RU2643256C1 - Installation and method for chlorella plancton strains cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: installation contains aquariums of transparent material arranged on frame, interconnected by a pipeline including drain holes connected to the finished suspension container and the nutrient solution container, and luminaires placed between the aquariums. There are three aquariums for suspension on the frame, the total volume of the two side aquariums is equal to the volume of the central one, the lamps are located vertically between the side aquariums and horizontally above the central container. All of them are united in a luminaire, consisting of a single frame fixed to the stand frame, with a possibility of its transfer to a vertical position when maintaining the aquariums and switching to sunlight. Containers for nutrient solution preparation are exposed at a level above the aquariums, and each aquarium has a separate container with the corresponding volume. In the bottom wall of each container has an opening to which pipelines for nutrient solution draining are connected. Each aquarium has three openings, one of which serves to balance the suspension volumes, the second - to drain the finished suspension, the third is located in the lower plane and is designed to remove bottom sediments and washing water while washing the aquarium, and a container for the nutrient solution. Aquariums and the container for collection and storage of finished products are interconnected by a pipeline. In the method, chlorella strains are grown using a light source, optimal nutrient medium and temperature conditions. Optimal lighting in the initial period of cultivation is achieved by vertically located lamps between the aquariums. During the growth of cells and increase of the optical density of the culture, horizontal lamps located above the central aquarium are connected. The culture which has reached the normative optical density, is poured alternately, once from the central aquarium, next time from two side containers. The original culture flows into the empty aquarium after draining the culture through the connecting pipeline, after which a nutrient solution is added. Stock culture production is integrated into a single biotechnological process, which is carried out alternately in the central or side containers. Cultivation is carried out in different regimes using separate plankton strains: Chlorella vulgaris IGF C-111, Chlorella vulgaris BIN, Chlorella kessleri VKPM Al-12 and nutrient solution optimal for each of them in terms of 1 l of tap water: Mode I: Culture of Chlorella vulgaris IGF C111 strain, block 1: Nitric-phosphorus solution 0.3 ml, copper-cobalt solution 0.5 ml; block 2: Solution of carbon dioxide obtained using a material containing fiber (straw or wheat germ), pH 6.0-7.0, 10.0 ml. Mode II: Culture of Chlorella vulgaris BIN strain, block 1: Nitric-phosphorus solution 0.6 ml, copper-cobalt solution 1.0 ml, block 2: Solution of carbon dioxide obtained using a grain material (wheat, holer oats), pH 5.0-6.0, 5.0-10.0 ml. Mode III: Culture of Chlorella vulgaris VKPM Al-12 strain, block I: Nitric-phosphoric solution 0.9 ml, Copper-cobalt solution 1.5 ml, Potassium sulphate solution 1.0 ml, block 2; Solution of carbon dioxide obtained with using grain material (holer oats), pH 5.0-6.0, 30.0 ml, intended for obtaining: according to Mode I - fodder for farm animals, according to Mode II - reservoir algolizant, according to Mode III - chlorella biomass.

EFFECT: inventions allow to optimize cultivated crops lighting.

2 cl, 3 dwg, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to biotechnology, namely, to the design of the installation for ensuring the growth of unicellular algae, mainly planktonic, for example, chlorella, and to a method for growing it, which needs a light source, a nutrient medium and maintaining optimal temperature conditions, intended for feeding agricultural animals, carrying out algolization of water bodies and biomass production.

A known installation for growing planktonic algae, in particular chlorella, made in the form of an aquarium made of transparent material, in which fixtures are installed vertically with lamps stationary in them, under which fans are located to control the temperature during the cultivation of microalgae (RF patent for the invention No. 2268923, published on January 21, 2016). The device has low productivity and high manual labor costs to ensure the operation of the installation.

A known installation for growing planktonic algae, in particular chlorella, containing a frame with a tank installed on it, as well as a lamp made in the form of a glass pipe with lamps placed inside and a fan under the pipe. Each of the containers is represented by an aquarium made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped made of transparent glass with one hole in the lower plane for draining the finished suspension and at least three holes in the upper plane for placing sensors inside the aquarium, installing pipelines for supplying nutrient medium and sanitary maintenance. The luminaires are located between the aquariums and rest on them with plates fixed at the top of each luminaire. The service system is automated (RF patent for the invention No. 2485174, publ. 06/20/2013).

One of the disadvantages of this installation is its low productivity due to the design features of the location of the lamps between the aquariums, which complicate their maintenance. A significant drawback of this setup is the need to introduce into the aquariums the original uterine culture after the completion of each cultivation cycle, which is four days; at the same time, to obtain a uterine culture, it is necessary to have an additional aquarium with separate maintenance.

A known installation (prototype) for the continuous cultivation of planktonic algae, mainly chlorella. The installation consists of two aquariums for suspension, fixtures, a container for preparing a nutrient solution, as well as a container for collecting and storing the finished suspension, connected to the aquariums by a pipeline. Aquariums for a suspension of microalgae are mounted on a frame and are interconnected in the lower part of the vertical walls by a pipeline to balance the volume of the suspension in both aquariums. Each aquarium has two drain holes, one of them is located in the lower part of the side wall for draining the finished chlorella suspension and draining it through a pipe into the container for collecting and storing the suspension, and the second hole is located in the lower plane and is designed to remove bottom sediments and washing water . The lights in each aquarium are eccentric with respect to the longitudinal axis. The luminaire located between the aquariums is mounted on a separate frame regardless of the frame and aquariums with the possibility of free movement and removal when switching to sunlight. The container for the nutrient solution is placed at a level above the aquariums and has two openings located in the vertical side wall, the first of which is at the level of 0.5 of the volume, and the second in the bottom layer with the possibility of connecting pipelines to them to drain the nutrient solution into the aquariums . The possibility of growing uterine culture in aquariums is provided by a single biotechnological process (RF patent for the invention No. 2571939, publ. 12/27/2015).

One of the disadvantages of this installation is that the lamps in the aquariums are enclosed in glass shells. This design of mounting lamps inside the aquarium is labor intensive and also significantly reduces the level of light flux, resulting in reduced installation performance. A significant disadvantage of the installation is the work in only one cultivation mode, designed to produce biomass.

The technical result of the invention is to optimize the illumination of the culture by moving the lamps, combined into a lamp, outside the containers and performing various cultivation modes to produce products.

To achieve this technical result, in the proposed installation for growing chlorella, including a stand with aquariums mounted on it for suspension of microalgae, the lamps are placed vertically between the side aquariums and horizontally above the central tank, while all the lamps are combined into a lamp consisting of a single frame and fixed on the frame with the possibility of its translation in a vertical position when servicing aquariums and switching to sunlight. To obtain products, various cultivation modes are used, for each of which separate planktonic strains and nutrient solutions are used.

In a comparative analysis of the claimed invention and known according to RU 2571939 C1, 12/27/2015, the following significant features can be derived:

- the installation consists of three aquariums, while the total volume of the two side tanks is equal to the volume of the central one, which are not only equivalent in terms of functional load, but also vary in design structure, as well as in the method of cultivating chlorella in them;

- each aquarium has three drain holes: two are located in the lower part of the side wall of the aquarium, one of which serves to drain the finished suspension, the second to balance the volume of suspension in the aquariums; the third is located in the lower plane and is designed to remove bottom sediments and washing water when washing the aquarium;

- the lamps are located vertically between the side aquariums and horizontally above the central capacity, while all the lamps are combined into a lamp consisting of a single frame fixed to the frame of the stand, with the possibility of its translation in a vertical position when servicing aquariums and switching to sunlight;

- achieving optimal lighting in the initial period of cultivation is carried out by turning on vertically located lamps located between the aquariums; in the process of cell growth and an increase in the optical density of the culture, horizontal lamps connected above the central aquarium are connected;

- tanks for preparing the nutrient solution are set at a level higher than the aquariums, with each aquarium having a separate tank with its corresponding volume and a hole in the bottom wall of each tank, to which pipelines for draining the nutrient solution are connected;

- the culture that has reached the normative optical density merges alternately: once from the central aquarium, next time from two side tanks;

- the initial culture flows into the empty aquarium after the culture is drained through the connecting pipe, as a result, the volumes in all aquariums are balanced, after which the nutrient solution is added;

- obtaining a uterine culture is embedded in a single biotechnological process, which is carried out alternately in the central or side tanks;

- the installation allows you to use different cultivation modes, while each regime of cultivation is designed for its own planktonic strain and nutrient solution;

- Each cultivation mode is designed to produce a separate type of product that is used in various areas of economic activity.

The presence of the above distinguishing features in combination with features common to the known and claimed technical solutions is sufficient and necessary to achieve a technical result in the implementation of the claimed invention.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which: figure 1 is a schematic representation of a General view of the installation, figure 2 is the location of the lamp lamps, figure 3 is the vertical position of the lamp.

Installation for growing planktonic strains of chlorella - figure 1 - includes placed on the frame 1 aquariums 2 made of transparent material. The installation includes three aquariums - two lateral and one located in the center, while the volume of the central aquarium is equal to the total volume of two lateral. Lighting of aquariums 2 is achieved by two categories of lamps - one is installed vertically (DNaT) 3 and is located between the aquariums 2, the other above the central aquarium in a horizontal position (DNaZ) 4. All lamps are mounted on a separate frame 5 independent of the aquariums, forming a single lamp (figure 2 )

The lamp (figure 2) is connected to a power source 6 (figure 1) and is attached to the frame 1 (figure 1) with the possibility of translating it into a vertical position (figure 3).

Tanks for preparing the nutrient solution 7 are set a level above the aquariums 2 and have openings in the lower plane to which pipelines 8 are connected to drain the nutrient solution into the aquariums 2, with each aquarium having a separate container.

Aquariums 2 are interconnected through openings in the lower part of the vertical walls by a pipeline with a crane 9.

Aquariums 2 have two drain holes, one of which is located in the lower part of the side wall 10 and is designed to drain the chlorella suspension, the second is located in the lower plane 14 and is designed to remove bottom sediments and washing water during the sanitary treatment of the aquarium cavity.

Aquariums and a container for collecting and storing finished products are interconnected by a pipeline. The finished suspension through the pipe 11 by the pump 12 is pumped into the tank 13.

A method of cultivating planktonic strains of chlorella is carried out using the proposed installation as follows. The uterine culture of chlorella is poured into the central aquarium. The pipeline valve connecting the aquariums is opened and the suspension is balanced in the tanks. The proposed installation is intended for the cultivation of planktonic strains on the optimal nutrient medium for each of them, which contains the necessary components, consisting of two blocks: the first block includes minerals, the second - organic. Each culture regime has its own nutrient medium per 1 liter of tap water:

The nutrient medium is introduced into each aquarium in accordance with the mode of cultivation from the tanks through the pipeline. The temperature of the suspension in the aquariums filled in this way should correspond to the optimum temperature - 28-30 ° С, optical density from 1.0 to 1.2 D (440).

Optimum illumination is carried out by the rational use of the lamp, the selection of the necessary lamps: for example, DNaT lamps are installed in a vertical position between aquariums, DNaZ lamps are placed horizontally above the central aquarium. An increase in the light output of the lamps is achieved due to the free fastening to the frame of both vertical and horizontal light sources.

Such a device allows the lamp at the initial stage of cultivation, when the light passes through the entire thickness of the suspension, include vertical lamps located between the aquariums. As the cells grow and optical density increases, lamps located horizontally above the central aquarium turn on to increase the illumination. In this way, illumination is achieved corresponding to the optimal physiological needs of the cells during cultivation. Lighting the culture with lamps is 12 hours a day. When using sunlight, the cultivation process lasts during daylight hours, while it is necessary to observe the optimal thermal regime of the suspension, preventing its overheating. Due to this lighting mode, significant energy savings and optimal illumination of the culture are achieved.

In the process of growing algae in aquariums, both in artificial and in natural light, the optimum temperature is maintained at daytime of 28-30 ° С, at night from 23 to 25 ° С, which corresponds to the developmental biology and promotes the growth and reproduction of cells.

When cultivated according to Mode I, the culture reaches an optical density of 1.4 to 1.8 D (440) (hereinafter referred to as the normative optical density) for a four-day growing period, and a carbon dioxide solution is added to the chlorella suspension daily in block 2.

When cultivated according to Mode II, the culture reaches the normative optical density in two days, while the carbon dioxide solution in block 2 is added to the chlorella suspension on the second day, as on the first,.

When cultivated according to Mode III, the culture reaches the standard optical density in one day with a single addition of a carbon dioxide solution in block 2.

The biotechnology of chlorella cultivation, regardless of the selected mode, does not provide a separate installation for growing the uterine culture, since the finished suspension of chlorella is discharged alternately after the cultivation period (once from the central aquarium, the second from the side aquariums), and all actions are repeated, thereby ensuring mode of obtaining a suspension of chlorella.

Example 1. The proposed installation is used according to Mode I as described above. The initial suspension of chlorella with an optical density of 1.4 to 1.8 D (440) based on the Chlorella vulgaris strain IGF No. C-111 (RU 1751981) is used to fill the central container and open the taps in the remaining aquariums to balance the suspension in all containers. Pour the nutrient medium from the tanks, at the level of the aquariums located above, each of which is designed for its own aquarium. The lamp is moved to a horizontal position and turn on the light for 12 hours. During cultivation in aquariums, the temperature is maintained at 28-30 ° C during the day and 23-25 ° C at night. The culture is grown for four days, while a solution of carbon dioxide is added daily. The readiness of the suspension of chlorella is determined by the optical density, which should reach the standard. The finished suspension in an amount of 0.5 of the total volume is drained from the central or side aquariums. The empty containers are washed and the process is repeated. A crop grown in this way is used for feeding to farm animals.

Example 2. The proposed installation is used according to Mode II as described above. An initial suspension of chlorella with a standard optical density based on the Chlorella vulgaris BIN strain (RU 2192459) is filled in the central container and the taps are opened in the remaining aquariums to balance the suspension in all aquariums. Pour the nutrient medium from the tanks, at the level of the aquariums located above, each of which is designed for its own aquarium. The lamp is moved to a horizontal position and turn on the light for 12 hours. During cultivation in aquariums, the temperature is maintained at 28-30 ° C during the day and 23-25 ° C at night. Grow a culture for two days. The readiness of the suspension of chlorella is determined by the optical density, which must comply with the normative. The finished suspension in an amount of 0.5 of the total volume is alternately drained from the central or side aquariums. The empty containers are washed and the process repeats. A culture grown in this way is used to algolize water bodies and treat wastewater.

Example 3. The proposed installation is used according to Mode III as described above. The initial suspension of chlorella with a normative optical density based on the Chlorella kessleri VKPM Al-12 strain (RU 2613424) is filled in the central container and the taps are opened in the remaining aquariums to balance the suspension in all aquariums. The medium is poured from the tanks, at the level of the aquariums located above, each of which is designed for its own aquarium and has a pipeline connecting the tank with the medium to the aquarium. The lamp is placed in a horizontal position and turns on the light for 10 hours, then turn off the light for 2 hours and then turn it on for 10 hours. Grow a culture within one day. During cultivation in aquariums, the temperature is maintained at 28-30 ° C during the day and 23-25 ° C at night. The readiness of the suspension of chlorella is determined by the reading of the optical density, which must comply with the standard. The finished suspension in an amount of from 0.5 of the total volume is alternately drained from the central or side aquariums. The empty containers are washed and the process is repeated. A crop grown in this way is used to produce biomass.

The reliability and ease of maintenance of the installation are due to design features that facilitate the implementation of the biotechnological process. The installation does not need additional instrumentation or software control and economically consumes electricity.

The proposed installation expands the range of use of planktonic strains of chlorella due to the regimes of cultivation adapted to each strain, and also allows the installation to be used to produce products that are used in various areas of economic activity.

Claims (4)

1. Installation for growing planktonic strains of chlorella, containing located on the frame of aquariums made of transparent material, interconnected by a pipe including drain holes connected to the tank of the finished suspension and the tank for the nutrient solution, lamps placed between the aquariums, characterized in that on the frame there are three aquariums for suspension, while the total volume of the two side aquariums is equal to the volume of the central one, the lamps are located vertically between the side aquariums and horizontally above central capacity, all of them are combined into a lamp consisting of a single frame fixed to the frame of the stand, with the possibility of its translation in a vertical position when servicing aquariums and switching to sunlight, containers for preparing nutrient solution are set at a level above the aquariums, with each aquarium has a separate tank with a corresponding volume, and in the bottom wall of each tank there is an opening to which pipelines for draining the nutrient solution are connected, each aquarium has three holes each, one of which serves to balance the volume of the suspension, the second to drain the finished suspension, the third is located in the lower plane and is designed to remove bottom sediment and washing water when washing the aquarium and the tank for nutrient solution, aquariums and a container for collection and storage finished products are interconnected by a pipeline. 2. A method of growing planktonic strains of chlorella using the apparatus of claim 1 on optimal nutrient media, comprising a light source, a nutrient medium and optimal temperature conditions, characterized in that the achievement of optimal illumination in the initial period of cultivation is carried out by turning on vertically located lamps located between aquariums, in the process of cell growth and an increase in the optical density of the culture, horizontal lamps located above the central aquarium are connected, the culture reached of the normative optical density, it is alternately drained, once from the central aquarium, the next time from two side tanks, into the empty aquarium after the culture is drained through the connecting pipe, the initial culture flows, after which the nutrient solution is added, the preparation of the uterine culture is integrated into a single biotechnological process, which is carried out alternately in the central or lateral containers, and cultivation is performed in various modes using separate planktonic strains: Chlorella vulga ris IGF S-111, Chlorella vulgaris BIN, Chlorella kessleri VKPM Al-12 and the optimal nutrient solution for each of them, based on 1 liter of tap water:

intended to receive: according to Mode I - feed for farm animals, according to Mode II - an algolizant of water bodies, according to Mode III - chlorella biomass.

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