RU2642735C1 - Method of accelerated creation and restoration of ice crossing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technical equipment.

SUBSTANCE: method of accelerated creation and restoration of the ice crossing refers to the field of ice engineering. Invention can be used to accelerate the creation and restoration of the ice crossing and increase its bearing capacity, as well as to accelerate the freezing of equipment that has fallen under ice. Technical effect: increasing thickness of the ice cover over the entire surface of the ice river crossing by artificially increasing of ice thickness with a greater bearing capacity to thickness, necessary for the transport crossing, as well as in accelerating the process of complete freezing of transport fallen in the ice, to pull the transport on the surface of ice by accumulating and freezing the broken ice to the bottom surface under the ice crossing up to the required thickness for the transport crossing in horseshoe traps, built from ice-frozen material, for example, osier-bed.

EFFECT: technical effect: increasing thickness of the ice cover over the entire surface of the ice river crossing by artificially increasing of ice thickness.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of ice technology and can be used to create and restore an ice crossing for transporting goods, as well as for accelerated complete freezing in ice of equipment that has fallen under the ice.

State of the art

A technical solution is known (1. Peschansky IS Ice Research and Ice Engineering. - L .: Sea transport. 1963. - 245 p.), In which, to intensify ice formation for an ice crossing, it is proposed to clear the ice surfaces from snow in advance. The disadvantage of the technical solution is the insufficient bearing capacity of the ice cover used as a crossing, due to the low strength of the lower layers of ice due to the temperature difference across the thickness of the ice cover from 0 ° C at the lower edge to the ambient temperature at the upper edge of the ice, because with increasing temperature, the strength of ice decreases (2. Bogorodsky VV, Gavrilo VP Ice. Physical properties. Modern methods of glaciology. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1981. - 384 p.).

A technical solution is known (3. RU 2149945 C1, 05.27.2000), in which, to increase the strength of the ice sheet, the temperature of the lower part of the ice is reduced by placing a layer of heat-insulating material under the ice and pressing it to the bottom surface of the ice sheet. The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low rate of decrease in temperature of the lower surface of the ice due to the positive temperature of the layer of thermal insulation material having a temperature value of the upper layers of water, i.e. cooling occurs only on one side - on the side of the upper ice sheet, as well as the low rate of increase in ice sheet thickness due to the natural freezing of water entering through a permeable heat-insulating material.

The closest is the technical solution (4. RU 2352710 C1, 04/20/2009), in which an ice layer is placed between the lower surface of the ice sheet and the heat-insulating material. The disadvantage of this technical solution is the difficulty of holding rectangular ice plates at the point of crossing with a continuous layer in a row and pressing ice plates to the bottom surface of the ice sheet with a heat-insulating layer.

Disclosure of invention

The task of the invention is the creation of a reliable ice crossing.

The technical result achieved in solving the problem lies in accelerating the creation of an ice crossing, increasing its strength and accelerating the freezing of equipment that has fallen under the ice into ice for its subsequent pulling out.

The essential features characterizing the invention.

Restrictive: an ice crossing is created by cleaning the surface of the ice from snow, placing it on the lower surface of the ice layer of ice and gradually freezing the equipment that has sunk under the ice by freeing it from ice without breaking the ice layer between the equipment being released and water.

Distinctive: broken ice is accumulated to the lower surface of the ice sheet under the ice crossing and around the equipment that has fallen under the ice.

It is known [2] that lowering the temperature of the ice cover leads to an increase in its strength characteristics and a more intensive increase in its thickness. It is also known (5. Gavriliev RI Thermophysical properties of rocks and ground cover of permafrost zone. - Novosibirsk. Publishing House of the SB RAS, 1998. - P. 15) that the thermal conductivity of pure ice is almost 4 times greater than the thermal conductivity of water. When an additional layer of ice is placed under the lower surface of the ice sheet, the rate of decrease in the temperature of the water located between the pieces of ice under the layer of ice will increase, which will lead to the formation of a single ice monolith consisting of randomly located pieces of ice. It is known (6. The way to create an ice crossing / application for invention 2003113294, 02/10/2005 Bull. No. 4) that, to increase the bearing capacity of an ice crossing, ice cover is artificially destroyed at the crossing point to create randomly frozen ice. It is known that in the conditions of stagnant water, for example, on lakes and reservoirs, ice formation begins earlier and the thickness of the ice cover is greater than in water areas with a flow (in rivers) at the same temperature of atmospheric air (7. Butyagin IP The strength of ice and ice cover . - Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1996 .-- 153 p.). It is also known that if there is hydraulic resistance in the fluid flow in the form of a valve or a vertical plate oriented transversely to the flow, a stagnant zone forms behind it, and if the plate is tilted, the width of the stagnant zone increases (8. Altshul A.D. Hydraulic resistance. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1973). All of the above methods can be used to restore the ice crossing when the ice cover is reduced in some places of the crossing or accelerated freezing of the formed wormwood on the ice crossing. It is known that to pull out equipment that has fallen under the ice, it is gradually freed from ice carefully without disturbing the ice layer between the released equipment and water for the natural growth of the ice shell around the sunken equipment. With the artificial accumulation of pieces of ice around equipment that has fallen under the ice, this process of ice growth will accelerate.

Thus, the bearing capacity of an ice crossing increases both due to an accelerated increase in the strength properties of ice, and due to an accelerated increase in the thickness of the ice cover over the entire surface of the intended ice crossing or when restoring individual sections.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. Figure 1 shows the location of the holes on the surface of the ice sheet. In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the accumulation of ice in traps. In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the restoration of the ice crossing section. In FIG. Figure 4 shows a diagram of the artificial accumulation of pieces of ice around equipment that fell through the ice.

The implementation of the invention

To accelerate the increase in the required thickness of the ice of the ice crossing the river, you can use sludge or pieces of ice, accumulating them under the ice with the help of traps formed by improvised materials, for example, talniks growing along the banks of the river. During the spring ice drift, the river carries away a large number of such talniks or trees, so the materials used to create the crossing can be left frozen in ice, without fear of causing environmental harm. The method is as follows. As the river freezes, ice traps are created from both banks where the ice crossing is planned, for which purpose horseshoe-shaped holes are drilled on the ice surface (Fig. 1), where improvised materials (talniks) are inserted and frozen with an inclination towards the river so that an angle of less than 90 ° was formed between the lower surface of the ice sheet and the protruding part of the talnik, and the length of the protruding part of the talniks under the ice was not less than the required thickness of the ice based on the weight of the transport being transported. As the river further freezes from the coasts, freezing of talniks into ice continues towards each other from two banks in the direction of the planned crossing. To accelerate the accumulation of the required thickness of broken ice to increase the thickness of the ice upstream of the river, the ice cover is broken and the broken ice is launched under the ice to bring it into the frozen talniks during the course of the ice. Broken ice beneath the ice, bumping into the protruding parts of the talnik, accumulates in horseshoe-shaped traps and is frozen in a chaotic manner due to the good thermal conductivity of the ice faster than in the rest of the ice cover (Fig. 2). Between the traps, a stagnant zone forms, where the thickness of the ice cover becomes greater than in the water area with the course. After the time necessary for complete freezing of the water layer between the pieces of ice in the last horseshoe-shaped traps, the crossing is ready for operation.

During the operation of the ice crossing in some places, the thickness of ice necessary for crossing is reduced or wormwood is formed. To accelerate the restoration of the ice crossing downstream, along the edge where the ice thickness has become less than the permissible ice thickness for the transport crossing, or the resulting wormwood, drill holes located horseshoe-shaped (Fig. 3) and freeze talniks, trunks of thin trees or other improvised material. Upstream they break the ice and launch them under the ice so that broken ice accumulates in horseshoe-shaped traps to the required thickness of the ice crossing. The water located between the broken ice due to the high thermal conductivity of the ice will freeze faster.

Sometimes a vehicle, such as a tractor, falls under the ice. In such cases, in order to pull the transport to the surface of the ice, it is frozen into ice by gradually breaking off the layer of ice around it so as not to pierce the thinning layer of the chipped ice and water will not enter the space around the transport that is free of ice. Otherwise, the leaked water will fill the indicated space and the chipping of ice around the transport will have to be repeated. The increase in the thickness of the chipped ice occurs by a natural increase in the thickness of the ice due to the cooling of water through thinning ice by atmospheric air. In the proposed method, as well as when restoring a separate section of an ice crossing, downhill transport on ice drills holes located horseshoe-shaped (Fig. 4) and freezes talons, trunks of thin trees or other improvised material so that the length of the protruding part talnikov under the ice was below the lowest part of the failed transport or reached the bottom of the reservoir. Upstream they break the ice and launch them under the ice so that broken ice accumulates in horseshoe-shaped traps until the failed transport is walled up. The water located between the broken ice due to the high thermal conductivity of the ice will freeze faster. As the crushed ice freezes around the transport, ice layers around the transport are gradually and carefully cracked to accelerate the freezing of the broken ice.

Thus, without waiting for a natural increase in the thickness of the ice cover over the entire surface of the river, you can increase it at the point of crossing or to restore the necessary thickness of the ice crossing, increasing the artificially bearing capacity of ice to the thickness necessary for crossing the transport, and also accelerate the process of complete freezing in the ice of the failed transport in order to pull the transport to the surface of the ice.

Claims (3)

1. The method of accelerated creation and restoration of an ice crossing, which consists in clearing the surface of the ice from snow, placing an ice layer along the intended path of the ice crossing, characterized in that along the planned crossing, as the river freezes from opposite banks towards each other, improvised materials are frozen (talniks) at an angle of less than 90 ° relative to the ice surface in the form of a horseshoe, where accumulated ice is frozen and frozen to the thickness necessary for the transport to cross. 2. A method for the accelerated creation and restoration of an ice crossing according to claim 1, characterized in that downstream along the edge, where the ice thickness has become less than the permissible ice thickness for the transport crossing, or the horseshoe shaped holes are drilled, and horseshoe-shaped holes are drilled in them freeze improvised material (talniks), and break the ice upstream and launch it under the ice so that broken ice accumulates in horseshoe-shaped traps to the required thickness of the ice crossing. 3. A method for accelerated creation and restoration of an ice crossing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that horseshoe-shaped holes are drilled on ice downstream of the failed transport and the improvised material (talniks) is frozen so that the protruding part of the talniks under the ice is lower the lowest part of the failed transport, or reached the bottom of the reservoir, and upstream they break the ice and run them under the ice so that the broken ice accumulates in horseshoe-shaped traps until the failure is completely walled up Xia transport.

Images