RU2643953C1 - Method of textile cord processing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to technological processes for processing a "dirty" and non-uniform in chemical composition of textile cord obtained as a result of processing tires and other rubber products. Technical result is achieved by a method of processing a textile cord, which consists of using a previously prepared dirty textile cord with rubber particles, made of capron and from viscose, and/or cotton as a filler and binder. Then it is placed in a twin-screw extruder, followed by displacement and gradual heating of the moving mixture in different zones to a plastic state. Treatment in a twin-screw extruder is carried out at a temperature in the range of 215–265 °C. And the speed of the processed mixture movement in a twin-screw extruder is chosen depending on the degree of cleaning the cord from inclusions, as well as the percentage content of moisture in it. After the extruder, the formed composite mass is discharged into the molds.

EFFECT: technical result is an increase in the efficiency of the utilization of a mixture of dirty cords and the production of a wear-resistant composite material for molding any products from it.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to technological processes for the processing of "dirty" and heterogeneous chemical. the composition of the textile cord resulting from the processing of tires and other rubber products.

A “dirty” textile cord is a product of the processing of used automobile and aviation tires and other rubber products. It includes fluffy or short thread and the inclusion of pieces of rubber, and the quantitative content of rubber affects the properties of the final product obtained.

Currently, the world uses a number of technologies for the processing and disposal of rubber waste and worn-out car tires.

This industry uses a wide variety of technological processes - combustion, thermal and catalytic cracking, regeneration and decomposition of rubber under the influence of oxygen, hydrogen, ozone, depolarization, grinding, explosion and others.

According to the European Tire Recycling Association (ETRA), more than 2 million tons of amortized automobile tires are formed in Europe annually, and the volume of their processing by grinding does not exceed 10%. Most of the collected tires (20%) are used as fuel.

In Russia, the state of the issue is even more acute. Thus, according to the research institute of the tire industry in Russia, about 1 million tons of tires are annually decommissioned and in Moscow alone up to 60,000 tons of worn tires are formed each year. Of this volume, 10-12 thousand tons are processed by the Chekhov Regeneration Plant (Chekhov), and the rest is in unauthorized landfills, in ravines and suburban forests, aggravating the already difficult ecological situation of the cities of the Moscow region.

Worn-out tires that are out of service are a source of long-term environmental pollution: tires are not biodegradable; they are flammable and in case of fire it is difficult to extinguish them, and when burned in the air, harmful combustion products are emitted, including carcinogens; when stored, they serve as an ideal place for breeding rodents and blood-sucking insects, carriers of infectious diseases.

At the same time, worn-out tires contain valuable raw materials: rubber, metal and textile cord. These materials during operation basically do not change the original properties.

When tires are processed mechanically, in addition to rubber crumbs of different fractions and metal cords, secondary textiles are also obtained.

Such textiles are synthetic mineral wool interspersed with finely dispersed crumb rubber (not more than 5%) with a diameter of ≤0.5 mm. Purified nylon wool, extracted by cord separator on special equipment, is widely used in construction and oil and gas production and processing industries. It is used as insulation, binder, reinforcing component, a special additive that gives elasticity and crack resistance to building materials and viaducts, for the manufacture of sports equipment, being a universal filler for mats, tatami and all kinds of equipment for practicing blows: boxing bags and pears, shields of various configurations paws.

The untreated “dirty” textile cord includes fluffy or short thread and inclusions of rubber pieces (more than 5%) with a diameter of> 0.5 mm, the quantitative content of rubber affecting the properties of the final product obtained.

A “dirty” textile cord is almost unused waste.

It is widely known that the textile cord used in industry is most often made from kapron (nylon), less often from viscose. A very small amount is made from cotton.

The main materials used for the manufacture of cord:

- Polyester cord 14PDU

- Polyester cord 20PDU

- Anide cord 13ATL-DU

- Anide cord 25ATL-DU

- Anide cord 55 ADU

- Anide cord 65 ADU

- Anide cord 45A ("Kordsa" Turkey)

- Anide cord 70A ("Kordsa" Turkey)

- Kapron cord 23KNTS

- Aramid cord Rusar 75

Polyester cord (lavsan) is made from polyethylene terephthalate with a molecular weight of 30-50 thousand and a melting point of 255-265 ° C.

Kapron or kapron fiber is a white-transparent, very durable substance. The elasticity of kapron is much higher than silk. Abroad, synthetic nylon type fiber is called perlon and nylon. Nylon fibers do not absorb moisture, so they do not lose strength when wet. When heated, its strength decreases, at 215 ° C, melting occurs.

Cotton, consisting of cellulose, has a high glass transition temperature (225 ° C) and does not melt (http://kazgp.ru/teoriya/27-novosti/1200-temperatura-plavleniya-czellyulozy-i-sobennosti-glazheniya-odezhdy.html )

The melting point of viscose is 300 ° C, the glass transition temperature of 225 ° C. (See Reinforcing Textile Materials (http://msd.com.ua/shiny-nekotorye-problemy-ekspluatacii-i-proizvodstva/armiruyushhie-tekstilnye-materialy/).

Rubber for tires is obtained by vulcanizing the rubber compound. The composition of the rubber composition includes the following ingredients: rubber, vulcanizing agents, vulcanization accelerators, activators, antioxidants, active fillers or enhancers, inactive fillers, dyes, softeners, special ingredients. Depending on the purpose, only part of the listed ingredients may be included in the rubber, but rubber and a vulcanizing agent are always contained in its composition. Rubber melting temperature (180-200 ° С) - http://studopedia.su/10_77131_kauchuki-i-rezinovie-materiali.html.

Thus, the melting temperature of these basic materials, which can be used as binders, is in the range of 215-265 ° C.

The prior art method for processing textile cord with rubber particles from recycled tires by heating them to a temperature at which the textile fibers are at least partially plastically deformed and connected to the rubber particles in an agglomerate. When this heating is at least partially carried out by an external heat source at a temperature in the range from 100 to 300 ° C. Due to the different melting or softening points of the materials from which the textile fibers are formed, well-defined parts of the textile cord can thus be completely deformed plastically, while other areas remain in the fibrous state (see application WO No.20107909062 of 07.15.2010 g., B29B 17/00; B29B 17/02).

The disadvantage of this method is its complexity and the absence of a clear range of heating temperature for various materials, for example, the melting temperature of rubber (180-200 ° C), which means that at a higher temperature it turns into a binder and cannot be an agglomerate. In addition, the textile cord, as shown above, is made of various materials having different properties when heated.

It is known to fill composites based on thermoplastic polymers by mixing powders of polymers or granules with a filler using the usual method of processing plastics, namely, extrusion, (see V.G. Shevchenko BASICS OF PHYSICS OF POLYMERIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS Textbook for students specializing in Composite nanomaterials "Moscow State University named after MV Lomonosov, Scientific and Educational Center for Nanotechnology // MOSCOW 2010, pp. 22-23).

Widely known are the methods of processing plastics with the help of extruders, when the raw materials loaded in the form of granules, powder or scrap are moved to the working area of the casing under the action of the working body, where it is heated and melted under the influence of pressure, friction and supplied from the outside to the state required by the process (see http://promresursy.com/materialy/proizvodstvo/oborudovanie/ekstruder-dlya-plastika.html#ixzz4SiTW19Jw.

The disadvantage of these methods is the inability to process various types of "dirty" textile cord.

The above decisions cannot be made as a prototype.

The technical problem to be solved is the expansion of the arsenal of technical methods aimed at the disposal of various types of "dirty" textile cord to obtain new materials.

The technical problem is solved due to the fact that a method for processing textile cord has been developed, which consists in using a pre-prepared dirty textile cord with rubber particles made of nylon (nylon) and viscose and / or cotton as a filler and a binder, placed it is into a twin-screw extruder with subsequent movement and gradual heating of the mixture being moved in different zones to a plastic state, processing in a twin-screw extruder is carried out at a temperature in the range of 215,265 ° And the rate of movement of the mixture processed in a twin screw extruder is chosen depending on the degree of purification of the cords from inclusions, as well as the percentage of moisture in it, and eject the formed composite mass in the mold.

The technical result from the use of all the essential features of the invention is to increase the efficiency of disposal of a mixture of dirty cords left from tire processing, and to obtain a wear-resistant composite material for molding any products from it.

Textile cord from viscose goes into a glassy state, becoming a solid filler.

Cotton does not melt and also becomes a filler.

As binders, kapron and rubber, which are part of the cord mixture, were used.

The photographs show samples of crushed to varying degrees of dirty textile cord being processed (at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIH0KiXi97g you can see the implementation of the method).

Photo 1 - raw materials for processing more homogeneous with a fine fraction,

Photo 2 - raw materials for processing are not very good, there are many third-party impregnations, separation is needed.

Photo 3 - raw materials for processing Orisprom.

The technological process of processing "dirty" and heterogeneous in chemical. The composition of the textile cord consists of several stages.

Preliminary Stage:

1.1. Raw material production - A large number of equipment for the processing of used automobile tires is known, produced either in the form of separate units that perform separate tire processing operations, or in the form of production lines that implement the entire processing technology from loading the tire to the output of finished secondary raw materials, mainly rubber crumbs, divided into separate fractions, as well as textile cord.

For example, there is a known tire recycling line comprising a tire pre-crushing unit, including a primary tire grinder into separate pieces connected in series by conveyors, a classifier, tire piece disintegrator into components, a magnetic separator and a crushed rubber storage bin with output of finished products, and also a textile selection system connected to the disintegrator, including an air duct, a cyclone and a suction fan, characterized in that it is equipped with a counter system The safety of the operation of the line, which includes spark sensors installed at the inlet to the duct, control spark sensors installed at the outlet of the duct, an irrigation nozzle installed between the sensors, and a shut-off valve (RF patent ПМ No. 46971).

It is possible to purchase textile cord from specialized enterprises.

1.2. Warehousing of various textile cords.

The main stage:

Preparation of a dirty textile cord with rubber particles made of capron (nylon) and of viscose and / or cotton, used as a filler and a binder.

Putting the mixture in a twin screw extruder

Heated mixture heating

Binder Melting

Material feed into the mold

Pressing

Pressure exposure

Cooling

Removing the product from the mold.

The final stage:

1.3. Product Warehousing

The following is a description of the implementation of the method.

Dirty textile cord with rubber particles, consisting of capron (nylon) and rayon, and / or cotton, is subjected to preliminary preparation, if necessary, for example, drying or separation (in the case when there are inclusions of metal cord) (see photo). To prepare the mixture, additional devices can be used in which the material acquires the properties necessary for molding the product. The prepared dirty textile cord is used as a filler and a binder and is fed continuously via a conveyor into a twin-screw extruder. The conveyor speed is set depending on the productivity (number of products received) of the line.

In a twin-screw extruder there is a constant mixing of raw materials, the final removal of moisture, a gradual heating in the range of 215-265 ° C (the melting temperature of the binder). Textile cord from viscose goes into a glassy state, becoming solid, and becomes a filler. Cotton does not melt, it also becomes a filler. Rubber inclusions present in a "dirty" textile cord serve as a binder. At the output, a composite mass with high strength characteristics is obtained.

To implement the method, for example, a twin-screw extruder described in patent RU 2605910 C1, published on 10/20/2016, can be used.

This is a device for preparing the molding mixture for the manufacture of products from composite material, including a housing with heating, in which the screw is rotatably mounted with blades located on it with the formation of machining zones that are located along a line covering the spiral shaft of the screw and contains at least one additional one screw with blades located on it.

The chamber of a twin-screw extruder has several zones that differ in temperature and mixing activity. The speed of movement of the processed mixture in the extruder is selected depending on the degree of purification of the cord from inclusions, as well as on the percentage of moisture in the starting material.

The resulting composite mass is unloaded by opening the slide gate, which is actuated by an electric drive programmed to issue a certain portion of the material.

The composite mass is fed into the mold, pressed, cooled with holding under pressure. Then the product is pushed and moved to the product storage area.

It is possible to include other fillers, for example sand (size from 0.005 to 5 mm) - mountain, river, sea or obtained by crushing coarse-grained marble, marble limestones and dolomites, coarse-grained granites, syenites, tuffs, anthracite, fired bricks, tiles, ceramic pipes, porcelain, glass, basalt, quartzite, pumice, slag, brick, tile, ceramic pipes, porcelain, glass, basalt, quartzite, pumice, slag, perlite, vermiculite, etc.

The color of the resulting composite mass (without the use of dyes) is black - due to the presence of rubber in the composition.

The composite mass resulting from the implementation of the method can be reused. It is crushed, heated to a plastic state, mixed, it can be added to the feedstock.

The resulting composite mass is durable, fireproof, cheap (secondary waste is used), environmentally friendly (recyclable), resistant to atmospheric precipitation, well processed.

The resulting composite mass acts as an independent material, from which various products are made, including paving, such as paving stones, tiles, borders, etc.

The claimed method can be used for processing "dirty" and heterogeneous in chemical composition textile cord obtained as a result of processing tires and other rubber products, as well as almost any waste plastic, broken glass, etc.

Claims (1)

 A method of processing a textile cord, which consists in using a pre-prepared dirty textile cord with rubber particles made of nylon (nylon) and viscose and / or cotton as a filler and a binder, place it in a twin-screw extruder with subsequent movement and gradual by heating the transferred mixture in different zones to a plastic state, processing in a twin-screw extruder is carried out at a temperature in the range of 215-265 ° C, and the speed of movement of the processed mixture in two screw extruder is selected depending on the degree of purification of the cords from inclusions, as well as the percentage of moisture in it, and eject the formed composite mass in the mold.

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