RU2644905C1 - Technological complex for washing and cleaning hard vertical tanks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for washing and cleaning hollow articles from deposits and can be used in warehouses and fuel bases for the operation of vertical tanks. Technological complex contains a washing unit, a hydraulic drive, a vacuum plant and a washing and cleaning equipment. Flexible hoses 4, 8 and 9 are connected to respective washing and working fluid supply units 38 and 41. Flexible hose 12 is connected to suction pipe 13, which consists of articulated links 13a, 13b and 13c. At the end of link 13c diffuser 14 is fixed, behind which there is scraper 40 with spraying device 46. All links of the suction pipe are provided with uniaxial wheel pairs 22, 28 and 30. Link 13a is rigidly fixed to the flange of the tank hatch and is provided with a vacuum fixation element to be attached to the bottom of the tank. Links of suction pipe 13 and the mechanical scraper with the diffuser are connected to each other with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane by means of hydraulic motor 20 and hydraulic cylinders 24 and 33 mounted on these links and connected to control unit 41. Link 13c is pivotally mounted in the vertical plane by means of hydraulic cylinder 42, rod 43 with combs 44 and 45 provided with injectors. Hydraulic cylinder 42 is connected to working fluid supply control unit 41.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency and quality of washing and cleaning tanks with a minimum consumption of the washing liquid.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for washing and cleaning hollow products from deposits and can be used in warehouses and fuel bases in the operation of vertical tanks.

In accordance with the requirements of GOST 1510-84 "Oil and petroleum products. Marking, packaging, transportation and storage "tanks for oil and oil products should be periodically cleaned from deposits. Cleaning and cleaning tanks is a complex and time-consuming process.

Known technical solutions require either a large consumption of washing liquid without the presence of a person inside the tank during washing and cleaning, or the obligatory presence of a person inside the tank at a low consumption of washing liquid to control the technological equipment for washing and cleaning. At the same time, installation of technological equipment with a large flow rate of washing liquid inside the tank should be performed by 2-3 people.

The authors were faced with the task of developing a technological complex that allows efficiently and effectively cleaning vertical tanks without the presence of people inside the tank and with a minimum consumption of washing liquid.

Known technological complex for cleaning the inner surface of the tank from deposits, containing pipelines to clean the tank, a system for supplying washing liquid and a system for pumping washed out sediments into the settling tank. The washing liquid supply system includes a pressure pump and a washing liquid supply pipe with a jet washing device. Unheated water supplied under pressure not exceeding 0.4 MPa (4 kgf / cm ² ) is used as a washing liquid, while the pipeline supplying water to the tank is connected to the main water supply network or the water tank and is equipped with a device for monitoring and adjusting the water pressure fed to the erosion nozzles. The system for pumping washed-out sediments into a collection tank includes a pumping unit and a pipeline. As the pumping unit, the sedimentary pump of the UODN-290 brand is used. Between the pump and the tank, the settler is equipped with series-connected slotted filters (RU No. 60008 U1, class B08B 9/08, 9/093, 07.24.2006).

The disadvantages of this technological complex are:

- low quality surface cleaning at low water pressure (not more than 0.4 MPa);

- high water consumption, for the upholding of which high-capacity settlers are required and a long time for separation of oil products and mechanical impurities from it.

A set of equipment is known for mechanized cleaning of OMZR tanks and an installation for mechanization of work on cleaning bottom sediments of oil and oil products in ground and underground tanks UZR-1 (Cleaning tanks from oil product residues. MP Nesterova, PI Kochkin. Overview. Series “ Transport and storage of petroleum products and hydrocarbons ”, M .: TsNIITEneftekhim, 1975, 82 pp.).

The OMZR equipment set and the UZR-1 installation include a pump driven by a car engine through a power take-off, washing machines, water ejectors, pipes and hoses for supplying a washing solution and pumping emulsion. Pump productivity is from 65 to 130 m ³ / h, pressure (pressure) is from 0.9 to 1.2 MPa.

The disadvantages of the OMZR kit and the UZR-1 installation are the high consumption of washing liquid and the formation of a large volume of emulsion, which must be further defended.

Known technological complexes for cleaning the inner surface of tanks from deposits. They contain systems for pumping out washed-out sediments and supplying washing liquid, a gravity separation unit for contaminated liquids, an after-treatment unit for oil products, an after-treatment unit for water, an installation for the disposal of solid and jelly-like waste (RU No. 2391152 C1, class B08B 9/093 04/15/2009, RU No. 86506 U1, CL B08B 9/08, 9/093, 05/19/2009).

The disadvantages of these technological complexes are: the mandatory presence of the operator inside the tank for manual movement of the gripping device along the bottom of the tank and manual movement of the erosion nozzle when washing the wall of the tank.

A device for mechanized washing of vertical steel tanks is also known - UMM (Instructions for cleaning tanks from oil product residues, approved by Glavnefteproduct GP Rosneft 09/22/1995).

The device for mechanized washing of vertical steel tanks UMM consists of a washing water supply pump, removable sleeves connected to a three-section pipeline. The front part of the first section of the pipeline is mounted on two wheels and equipped with a rod pivotally connected to it with a washing machine. A bar with a washing machine is installed in a vertical position with a winch mounted on the last section of the pipeline and located outside the tank. The sections of the pipeline are rigidly interconnected by bolts. The installation is introduced into the tank through a manhole.

To pump out the washing products, a second pump is used, the suction line of which is introduced into the tank through the second manhole. The pressure line of this pump is connected to a tank for settling water.

A pump with a capacity of 25-50 m ³ / h and a pressure of up to 0.8 MPa is used to supply wash water.

In this device, a rigidly articulated three-section pipe is used only for supplying washing water to the washing machine, which washes the body and bottom of the tank and can only move in one (central) vertical plane.

The disadvantage of the UMM device is the cumbersome design and high water consumption.

A continuous vacuum unit is also known for cleaning tanks from oil product residues and bottom sediments. It contains a gripping device made in the form of a diffuser, with a flexible hose for removing contaminated residues and bottom sediments, placed on rollers, reservoir tanks, connected in parallel to the vacuum pump by a piping system with shut-off valves. The mechanism for moving the gripping device is made in the form of a trolley placed behind the scraper. The washing solution supply unit is connected by a flexible pipe to a tube with a stopcock, at the end of which a nozzle is installed (RU No. 58958 U1, class B08B 9/08, 08/09/2006).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that the movement of the gripping device and the washing of the inner surface of the tank body is carried out manually by an operator located inside the tank.

The closest to the claimed invention in technical essence and taken as a prototype is a mobile technological complex for cleaning and washing hard tanks, made on a car chassis. The technological complex contains a vacuum pump and a collection tank of stripping products, connected by a flexible pipe to a suction pipe connected to the truck and having a shut-off valve, the inlet of which is made in the form of a diffuser, behind which there is a scraper and a volumetric feed pump from an individual washing liquid tank through a flexible hose to placed on the same cart second pipe with a shut-off valve and spray device. The trolley is made in the form of a movably articulated frame structure mounted on a suction pipe on which control equipment for wheelsets with tracks is installed. The complex also contains a rigid rod fixed on a trolley with the possibility of rotation in a vertical plane, consisting of removable sections, a comb with nozzles is rigidly attached to each removable section. The complex also contains a hydraulic actuator, the energy source of which is a volumetric pump connected by a suction line to a tank with a working fluid, and a pressure line to a truck’s hydraulic motors, to a wheel pair dilution (information) cylinder and to a rod turning hydraulic cylinder (RU No. 2616051, class B08В 9 / 08, B08B 9/093, dated 06/06/2016, - prototype).

The disadvantages of this technological complex are the complexity of the design of the trolley mounted on the suction pipe, as well as the difficulty of moving along the bottom of the tank of the flexible pipeline with products of stripping and flexible hoses with washing and working fluids, which affects the quality of washing and stripping.

The technical result of the invention is to simplify the design and increase the efficiency of washing and cleaning tanks.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in the technological complex of washing and cleaning hard vertical tanks with a manhole in the lower part of the shell, made on a car chassis and containing a washing unit, the pressure line of the forced supply of washing liquid which is connected through the control unit to nozzles on individual combs mounted on a rigid rod mounted on the site of the suction pipe in front of the diffuser with the possibility of rotation in the vertical plane, and to the spray device assembly performed on a mechanical scraper located behind the end diffuser of the suction pipe, connected by a flexible hose to the collection tank of the cleaning products of the vacuum unit, a hydraulic drive, the energy source of which is a volume pump connected by a suction line to the tank with the working fluid, and the pressure head to the hydraulic cylinder, controlling the rotation of a rigid rod in a vertical plane at the signal of the control unit for the supply of working fluid, made using throttles and spool valves, according but according to the invention, the suction pipe is made in the form of articulated links, each of which has a uniaxial wheel pair, while the link mounted in the manhole is equipped with a vacuum fixing element to the bottom of the tank at the time of stripping, and the subsequent links of the suction pipe and interconnected with a mechanical scraper the diffuser is connected relative to each other with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane with the help of controlled rotary hydraulic cylinders fixed on these links.

In FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of the technological complex for washing and cleaning hard vertical tanks in the working position;

in FIG. 2 - node A in FIG. 1 (sectional view);

in FIG. 3 - node B in FIG. 1 (sectional view);

in FIG. 4 - node B in FIG. 1 (sectional view);

in FIG. 5 - node G in FIG. 1 (in a perspective view);

in FIG. 6 - kinematic diagram of movement along the bottom of the tank of the links of the suction pipe;

in FIG. 7 is a diagram of the supply of working fluid to the energy transfer mechanisms;

in FIG. 8 is a diagram of the supply of washing liquid to the nozzles.

The technological complex for washing and cleaning hard vertical tanks contains a washing unit, a hydraulic actuator, a vacuum unit, equipment for washing and cleaning the inner surface of the tanks installed in the tank during washing and cleaning, a fan mounted on the skylight, a searchlight and a video camera, mounted on a second skylight.

The washing installation includes a volumetric pump 1 for supplying washing liquid from the individual tank 2 to the washing equipment installed inside the tank. The pressure line of the pump 1 is equipped with a bypass valve 3 and a flexible hose 4 connected through the control unit to the washing equipment. The volume pump 1 and tank 2 are placed on a frame (not shown) and complete with an electric motor (not shown) make up a washing machine equipped with a drum (not shown) for winding the flexible hose 4.

The hydraulic actuator includes a volumetric pump 5, which is a source of energy, and a tank 6 with a working fluid. The pressure line of the volumetric pump 5, equipped with a check valve 7, a flexible hose 8 is connected to the control unit for the supply of working fluid, placed inside the tank. The drain line from the control unit of the flexible hose 9 is connected to the tank 6.

The volumetric pump 5 and tank 6 are placed on a frame (not shown) and complete with an electric motor (not shown) comprise a hydraulic drive equipped with drums (not shown) for winding flexible hoses.

The vacuum installation includes a vacuum pump 10 connected to the collection tank 11 of the cleaning products. The collecting tank 11 with a flexible hose 12 is connected to the suction pipe 13, at the end of which there is a diffuser 14 for collecting cleaning products from the bottom of the tank.

A vacuum pump 10, a collection tank 11 and an electric motor (not shown) are placed on the frame and complete with a flexible hose 12 and a drum (not shown) for winding the flexible hose 12 comprise a vacuum installation.

The suction pipe 13 consists of articulated links 13a, 13b and 13c. A diffuser 14 is installed at the end of the suction pipe 13. The link 13a connected to the flexible hose 12 is connected to the collection tank of the cleaning products of the vacuum unit and is rigidly fixed to the manhole flange. Link 13a consists of several pipe sections rigidly interconnected, the number of which depends on the diameter of the tank.

The end face of the link 13a is rigidly connected to a vertically located tee 15, at the lower end of which a vacuum element is fixed rigidly for fixing the link 13a to the bottom of the tank. The vacuum element consists of a chamber 16 and an elastic ring seal 17.

The upper end of the tee 15 through a swivel joint 18 is connected to the lower end of the vertically located tee 19, rigidly connected to the link 13b of the suction pipe 13. At the upper end of the tee 19 an asterisk (without position) is connected, connected by a chain gear (without position) with the hydraulic motor 20 installed on the site 21, mounted on the link 13a of the suction pipe 13. The link 13a is equipped with a uniaxial wheel pair 22. The chain and sprocket of the hydraulic motor 20 are closed by a casing (without position).

The link 13b of the suction pipe 13 ends with a vertically arranged tee 23, identical to the tee 19. At the upper end of the tee 23, a rotary single-vane hydraulic cylinder 24 is rigidly fixed, the axis of rotation of which is fixed to an arm 25 rigidly connected to the link 13b of the suction pipe 13. The lower end of the tee 23 is connected to a tee 26 of the link 13b of the suction pipe 13 with a swivel joint 27 identical to the swivel joint 18. Under the tee 26, a uniaxial wheelset 28 with swivel wheels is installed.

The link 13b of the suction pipe 13 ends with a vertically arranged tee 29, at the lower end of which is a uniaxial wheelset 30 with swivel wheels. The upper end of the tee 29 is connected to the lower end of the tee 31 using a swivel 32 identical to the swivel joints 18 and 27. The upper end of the tee 31 is connected to the shaft of the rotary single-blade hydraulic cylinder 33, identical to the hydraulic cylinder 24. The housing of the hydraulic cylinder 33 is rigidly fixed to the bracket 34, which also rigidly fixed to the link 13 in the suction pipe 13. On the bracket 34 is also provided a device 35 for mounting the washing equipment.

The tee 31 through the hydraulic valve 36 and the angle pipe 39 is connected to the diffuser 14. On the link 13B of the suction pipe 13 is rigidly fixed platform 37 to accommodate the control unit 38 of the supply of washing liquid. On the tee 31, a mechanical scraper 40 is rigidly fixed to the diffuser 14, designed to collect stripping products from the bottom of the tank.

On the platform 21, located on the link 13a, which is mounted on the manhole flange, a control unit 41 for supplying the working fluid to the hydraulic motor 20, to the rotary single-blade hydraulic cylinders 24 and 33, to the single-acting hydraulic cylinder 42 and to the normally closed hydraulic valve 36 is installed .

The hydraulic cylinder 42 is mounted on a link 13b of the suction pipe 13. The rod of the hydraulic cylinder 42 is connected to a rigid rod 43, which is mounted in the fixture 35 of the bracket 34 with the possibility of rotation in a vertical plane. On the rod 43 two combs 44 and 45 are rigidly fixed, on which nozzles are mounted (without positions). The lower end of each comb with a flexible hose (not shown) is connected to the washing liquid supply control unit 38. The washing liquid supply control unit 38 with a flexible hose (not shown) is also connected to a spray device 46 installed in a mechanical scraper 40 (Fig. 5).

As the control unit 41 for supplying the working fluid to the hydraulic motor 20, to the rotary single-blade hydraulic cylinders 24 and 33, to the hydraulic cylinder 42 and to the hydraulic valve 36, throttles and spool valves are used (Fig. 7):

for a hydraulic motor 20, an adjustable throttle 47 and a three-position spool valve 48;

for rotary hydraulic cylinders 24 and 33 - adjustable throttles 49 and 55, respectively, and on-off directional spool valves, respectively, 50 and 51 (for 24) and 53 and 54 (for 33);

for hydraulic cylinder 42 - unregulated throttle 55 and on-off spool valves 56 and 57;

for hydraulic valve 36 - unregulated throttle 58 and on-off spool valve 59.

To control the flow of washing liquid to the nozzles of the combs 44 and 45 and to the spraying device 46, two-position spool valves 60, 61 and 62 are used (Fig. 8).

As hydraulic cylinders 24 and 33, rotary single-cavity hydraulic cylinders are used (Bashta T.M. Hydraulics, hydraulic drive. 1982, 418 pp.).

The spool valve 48 has three positions (Fig. 7):

- position I is neutral, in which the working fluid does not flow to the hydraulic motor 20;

- position II - in which the working fluid enters the hydraulic motor 20, providing rotation of the links 13b and 13c of the suction pipe 13;

- position III - at which the working fluid rotates the hydraulic motor in the opposite direction.

For hydraulic cylinders 24, 33 and 45, two two-position spool valves are used, one of which turns on or off the flow of working fluid to the hydraulic cylinders, and the other provides a reversible flow of working fluid to the hydraulic cylinders.

Adjustable throttles allow you to change the volume of the supplied working fluid and, therefore, change the mixing speed of the devices connected to them.

The use of a hydraulic motor 20, mounted on a link 13A, provides a rotation of subsequent pipe links 13 by 350 °, which allows you to completely wash the entire surface of the tank body.

To control the spool valves, an electromagnetic drive is used, the electricity to which is supplied from an alternator.

To ensure safe performance of work and monitoring the washing and removal of cleaning products on the roof of the tank, a fan is mounted on one of the skylights, and a spotlight and a video camera are mounted on the brackets on the brackets.

All equipment of the technological complex is located on a KAMAZ-type vehicle with an individual crane device.

The power supply source of the technological complex (alternator) is connected through the power take-off to the vehicle engine.

The control panel for the electromagnetic position switches of the spool valves is located on the vehicle.

In order to reduce the flow rate of the washing liquid, a washing unit with a volume pump is used as part of the technological complex (pressure - up to 10 MPa, supply - from 2 to 3 m ³ / h).

The technological complex for washing and cleaning hard vertical tanks is operated as follows.

A car with equipment installed on it drives up to the tank being cleaned. Using an individual crane device, equipment that should be placed inside the tank is removed from the car. Equipment is placed near the manhole. Remove the cover from the manhole of the tank. A fan, a searchlight and a video camera are installed on skylights. Turn on the alternator and fan and ventilate the tank to safe norms for the concentration of oil vapor.

The suction pipe links 13a, 13b and 13b are assembled on wooden decks laid in front of the manhole (not shown) 13. The number of pipes in the link 13a is determined depending on the diameter of the tank so that the vacuum element is located as close to the center of the bottom as possible reservoir. The flexible hose 4 of the washing system is connected to the washing liquid supply control unit 38, and the hydraulic hoses 8 and 9 of the hydraulic actuator are connected to the working liquid supply control unit 41. A flexible hose 12 is attached to the end of the suction pipe 13. Flexible hoses for supplying washing and working liquids with tape clamps are fixed to the links of the suction pipe 13.

The power supply from the control panel located on the car is connected to the control units for supplying working and washing liquids.

On a wooden floor, laid inside the tank near the manhole, roll the suction pipe 13 inside the tank, while the rod 43 with combs 44 and 45 should be in a horizontal position.

The link 13a of the suction pipe 13 is rigidly fixed to the flange of the manhole of the tank.

They include a searchlight and a video camera, as well as a hydraulic actuator, a washing and vacuum installations, while the vacuum chamber 16 is attached to the bottom of the tank, fixing the position of the link 13a of the suction pipe 13 on the bottom. From the control panel located on the car, the rod 43 is installed in a vertical position (Fig. 1). Next, the supply of washing liquid to the nozzles on comb 45 is turned on and the upper half of the tank is washed. Using a hydraulic motor 20, the links of the suction pipe 13 are moved to the right and left, while the rod 43 with combs 44 and 45 is in a vertical position in the immediate vicinity of the tank wall, ensuring high-quality removal of contaminants and oil products. After washing the upper half of the tank, nozzles on comb 45 are turned off and nozzles on comb 44 are turned on and the washing cycle is repeated. During the washing of the tank body, contaminated water is periodically removed from the bottom along the perimeter of the tank using a vacuum installation. After washing the tank body, the nozzles on the comb 44 are turned off and the spray device 46 is turned on.

Using the rotary hydraulic cylinders 24 and 33, the position of the link 13b of the suction pipe 13, the diffuser 14 and the scraper 40 is changed. The hydraulic links 20 move the links 13b and 13b of the suction pipe 13 together with the diffuser 14 along the bottom of the tank and clean the bottom from deposits (Fig. 6) .

The process of washing and cleaning is monitored using a video camera installed in one of the skylights on the roof of the tank.

The approach of the nozzles to the inner surface of the tank body and the sequential inclusion of combs 44 and 45 with nozzles allows to reduce the flow of washing liquid and maintain a constant high pressure in the washing system, which ensures high-quality washing of the tank body, and the possibility of moving the diffuser 14 along the bottom allows improving the quality of washing and cleaning bottoms.

After completion of the washing and stripping process, the washing installation is turned off, the rod 43 is installed in a horizontal position, the links 13b and 13c of the suction pipe 13 are set to the position indicated in FIG. 1, and turn off the hydraulic drive.

Stripping products from the collection tank 11 of the vacuum unit are poured into a container (not shown) for subsequent separation of the oil product and solids from the washing liquid and the vacuum unit is turned off. The flexible hoses 4, 8 and 9 are disconnected from the control units. The flexible hose 12 is disconnected from the suction pipe 13, and then the pipe 13 is disconnected from the manhole and manually rolled it out of the tank on a wooden deck. Flexible hoses from hydraulic drive, washing and vacuum units are wound on the respective drums of these units. The suction pipe 13 is disassembled into links and, using an individual crane device, is laid on a car. Turn off the alternator. Remove from the tank and lay on the car fan, spotlight and video camera. The technological complex is ready to move to the next tank.

The use of the invention improves the efficiency and quality of washing and cleaning tanks with a minimum flow rate of washing liquid.

Claims (1)

Technological complex for washing and cleaning hard vertical tanks with a manhole in the lower part of the shell, made on a car chassis and containing a washing unit, the pressure line of the forced supply of washing liquid of which is connected through the control unit to nozzles on individual combs mounted on a rigid rod mounted on the site of the suction pipe in front of the diffuser with the possibility of rotation in a vertical plane, and to the spraying device made on a mechanical scraper, ra placed behind the end diffuser of the suction pipe, connected by a flexible hose to the collection tank of vacuum cleaning products, a hydraulic drive, the energy source of which is a displacement pump connected by a suction line to the tank with working fluid, and a pressure pipe to the hydraulic cylinder controlling the rotation of the rigid rod in the vertical plane at the signal of the control unit for the supply of working fluid, made using throttles and spool valves, characterized in that the suction pipe is made in the form articulated links, each of which has a uniaxial wheel pair, while the link mounted in the manhole is equipped with a vacuum locking element to the bottom of the tank at the time of stripping, and the subsequent links of the suction pipe and the diffuser interconnected with the mechanical scraper are connected with each other with the possibility of turning in the horizontal plane with the help of controlled rotary hydraulic cylinders fixed on these links.

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