrete “rivets” and with a hard drive with a glass for a column in the upper truncated part, contains Chewing through a cylindrical-conical cavity for rigid connection with the supporting column of the plate, centrally located inside the shell; rigidly interconnected into a single structure using a cement-sand mortar, placed on a plate under the anti-spacer ring of the shell and poured into the cavity of the hard drive and the glass, monolithic reinforced concrete "rivets" made of cast concrete mixture on fine aggregate.

A causal relationship between the totality of the essential features listed above and the above technical result. Tamping the recesses into the soil to a depth S of a flat-concave rotation form, below the flat surface of the bottom of the pit, allows you to pre-form the compacted core as a supporting soil building element, in the form of a circular cone that realizes the physically maximum possible bearing capacity of a forced, qualitatively improved foundation. Tamping a depression of a flat-concave rotation shape with predetermined geometrical parameters for laying a precast foundation slab allows the formation of a compacted core in the form of a circular cone, which ensures the maximum uniformly distributed contact reactive pressure of the base on its sole. Uniform compaction by ramming the soil in the core over its entire height helps to achieve maximum uniform values of compressive normal and shear tangential stresses acting along the generatrix of the lateral surface of the cone, which ensures the realization of the greatest bearing capacity of the base. Obtaining a compacted core by ramming in the form of a circular cone with an angle at its apex, numerically equal to two values of the angle of internal friction of the soil ϕ, makes it possible to easily and accurately determine its dimensions, which gives a simplification and a high degree of reliability of calculations; to perceive and evenly distribute the maximum possible reactive pressure of the soil base on the side surface of the cone and transfer it to the bottom of the prefabricated foundation plate of the supporting structural building element in the values of the maximum possible and evenly distributed reactive contact pressure - this is associated with the reliability of the combined base plate and soil foundation foundation . Due to the preliminary ramming of the compacted soil core, the unevenness of sediments and their absolute values are significantly reduced. The displacement of soil by tamping from the volume of the depression contributes to the accelerated formation of a cone of a compacted core and a decrease in the subsequent permissible settlement S of the load-bearing structural building element under load from the above-ground structure. The improvement of the quality of the compacted soil foundation by tamping is associated with an increase in the stability of the supporting structural building element of the foundation for vertical and horizontal loads. The use of a combination of a coaxial pillar rigidly connected to the foundation slab and the shell, as well as a spacer ring of the shell coaxially located with the foundation slab and rigidly connected to it, respectively transfers the central and annular loads to the slab with the formation of a compressed state of concrete in it, which excludes work plates on bending, and therefore, reduces its reinforcement to the necessary structural for technological loads. The shell, rigidly sealed with the bottom edge in the anti-spatter ring and the upper edge in the hard disk, works to compress the concrete, which reduces its reinforcement to structurally necessary for technological loads. The bearing prefabricated structural building element of the foundation has a reduced mass, which reduces the load on its soil base. Preliminary soil displacement by impact of the falling heavy ramming of the recess for laying the prefabricated foundation slab and simultaneous concomitant manufacturing of the supporting ground construction element of the foundation, the use of prefabricated prefabricated products, their simple and easy installation greatly contribute to reducing the construction time of the composite foundation, reducing the cost, labor and material consumption of its device . The device, consisting of supporting soil and prefabricated structural building elements, allows you to: simultaneously perceive the load with a truncated-conical shell, a rigid column of a plate, a plate and a compacted core; transfer the load with a truncated-conical shell and a support column to the slab and then the slab to the compacted core, and to the compacted core, as the supporting soil construction element of the foundation, to its qualitatively compacted and improved by ramming soil foundation; to increase stability, bearing capacity, quality, reliability, technical and economic efficiency and competitive ability of the soil base and composite foundation.

The claimed group of inventions meets the requirement of unity of invention, since this group forms a single inventive concept, and the claimed group object - the method of constructing a composite foundation - in its implementation is intended to be combined by tamping the first bearing ground building element and manufacturing the second of the declared objects of the group - the carrier device constructive building element, while all three objects of the group of inventions are aimed at solving e of the same task with obtaining a single technical result.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing each object of the claimed group of inventions with obtaining the above technical result. According to the object-method, it is noted that the construction of a composite foundation is carried out: from a bearing ground building element of the foundation, formed by displacing and compacting the soil by the impact of a falling heavy rammer with a flat-convex sole for laying a prefabricated foundation plate of a bearing structural building element of the foundation and considered as a compacted core, in the form of a circular cone of maximally and uniformly compacted soil along its entire height; from a prefabricated structural support building element of the foundation, mounted from a prefabricated foundation plate, which is performed with a flat-convex sole and a coaxially arranged and rigidly connected support column, and from a truncated-conical shell with an anti-expansion ring and a hard disk, rigidly joined by cement-sand mortar and reinforced concrete "rivets".

According to the device object or the composite foundation as a whole in FIG. 1 shows a vertical section thereof, in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. one.

A composite foundation includes bearing ground A and prefabricated structural B building elements. A soil building element A or a compacted core 1 is formed under the impact of a falling heavy rammer to obtain an acceptable depth S and a flat-concave form of rotation of the base of its cone 2. In the area of the soil base B, a circular cone is formed as a spatial figure in the form of a spatial figure 4 relative to the vertical axis with the calculated dimensions determined by the angle at its apex equal to two values of the angle of internal friction of the soil ϕ, and with the diameter of the base of the cone equal to the diameter of the collection oh foundation plate 5. The prefabricated structural building element of the foundation B consists of a prefabricated reinforced concrete foundation plate 5, a support column 6, a prefabricated reinforced concrete truncated conical shell 7 having an anti-spacer ring 10 and a hard disk 12, reinforced concrete “rivets” 8 with reinforcing anchors 9 The plate 5 rests on a sealed core 1, considered as a bearing soil building element A. The shell 7 rests on the plate 5 by means of an anti-spacer ring 10, rigidly connected to the plate 5 monolith reinforced concrete "rivets" 8 through 30 ° along a circle of radius R. The support ring of the shell is laid on a 40 mm thick cement-sand mortar 11 layer. The upper part of the truncated-conical shell 7 ends with a hard disk 12, crowned either with a glass 13 for prefabricated reinforced concrete columns, or without it under monolithic reinforced concrete or steel columns or foundation beams. The support column 6, the lower end is rigidly connected with the plate 5, is rigidly connected by the upper end 14 to the disk 12 using cement-sand mortar 15. The area of compressed concrete in the plate 5 under the support column 6, limited by the generatrix 16 of the truncated cone, at an angle of 40 ° to vertical intersects with the zone of compressed concrete in the slab 5 under the ring 10, limited by generators 17 and 18, along the circumference of the interface 19 on the surface of the sole 2 and the overall circumference 20 of the round plate 5.

The claimed group of inventions is intended for use in the construction of composite foundations of industrial and civil buildings and other structures.

Currently, all means and methods for implementing the claimed group of inventions are known.

The use of a group of inventions leads to a reduction in construction costs and to a reduction in the construction time of foundations of buildings and other structures by their manufacture from a bearing ground building element of the foundation, formed proactively before the installation of prefabricated structural products and from the bearing prefabricated structural building element of the foundation, made of precast reinforced concrete slabs with its supporting column and precast reinforced concrete truncated-conical shell, rigidly interconnected.

On the basis of the novelty of the technical solutions of the group of inventions for the construction of a composite foundation, new conditions for the interaction between the shell and the base plate, the prefabricated building structural element of the foundation with the supporting ground construction element of the foundation and the supporting construction soil foundation element with its soil base are implemented, which increase stability, quality, reliability , bearing capacity, feasibility and competitive ability of the composite soil-structural foundation and its soil foundation.

Claims (3)

1. A method of constructing a composite foundation, including preparing the bottom of the pit for the sole of the load-bearing structural building element of the foundation, fabrication of the load-bearing structural building element of the foundation and the formation of the load-bearing soil building element of the foundation, characterized in that the foundation is constructed with a composite of load-bearing soil and prefabricated structural building elements; soil displacement of the depression is carried out by the impact of the falling heavy rammer with predetermined geometric parameters of the sole of a flat-convex shape of rotation and the simultaneous concomitant formation of a compacted core in the form of a circular cone of a bearing ground construction element of the foundation; a prefabricated reinforced concrete foundation plate with a coaxially located and rigidly connected supporting reinforced concrete pillar with a sole, in the form of rotation and geometrical parameters adequate to the sole of the rammer, is laid with tightly mating into the deepening of the base of the bearing ground building element of the foundation; assemble the precast reinforced concrete truncated-conical shell coaxially on the foundation plate on a distribution layer of freshly laid cement-sand mortar; tightly connect the anti-expansion ring of the base of the cone of the shell with the foundation plate by making monolithic reinforced concrete "rivets" of reinforcing anchors and cast concrete on fine aggregate; rigidly connected by monolithic cement-sand mortar of the upper truncated-conical end of the support column in a cylindrical cavity coaxially placed in the hard disk of the truncation of the shell of the bearing prefabricated structural building element of the foundation. 2. The method of constructing a composite foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that the permissible deepening S of the plane-concave surface of rotation of the base of the cone of the compacted core, which occurs during the formation of the cone, is obtained first by compacting the soil with a heavy tamping in the volume of the bearing soil building element of the foundation and in the volume of the active zone of the stress-strain state of its base. 3. The construction of a composite foundation, including a reinforced concrete shell of a truncated-conical shape of the load-bearing structural building element of the foundation, a structural load balancer at the sole of the load-bearing structural building element located inside the shell and the load-bearing soil building element of the foundation, characterized in that the composite foundation consists of load-bearing soil and prefabricated structural building elements bearing a ground construction element of the foundation includes a compacted The core in the form of an inverted circular cone with a base of a flat-concave rotation form of predetermined geometric parameters has a circular cone of maximally and uniformly compacted soil in its entire volume, obtained previously, prior to the installation of the load-bearing prefabricated structural building element of the foundation, with high-quality compaction by impacts of a falling heavy tamper; The prefabricated structural support building element of the foundation includes a prefabricated reinforced concrete slab with a flat-convex rotation sole with predetermined geometrical parameters, containing a supporting pillar rigidly connected and coaxially placed with the slab, reinforcing anchors coaxially arranged along a concentric circle, a prefabricated reinforced concrete shell the manufacture of a truncated conical shape, equipped with an anti-spacer ring rigidly connected to the base of the shell cone, I have s-through cylinder-conically shaped cavity in its upper hard disk, the distribution layer of cement-sand mortar, concrete "rivets" and zamonolichivayuschy cement-sand mortar shell into the hard disc cavity.

Images