RU2641915C1 - Method for intensifying natural feed base of fish-breeding ponds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes introducing the probiotic "Prolam" in an amount of 10-15 l/ha into a water basin. The probiotic is applied for 2-3 days after filling the basin.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase the ecological safety of cultivated products.

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Description

The invention relates to pond fish farming and can be used to stimulate the development of zooplankton in fish ponds.

The main task of pond fish farming is to get the maximum production per unit space of the reservoir in the shortest possible time. A characteristic feature of fish ponds is the extremely high density of cultivated fish objects in them, not observed in natural conditions. At the same time, the natural forage base of fish ponds, as a rule, cannot provide fish farming facilities with food during the entire growing period. With compacted landings, fish quickly eat away invertebrates. Therefore, one of the most important problems of pond fish farming is the availability of live food to increase the survival of fish larvae, especially in the early stages of development. At the early stages of fish ontogenesis, an important factor determining their growth and development is trophicity of fish-breeding ponds, which is assessed by qualitative and quantitative indicators of food organisms. When switching to active feeding, the larvae of herbivorous fish prefer small rotifers, cladocera and copepods, protozoa, and if there is a lack or absence of them, they do not switch to forced feeding by organisms unusual for them.

There is a need for artificial stimulation of the development of natural fodder resources of fish ponds. To increase the fish productivity of pond farms, various methods of intensifying feed resources are used. One of the methods of intensification is the use of mineral and organic fertilizers, as well as their complex use.

A known method of intensification of the food supply of ponds (Karpenko G.I., Shevtsova G.N., Pereverzeva E.V., Golovko G.V. Comparative analysis of ways to increase fish productivity of ponds in the technological process of reproduction of fish and shemai // The main problems of fisheries and protection of fishery reservoirs of the Azov-Black Sea basin. Collection of scientific works (2002-2003). - Rostov-on-Don. - 2004. - P. 295-303.4), which consists in the fact that before flooding the ponds fractionally contribute mineral fertilizers: nitroammophoskos, urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride on average from races a couple of 25 kg / ha of the active principle.

The disadvantages of this method are the poor solubility of superphosphate in water and the large amount of fertilizer applied, which entails unnecessary labor costs.

A known method of intensification of the natural forage base of fish ponds (RF patent No. 2366147, IPC АСС 21/00, published on 09/10/2009), which consists in the fact that immediately after the ponds are poured fertilizers in the amount of 25-35 kg / ha of ammonium nitrate, 15 -25 kg / ha of potassium monophosphate and 30-40 kg / ha of potassium chloride, and after 14-20 days, 40-60 kg / ha of ammonium nitrate, 15-25 kg / ha of potassium monophosphate and 10-20 kg / ha of chloride are re-introduced potassium.

However, the application of mineral fertilizers often causes side biochemical and physical processes that adversely affect fish products.

The aim of the invention is to significantly increase the yield of zooplankton biomass and increase the fish productivity of the reservoir with the possibility of obtaining more environmentally friendly fish products.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of intensification of the natural forage base of fish ponds, including the application of fertilizers, according to the invention, the probiotic "Prolam" is used as fertilizer, which is introduced into the reservoir in an amount of 10-15 l / ha for 2-3 days after the pond is poured .

The drug "Prolam" is registered in the Russian Federation under No. PVR-1-4.0 / 02558. This is a liquid preparation that consists of the microbial mass of Lactobacillusdelbrueckiisubsp microorganisms. bulgaricus, Lactobacillusacidophilus 43c, Lactococcuslactissubsp. lactis 574, Lactococcuslactissubsp. lactis 1704-5, Bifidobacteriumanimalis 83, water, milk, beet molasses. "Prolam" is used in animal husbandry and poultry farming and is prescribed with drinking (milk, water) or food, as well as with aerosol and coarse spray method (spray method). Prolamic Prolam is a 100% natural product with high environmental performance, safe for animals and fish in all doses, while keeping livestock, poultry and fish products safe for humans. When a probiotic is introduced into a body of water as a fertilizer, the beneficial bacteria that make up the drug act as additional links in the trophic system of the body of water, which increases the natural food supply and, as a result, increases fish productivity. In addition, the beneficial bacteria that make up the Prolam create an obstacle to the reproduction of harmful pathogenic organisms, normalizing the microbiological situation in the reservoir. The concentration of beneficial microorganisms in the reservoir gradually increases, which accelerates the development of zooplankton. The metabolic products of the components of the biological product after their action are completely biodegradable, i.e. the ecology of the reservoir does not deteriorate and the possibility of growing ecologically safe fish products increases.

The set of distinctive features of the described method ensures the achievement of the specified technical result.

As a result of the analysis of the prior art, no analogue was found that was characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the invention, and the determination of the prototype from the identified analogues made it possible to identify a set of distinctive features that are significant in relation to the technical result. Therefore, the invention meets the condition of "novelty."

In an additional search for other technical solutions related to methods of intensifying the food supply of ponds, these distinguishing features were not found. Thus, the invention meets the condition of "inventive step".

The method is as follows.

After flooding the fish ponds, for example, on the 3rd day, bacterial fertilizer is introduced with a stream of water, using the Prolam probiotic in the amount of 10-15 liters per hectare of ponds.

Throughout the growing season, we monitored the main hydrochemical indicators of the water of experimental fish ponds. The results of the inspection showed that the water indicators were within the standard values.

Example. For the study, four fish ponds of the same area and depth were used. Water reservoirs were filled at the same time.

The introduction of a different dosage probiotic was carried out in three experimental ponds according to the scheme shown in table 1. The fourth pond was left for control, the probiotic preparation was not added to it.

The development of zooplankton in experimental ponds was monitored in three stages: sampling of zooplankton before application of the drug, after the first 5 days, then 10 days, 15 days and the final stage - 20 days. Data monitoring the development of zooplankton when using the probiotic "Prolam" are shown in table 2.

During the experiment, the hydrochemical indicators of water quality in all ponds were similar and corresponded to optimal values for the rapid maturation and development of invertebrates. The oxygen concentration ranged from 7-8 mg / l, free carbon dioxide was 2.3-5.1 mg / l, permanganate oxidation was 3-6 mgO ₂ / l, the active reaction of the medium was 7.0-8.2, temperature water - 25-26 ° C.

From table 2 it is seen that the zooplankton biomass in the experimental ponds before the introduction of the probiotic were in the range of 0.482-0.539 g / m ³ and corresponded to the indices of the control pond. It should be noted that the experimental reservoirs were operated for a long period without launching and without carrying out the necessary complex of preparatory work for the fish season, which leads to their low biological productivity.

Five days after the introduction of the drug, an increase in zooplankton biomass was noted in all experimental ponds.

As can be seen from table 2 in pond No. 1, the zooplankton biomass increased 2.5 times and amounted to 1.346 g / m ³ . The biomass of zooplankton in pond No. 2 after the introduction of the probiotic increased from 0.451 to 2.103 g / m ³ , more than 4.5 times. In pond No. 3 over the same period, the quantitative indicator of zooplankton quadrupled and amounted to 1.970 g / m ³ .

10-15-20 days after the start of the experiment, in ponds No. 2 and No. 3 using a probiotic with a dosage of 10 l / ha and 15 l / ha, respectively, a further increase in the biomass of planktonic organisms was noted.

T.O. a comparison of quantitative indicators of zooplankton in the control and experimental ponds indicates a significant positive effect of the probiotic on the development of aquatic invertebrates when introduced into ponds in the amount of 10-15 l / ha.

The dominant forms of zooplankton in all three experimental ponds throughout the experiment were Brachionus calyciflorus from rotifers, Bosmina longirostris and Moina rectrostris from pedigree cancers, and Cyclops strenuous and its larval stages were representative of copepods.

The introduction of "Prolam" once at the beginning of the fish breeding season in the amount of 10-15 l / ha is sufficient for growing and growing larvae, for example, for reproduction, because when releasing juveniles into natural reservoirs, a large hitch is not particularly required. In commercial fish farming, when intensive growth in the mass of fish is required at all stages of cultivation, it is necessary to additionally introduce “Prolam” into the ponds once a month. Because the drug is harmless, it does not violate the ecology of the reservoir.

The audit showed that after using bacterial fertilizer, the main chemical indicators of the water of experimental fish ponds were within the standard values throughout the growing season.

The use of the environmentally friendly bacterial preparation "Prolam" in fish ponds as an alternative to fertilizers showed an increase in the natural food supply. Its use does not lead to the accumulation of mineral compounds in products and allows to increase the environmental safety of farmed products.

Claims (1)

The method of intensification of the natural forage base of fish ponds, including the application of fertilizers, characterized in that the probiotic Prolam, which is introduced into the pond in the amount of 10-15 l / ha for 2-3 days after the pond is poured, is used as fertilizer.