RU26453U1 - COOKING TABLEWARE - Google Patents

Description

PZHCI COOKWARE

The inventive utility model relates to the food industry, and more specifically to kitchen utensils for cooking.

Their level of technology is known for a large number of solutions aimed at increasing the strength of the surface of kitchen utensils and giving it non-stick properties.

In accordance with US patent No. 5.411.771 dated 04.29.1993, V05D 3/06, cookware for cooking contains a housing with a surface made with a roughness Ra 4.5-5.5 μm, on which a high-strength layer is applied, formed by spraying in an electric arc at T 4500 ° С of the following metals: copper, zinc, stainless steel, carbon steel, chromium, aluminum. The thickness of the high-strength layer is 40-90 microns, and the roughness Ra is 5-8 microns. A polymer layer based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 23-36 μm thick is made on a high-strength layer. The hardness of the outer surface, equal to 8-9 N, is achieved due to the combined influence of high-strength and polymer layers.

According to US patent No. 5.462.769 dated 12.29.1994, V05D 3/04, kitchen utensils comprise a body with a surface on which a high-strength plasma spray layer is made under the conditions described in US patent No. 5.411.771, and a polymer layer based on a mixture of PTFE and polytetraethylene (PTE), taken in a ratio of 55: 45-60: 40. The surface of the product is characterized by a set of properties similar to that obtained according to US Ke 5.411.771, and in addition it exhibits high corrosion resistance.

From US patent No. 5.827.573 dated 05/17/1997, V05D 3/00, cookware made of aluminum or an alloy based on it is known, including a housing whose surface is made with a high-strength layer formed by two sublayers: one of them adjacent to the working surface , 30-120 microns thick, is made by plasma spraying of an aluminum-based alloy, and the other by anodic oxidation from an electrolyte containing H2SO4, MgS04, FeSO4, sulfate concentration C 100-350 g / l, deposition modes: C, .5 A / dm U 10-25 V. The first sublayer contains the metal components of the alloy, and the second sublayer contains AlaOs, MgO, eyaOz, the thickness of the second sublayer H 10-50mkm. On high strength layer.

2002118927

V05DZ / 00

consisting of two sublayers, fluorine is applied per liter and a measured layer by spraying a polymer

compositions in accordance with the technology described in US patent No. 5.462.769 and US

No. 5.411.771.

The total thickness of the multilayer coating is significant, because scratch resistant layer

(high strength), has a thickness of 40-170 microns. Its hardness (over 9H) and

corrosion resistance (during accelerated corrosion tests

rust is not observed) is also significantly higher.

It should be noted that all the above known solutions are based on the use of energy-intensive technologies, which affects the cost.

The closest to the claimed is the decision on US patent No. 5.545.439 from 10.27.98, V05D 3/00. According to a known solution, cooking utensils include a housing made of aluminum or an alloy based on it, the surface of which is made with a multilayer coating formed by a high-strength layer, obtained by anodic oxidation in a sulfuric acid electrolyte, and a polymer layer deposited on a high-strength layer. Sulfate electrolyte contains H2S04, MgSO4, FeSO4, SO4 concentration of 100-350 g / l. Modes of oxidation: T 520 ° C, 1 2A / dm at direct or alternating current, U 20-40V. The resulting layer contains AliOs, MgO, Fe2Oz, its thickness is 40-80 microns. To increase adhesion, the high-strength layer is made with corrugation, characterized by a roughness of Ra 6-8 microns with a distance between peaks and troughs of 25-60 microns. A polymer layer with a thickness of H 12-30 μm is applied by layer-by-layer spraying of a composition containing PTFE and PTE in an amount of 0.5-3.5 kg / cm under pressure. The hardness of the coating is 4-8 N. In order to increase adhesion, a high-strength layer is applied only to a part of the working surface, and in the finished product the polymer layer is connected not only with the anodic-oxide layer, but also with the metal of the dishes, i.e. penetrates deep into the metal base. That is why, through the polymer, diffusion of A1 ions is possible, which are subsequently detected when testing dishes by boiling in acidic solutions. Specified in some cases leads to the formation of corrosion products on the surface of the product and in the non-stick coating, which reduces the performance properties of kitchen utensils. In addition to organofluorine, the coating may contain metal compounds and metal (for example, titanium, magnesium, iron) and non-metal (ceramic). The presence of magnesium and iron oxides in the coating leads to the appearance of these elements in liquids that are processed together with food in kitchen utensils. This fact is confirmed by tests conducted by SES and

consisting in boiling products in solutions of acids (usually acetic acid). The amount of magnesium and iron may exceed the established MPC values.

The objective of the claimed utility model is to increase the operational properties of utensils for cooking and increase its service life. The technical result is achieved in that in a cookware for cooking, comprising a housing made of aluminum or an alloy based on it, the surface of which is made with a multilayer coating formed by a high-strength anodic-oxidized layer obtained by anodic oxidation in a sulfuric acid electrolyte and deposited on a high-strength anodic - oxide layer by pressure spraying of a composition containing a fluoropolymer, a surfactant and a solvent, with a polymer layer, the surface of the body is corrugated from rough a thickness characterized by a value of Ra 4-10 μm at a distance between peaks and troughs of 15-60 μm, and the anode-oxide and polymer layers are made with surfaces equidistant to the indicated corrugated surface, while the anode-oxide layer is 20-60 μm thick, part of which , a thickness of at least 98% of its thickness, contains porosity of 20-30%, obtained from an electrolyte of the following composition, g per 1 liter of water:

Sulfuric Acid140

Oxalic acid 20

Ethyl alcohol30

The pores have the form of longitudinal non-through channels, i.e. channels whose length is shorter

the thickness of the anode-oxide layer and not in contact with the surface of the product.

The polymer fills the pores of the porous part of the anode-oxide layer, as well as in the form of a film

covers its surface. The metal surface of the product does not come into contact with

polymer coating.

In a schematic form, utensils (product) for cooking are shown in figure 1, and

the surface of the housing of the coated product is shown in Fig.2. Positions relate to

the following elements:

1-body product

2 -profile A1-surface of the product

3-porous part of the anodic oxide layer with pores filled with polymer

As can be seen from the drawing, the porous part of the anode-oxide layer has developed porosity in the form of non-through channels, the bottom of which is the non-porous part of the anode-oxide layer.

The essence of the proposed solution lies in the fact that due to the pores of the anodic oxide layer having the form of non-through channels and the surface relief of the layers forming the coating, high adhesion of the polymer layer and high surface strength of the product in the absence of aluminum diffusion into the polymer layer are ensured. The relief initially created on the surface of the product and stored during the formation of the anodic oxide and polymer layers provides not only the adhesion strength of the parts of the structure, but also the formation of an air-steam cushion during operation of the product when the surface comes in contact with food. This improves the quality of food and increases the service life of cookware.

The product, in accordance with the claimed decision, can be made as follows

way:

Billets of pans made of alloy AD1 are cleaned of grease contaminants by immersion in

aqueous solutions of alkali and acid in the following sequence:

B) Exposure in an aqueous solution of NaOH concentration of 50-90 g / l at T 50-70 ° C

2.Rinse with water

3. delay in an aqueous solution of HNO3 at a concentration of 80-100 g / l at T 15-30 ° C

4.Washing, drying

The cleaned surface is treated with an air stream with particles of ABO3 (electrocorundum GOST 28818-90 grade 14A, grain size 40) under a pressure of 6 kgf / cm to obtain a roughness Ra of 5 μm with a distance between peaks and depressions of 28-32 μm. Further, the products are mixed with water from the abrasive and exist at T 80-100 ° C. Anodic oxidation is carried out in an electrolyte of the following composition, g per 1 liter of water:

Sulfuric Acid140

Oxalic acid 20

Ethyl alcohol30

For this, the blanks of frying pans with a corrugated surface are immersed in an electrolyte of the indicated composition and a positive potential is applied to them, the counter electrode (cathode) is an X18H10T type stainless steel electrode. Parameters

process:, A / dm, ° C, t 30 min. The process time is pre-set by constructing calibration curves. The parameters of this stage provide the production of an anodic-oxide layer, the surface topography of which repeats the relief of a given roughness (i.e., we obtain equidistant surfaces). The resulting layer includes a non-porous part, adjacent to A1, and a porous part, 55 μm thick. The porosity of the latter is equal to 25% vol. For products made from alloys with an A1 content of more than 99% in May (AD1, AD, AO, etc., in accordance with the requirements of GOST 17151-81 p 2.3.), It is advisable to use the following electrolyte, g per 1 liter of water:

Sulfuric acid 120-200

Oxalic acid 15-30

Ethyl alcohol 30-50

Sucrose 15-30

Chromium sulfate 4-6

Carbon 4-8

Surfactant 0.01 -0.1

As a surfactant, hydroxyethylated alkyl phenol (e.g., OP-10) and the like are preferred.

For products made from alloys with a silicon content of up to 12%, for example, from silumin, it is advisable to use the following compositions, g per 1 liter of water:

Sulfuric acid 160-200

Oxalic acid 30-60

Ethyl alcohol 180-200

Glycerin 30-40

The polymer coating is applied in 2 layers by spraying under a pressure of 3-5 kgf / cm2 of the composition composition,% May .: 1st layer: PTFE 35

surfactant-ethoxylated alkyl phenol 1.5% water - the rest.

After application, the layer is dried at. 2nd layer: PTFE 55

surfactant-ethoxylated alkyl phenol 2.7% water - the rest.

After application, the layer is dried at 80 ° C and melted at 425 ° C. It is possible to apply a polymer coating in 2-4 layers by spraying a composition containing PTFE, a surfactant, a solvent-water. The specified composition must meet the following requirements:

-PTFE content from 25 to 65%;

- the composition should not delaminate when applied to a porous layer;

the pH of the composition in the range of: pH-7 -: - 8.

These modes provide a polymer layer, surface relief

which repeats the relief of the anode-oxide layer and a given roughness (i.e.

we have equidistant surfaces).

The surface of the product is characterized by the following properties:

The hardness of the anode-oxide layer is not lower than 400 kgf / mm according to the PMT-3 instrument;

Wear resistance of at least 400 minutes (compared with coatings obtained in

in accordance with the prototype solution, wear resistance is 10 times or more).

Adhesion strength not less than 1 point according to GOST 15140-78;

Heat resistance - lasts more than 10 cycles: heating up to 300 ° С-cooling in water

without deterioration of adhesion;

Non-sticking food - meets the requirements of GOST 17151-81;

Continuity is maintained when exposed to concentrated hydrochloric acid.

more than 2 minutes;

The data presented indicate that the dishes intended for cooking, made of A1 or its alloy, made in accordance with the claimed utility model, demonstrates enhanced performance compared with the known cookware of this type.

The properties of the products were evaluated by the following methods:

1. Coupling strength - by the method of trellised notches in accordance with GOST 15140-78

2. Heat resistance of the coating - by heating the product with oil to T (205 ± 5) ° C for 3 hours, followed by cooling in air to a temperature T (205 ± 2) ° C of

the lack of change in adhesion and non-adhesion after

thermal cycling. in accordance with GOST 17151-81

H. Non-stick coating - by removing carbonized milk and overcooked

fried eggs in accordance with GOST 17151-81

4. Coating continuity - by visual inspection at x20 magnification and

simultaneous exposure to the coating with concentrated hydrochloric acid with

fixing the time before the continuous release of gas bubbles on the coating in

according to GOST 17151-81

5. Wear resistance was determined on a friction machine according to the plane-indenter scheme.

The plane was the coating on the sample or product, and the indenter was the sphere, cone

or a needle. The tests were carried out with a conical indenter, sharpening angle, radius

rounding 0.5 mm. 200g load. Reciprocating motion pattern with

movement speed - 70 double strokes per min. with a track length of 60 mm,

test duration - until abrasion of the coating to the base metal.

6. Microhardness - by pressing a diamond cone on the PMT-3 device.

Claims (2)

1. Cookware, including a housing made of aluminum or an alloy based on it, the surface of which is made with a multilayer coating formed by a high-strength anode-oxide layer deposited from a sulfate electrolyte, and a polymer layer located on the anode-oxide layer and formed by spraying under pressure a composition containing a fluoropolymer, a surfactant and a solvent, characterized in that the surface of the body is corrugated with a roughness characterized by R _a = 4-10 μm at a distance between peaks and troughs of 15-60 μm, and the anodic oxide and polymer layers are made with surfaces equidistant to the surface of the casing, while the thickness of the anodic oxide layer deposited from an electrolyte of the following composition, g per 1 liter of water:
Sulfuric acid - 120-200
Oxalic acid - 15-60
Ethyl alcohol - 30-200
is 20-60 microns, and part of the anode-oxide layer with a thickness of at least 98% of its thickness, contains porosity of 20-30%. 2. Cookware according to claim 1, characterized in that the anode-oxide layer is applied from an electrolyte of the following composition, g per 1 liter of water:
Sulfuric acid - 120-200
Oxalic acid - 15-30
Ethyl alcohol - 30-50
Sucrose - 15-30
Chromium sulfate - 4-6
Carbon - 4-8
Surfactant - 0.01-0.1
3. Cookware according to claim 1, characterized in that the anode-oxide layer is deposited from an electrolyte of the following composition, g per 1 liter of water:
Sulfuric acid - 160-200
Oxalic acid - 30-60
Ethyl alcohol - 50-200
Glycerin - 30-40
4. Cookware according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the polymer layer is applied in 2-4 layers with a total thickness of 20-40 microns by spraying a composition containing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), water and a surfactant, with the following ratio of components, wt.%:
PTFE - 25-65
Surfactant - 3-15.5
Water - Else