RU2640991C1 - Fire-fighting clothes of fire-rescuer for integrated protection from dangerous fire factors, ballistic and dynamic exposures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.SUBSTANCE: complex of its protective properties is provided in one protection packet, including the top fabric, made of paraaramid materials, heat-insulating lining and flexible flat armour protection elements that determines safe working conditions when using such fire-fighting clothes without additional protection elements, increasing the weight of the product and decreasing its ergonomic characteristics and reliability.EFFECT: complex protection from dangerous fire factors, ballistic and dynamic exposures in firefighting and eliminating emergencies at various sites, buildings and structures.1 tbl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of personal protective equipment and presents combat clothing of a firefighter-rescuer, providing comprehensive protection against dangerous fire factors, ballistic and dynamic effects when fighting fires and eliminating emergency situations at various facilities, buildings and structures.

Firefighter’s combat clothing is the most popular means of personal protection for firefighters and is used to extinguish all types of fires: natural, man-made in any buildings and structures.

In accordance with the terms and definitions in accordance with GOST R 53264-2009 “fire fighting clothing (BOP): A set of multilayer special protective clothing for general use, consisting of a jacket, trousers (semi-overalls) and designed to protect the firefighter from dangerous and harmful environmental factors arising during fire fighting and rescue operations, as well as from adverse climatic influences. ”

The fire hazards affecting people in accordance with the federal law “On fire safety requirements” dated July 22, 2008 No. 123-ФЗ (as amended by version 117-ФЗ dated July 10, 2012), article 8, include heat - flame , sparks, heat flux, elevated ambient temperature. The accompanying manifestations of dangerous fire factors include fragments, parts of collapsed buildings, weapons, vehicles, technological installations, equipment, assemblies, products and other property, as well as dangerous explosion factors that occurred as a result of a fire.

и, кратковременно,

, открытого пламени в течение не менее 5 с, воздействию температуры окружающей среды до 300°C, а при контакте с нагретыми до 400°C твердыми поверхностями материалы внешнего слоя боевой одежды должны иметь высокий уровень значений кислородного индекса и физико-механических показателей (разрывная нагрузка, сопротивление раздиранию, устойчивость к истиранию и многократному изгибу).In accordance with the requirements of GOST R 53264-2009 (paragraph 5.2.1, paragraph 5.3.1), developed to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Federal Law: “On Fire Safety Requirements”, combat clothing and materials and fabrics used for its manufacture must be resistant to heat flux

and, briefly,

open flame for at least 5 s, exposure to ambient temperature up to 300 ° C, and in contact with solid surfaces heated to 400 ° C, the materials of the outer layer of military clothing should have a high level of oxygen index and physical and mechanical properties (breaking load resistance to tearing, resistance to abrasion and repeated bending).

Resistance to these unfavorable and dangerous factors, and hence the protective properties of BOP, is ensured primarily by the composition of a multilayer package of specially selected materials and fabrics, as well as by design. Both abroad and in Russia, polyaramide materials and fabrics (made of meta and para-aramid fibers), non-woven and woven, made of multifilament and yarn threads under various brands, are used as the main components of the BOP protective package - top material and heat-insulating lining - Nomex , Kevlar, Twaron, Piroviteks, Silotex, Rusar, Ruslan, Terus, etc.

Recently, in connection with a number of cases that occurred during extinguishing fires and eliminating emergencies, it became necessary to provide individual protection for a firefighter-rescuer not only from the above-mentioned dangerous thermal factors, but also from various ballistic and dynamic effects. The threat of ballistic and dynamic effects exists when extinguishing fires and eliminating emergency situations at the following sites:

- stockpiles of ammunition, explosives, materials and products;

- facilities for the production of explosives, materials and products;

- trains and other vehicles transporting explosive substances, materials and products;

- buildings and structures located in the zone of military conflicts and (or) riots;

- individual houses and garages equipped with gas, including unprotected cylinders;

- construction and repair facilities on which gas welding works are carried out.

For safe working conditions at these facilities, personnel should be equipped in military clothing that provides protection from dangerous fire factors and ballistic and dynamic effects.

Tests for protection against ballistic influences are carried out in accordance with the methods set forth in GOST R 55623-2013 “Armored clothing. Test Methods. "

Known:

Firefighter’s combat clothing (patent for invention RU 2233603 C2, published on 08/10/2004, Bull. No. 22) made of heat-resistant materials, made of a package of layers, which contains an outer layer of heat-resistant materials, waterproofing and heat-insulating intermediate layers and an inner lining layer of cotton tissue. The outer heat-resistant layer is made of fabric made of polyaramide yarns. The technical result is to reduce the cost of manufacturing clothing without reducing its quality.

Firefighter’s combat clothing made of heat-resistant materials (patent RU 2002112743 A, publ. 10.11.2003), in which the multilayer protective bag is characterized in that the waterproofing intermediate layer is made of coated fiberglass and the heat-insulating intermediate layer is made of needle-punched fabric containing natural and synthetic fibers.

Firefighter’s combat clothing (options) (patent for utility model RU 145889 U1, publ. 09/27/2014, Bull. No. 27), consisting of an outer suit, including a jacket and trousers. At the same time, the jacket and trousers are made of fire-retardant polyaramide material with water-repellent and fire-resistant impregnation with a one-sided polymer coating, and the heat-insulating linings for the jacket and trousers are made of a multilayer material containing an outer heat-insulating layer of fire-resistant needle-punched fabric and woolen wadding of cotton and hygienic fabric .

Firefighter’s combat clothing (options) (utility model patent RU 117814 U1, published on July 10, 2012, Bull. No. 19), made in the form of at least one piece of clothing selected from the group comprising at least a jacket, trousers, removable hood. The details of the top of each garment are made in the form of a package of layers, including at least an outer layer of fabric with flame retardant properties, a waterproofing layer, a heat-insulating layer and a lining layer, characterized in that the outer layer of fabric with flame retardant properties and a waterproofing layer are combined and made in the form of a layer of fire-resistant Arselon fabric made of polyoxodiazole fiber with a waterproof finish.

Firefighter’s combat clothing made of heat-resistant materials (patent RU 99125974 A, published 12.2001), including a jacket and bib overall, comprising an outer layer made of polyaramide yarn fabric, an intermediate layer of needle-punched heat-insulating fabric, including polyacrylonitrile and wool fibers and cotton inner layer. Hydroprotection functions are ensured due to the fact that the clothing is provided with an additional second intermediate layer following the outer one, consisting of rubberized fabric.

The description given in the indicated patents does not confirm the conformity of combat clothing to the requirements of the Federal Law “On Fire Safety Requirements” and GOST R 53264-2009 for heat and fire retardant characteristics. The multilayer protective package of materials and fabrics is not intended to protect against ballistic and dynamic effects.

Known Firefighters' clothing, combinable from individual elements (patent for utility model RU 8875 U1, publ. 16.01.1999), including a vest and its elements connected with it, supplementing it. Complementary elements are made in the form of a raincoat worn over the vest, as well as at least two linings placed between the raincoat and the vest. In this case, the lining adjacent to the cloak is formed of two layers: the waterproof layer facing the cloak and the next insulating layer, and the remaining lining is formed only of the insulating layer.

There is no information in the patent description confirming the conformity of clothing with the requirements for thermal protection set forth in the Federal Law "On Fire Safety Requirements" and GOST R 53264-2009, as well as the requirements for ballistic and dynamic protection. In addition, GOST R 53264-2009 provides for the constructive manufacture of BOP in the form of a kit consisting of a jacket and trousers (semi-overalls), as the most ergonomic and convenient for performing various actions in case of fire, rather than a raincoat.

Known multi-purpose protective clothing (patent for invention US 20060260020, A41D 1/00, 11/23/2006), which consists of a jacket and trousers. Jacket and trousers contain inner and outer layers. The inner layer is suitable for wearing both individually and in combination with the outer layer. The inner layer forms the first protective product compatible with the NFPA Standard 1999 for protective clothing for emergency medical operations and the NFPA Standard 1951 (search and rescue in urban areas). The inner layer, in combination with the outer layer, forms the second level of protective clothing that complies with NFPA 1971 Standard for Firefighter Protective Clothing.

In the patent description there is no information confirming the conformity of clothing with the requirements for thermal protection set forth in the Federal Law "On Fire Safety Requirements" and GOST R 53264-2009.

Known protective clothing for military, paramilitary and emergency working conditions (patent for invention CA 2503012, A62B 17/00, 09/14/2006), designed for firefighters and rescuers working in military or paramilitary conditions, to eliminate the accident. It consists of the outer and inner layers providing thermal insulation, as well as a moisture barrier between the outer and inner layers. The outer layer has a surface with high visibility on one side and with low visibility on the back. The outer surface of the outer layer has a reflective trim. A surface with low visibility does not have it. The moisture barrier material may be detachably attached to the outer layer. Protective clothing with a high visibility outer surface and an inner lining as a moisture barrier complies with the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1971 standard for firefighter combat clothing.

From the description given in the patent, it is not clear what distinguishing features the claimed product possesses, protecting the person from thermal factors of the fire, dynamic and ballistic effects. The reflective trim apparently provides the IR reflection function, but without explanation, how effective.

Emergency and rescue clothing is known (patent for utility model CN 204146388, A41D 13/01, A41D 27/00, A41D 27/10, 02/11/2015). Elements of emergency clothing are a jacket and trousers, interconnected through a connecting element; the collar, cuffs and the lower edge of the jacket are provided with clamping holes; trouser legs also have holes for tightening; the jacket and trousers consist of comfortable layers, heat-insulating layers and fire-retardant layers, which are located in the direction from the inside out. New elements of emergency clothing have the advantages of simplifying the design of structures, high performance, high reliability when used in conditions of flash, explosion, while providing good comfort compared to conventional fire fighting clothing. The heat-insulating effect is equivalent to a firefighter’s clothing with half the weight. The clothes are light and comfortable and fit the human figure.

There is no information in the patent description confirming the conformity of clothing with the requirements for thermal protection set forth in the Federal Law "On Fire Safety Requirements" and GOST R 53264-2009, as well as the requirements for ballistic and dynamic protection. A simplified design and a halved mass do not give reason to talk about the possibility of the necessary protection against thermal factors of the fire.

Comprehensive firefighter protective clothing is known (patent for utility model CN 202340864, A41D 13/00, A41D 27/00, A41D 27/10, July 25, 2012), which provides comprehensive protection for extinguishing a fire. Clothing provides protection to the chest, back and arms. The protective structure contains an outer flame retardant layer, an intermediate layer and a comfortable layer, which are arranged in a certain sequence. The intermediate layer comprises a washable oil-repellent layer arranged in series, a porous waterproof layer and a heat-insulating layer. A washable oil repellent layer is bonded to a porous waterproof layer. The porous waterproof layer is hot pressed onto a heat-insulating layer. The outer fire-resistant layer, the intermediate layer and the heat-insulating layer are conveniently sewn into the details of the clothing. The outer layer of protective clothing and the other three layers cannot be removed to provide protection against burns during the fire extinguishing process in the summer in the absence of underwear.

The complexity of the firefighter’s protective clothing considered is to provide protection against a number of adverse and dangerous factors - exposure to an open flame, high ambient temperature, various oils, etc. But protection against ballistic and dynamic effects is not provided. No data are given on ambient temperature, time of protection against exposure to an open flame, that is, data on compliance with the requirements of the technical regulation “On Fire Safety Requirements” and GOST R 53264-2009.

Known mixed fiber for yarn and fabrics made of woolen and aramid fibers for multifunctional military, fire and industrial protective clothing for the purpose of providing multifunctional protection for the user (Patent for invention US 2010285285, B32B 3/10, B32B 5/00, B32B 5/02 07/02/2013). Mixtures of aramid fibers, blends, wool fibers, and electrostatic dissipative fibers are used. A mixture of aramid fibers includes meta-aramid, para-aramid and electrostatic dissipative fibers.

The description given in the patent does not give an understanding of what values of protective indicators can be achieved using the specified mixed fiber in clothes.

Famous combat clothing of fire-rescuers of the first level of protection of the Volbrok firm, a review article by the authors Rusetskiy Yu.G., Ivanov AV, website htpp: //volbrok.ru/artikle01.shtml.

The suit, consisting of a jacket and trousers, is made of heat-resistant Rusar top fabric with high values of physical and mechanical properties and provides the necessary level of thermal fire protection in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 53264-2009 (resistance to heat flux, open flame, ambient environment with high temperature, etc.). But at the same time, the design of the suit and its multi-layer protective package do not provide protection against dynamic (shock) and ballistic influences.

Known armor heat-protective overalls (patent for the invention RU 2474783 C1, publ. 02/10/2013, Bull. No. 4).

The invention relates to the field of weapons and equipment, to the development of protective uniforms and can be used for the manufacture of armor-heat-protective suits for special forces and the Ministry of Emergencies. The armor-heat-protective jumpsuit includes the left and right front parts, the back of the legs, the yoke, the back with the back sides and the outer and inner parts of the sleeves sewn with the front and rear longitudinal seams, while the elements of the overalls are made of the outer cover and lining and are equipped with sewn between the last protective packages, including, counting from the cover, a three-layer armor-heat shield in the form of a plate of nonwoven material from aramid fibers, combed and loosened to crimped monofilaments enclosed between the shell aramid fabric, and a ballistic barrier of three to eight layers of aramid fabric, and one or four of the last, counting from the cover, layers of the barrier are made with an overlap over the rest, these overlaps are used for bending when edging the edges of the screen or for stitching jumpsuit elements without overlap armor-heat-shielding screens, and the cover and lining are cut with a lap above the screen, and the laps of the cover and lining are used to edge the edges of the overalls or for stitching together with the laps of the screen elements, or for lice anija parts, wherein the cover is made of a fabric of increased drapability and also based flame resistance of aramid yarn fibers. The technical result of the invention is the development of a more technologically advanced in the manufacture of protective overalls of increased reliability, higher quality.

The patent mainly protects the manufacturing technology of armor-heat-protective overalls. Moreover, if armor protection is determined by the differentiated number of layers of aramid material and fabric, but without specifying protection against ballistic influences in absolute numbers, confirming compliance with the requirements of GOST R 55623-2013, then thermal protection in the patent description and its compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law “On Fire Requirements safety ”and GOST R 53264-2009 is not confirmed in any way. In addition, GOST R 53264-2009 provides for the constructive production of BOP in the form of a kit consisting of a jacket and trousers (semi-overalls), but not overalls.

The closest analogue adopted for the prototype is a suit of combat clothing of rescuers operating in conditions of burning objects in the presence of flying and falling objects of a collapsing object (patent for invention RU 2516842 C2, publ. 05.20.2014, Bull. No. 14).

The suit kit includes lifeguard combat clothing made of Rusar heat-resistant fabric, a protective helmet and a protective vest, which consists of a fabric lining in which elastic frame racks are fixed by means of clips on a hard belt of trousers. The protective shell, which is mounted on elastic frame racks, multilayer, contains external and internal packages. The outer package is multi-layer, each layer is made of stainless steel rings. Three-layer inner protective layer - a layer of perforated polymeric material, for example, aramid, and elastic-elastic mesh elements made of stainless steel. The implementation of the elastic material of the frame racks connected to the belt of the trousers allows you to dampen the impact (make it elastic), and the protective shell prevents injury to the skin of the lifeguard. Thus, protection against thermal factors of the fire and dynamic effects is provided.

The specified suit has the following disadvantages. The use of multi-layer combat clothing in conjunction with a multi-layer vest worn underneath reduces the ergonomic characteristics of the suit, making it difficult for the firefighter to rescue. The design described may be ergonomically incompatible with other personal protective equipment (Article 118, paragraph 2 of F3-123 “On fire safety requirements”). It also creates an additional inconvenience in the work and the need to put on and wear a hard waist belt in addition to the life-saving fire belt required by the BOP. All this complicates the implementation of paragraph 5.2.4.1 of GOST 53264-2009. In addition, in relation to the BOP, there are restrictions on weight (maximum permissible weight of not more than 7.0 kg) and donning time (not more than 30 s), established in clause 5.2.4.2, table. 2 GOST 53264-2009. With this design using steel elements, the mass of the BOP can be more than the maximum permissible, and the donning time will be clearly more than 30 s.

The complex design of the suit reduces its reliability.

The design of shockproof and damping elements is not designed for ballistic effects defined by GOST R 55623-2013.

The objective of the invention is the provision of the use of combat clothing of the required level of protection for a firefighter-rescuer from the effects of thermal factors of the fire, dynamic and ballistic influences and the increase of ergonomic characteristics of combat clothing by simplifying its design and optimizing the multilayer protective package.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that combat clothing is made in the form of a jacket and semi-overalls that make up one multilayer protective bag, which includes top fabric made of para-aramid materials, a heat-insulating lining, and flexible plate-elements of armor protection. Thus, additional multilayer protective bags and structural elements are excluded from the design.

The technical effect realized by the inventive combat clothing of a firefighter-rescuer for comprehensive protection from dangerous fire factors, ballistic and dynamic effects is determined by the following. The use of one multilayer bag of non-woven and woven para-aramid materials in a jacket and semi-overalls, which possesses the necessary thermo-flame retardant and physico-mechanical properties and provides dynamic and armor protection, makes it possible to manufacture and put into practice combat clothing, which:

- meets the requirements of the Federal Law "On Fire Safety Requirements", GOST R 53264-2009 and GOST R 55623-2013;

- creates the necessary level of individual protection of a person from dangerous fire factors and ballistic and dynamic effects;

- possesses the necessary ergonomic characteristics;

- compatible with other personal protective equipment used by rescue firefighters.

A practical solution of the claimed invention was realized when developing a set of fire fighting clothing with elements of armor protection TU BOP 3.00.000TU. Fire-rescue combat clothing for comprehensive protection against dangerous fire factors and ballistic and dynamic effects (hereinafter BOP BZ) refers to type T, type U and X according to GOST 53264-2009.

The set of BOP BZ includes:

- combat clothing (jacket, bib) with a heat-insulating lining and built-in flexible flat elements of armor protection from ballistic and dynamic effects;

- armor panel composite organoceramic; *

- removable ballistic protection of the cylinder of the breathing apparatus; *

- a set of heat-resistant linen, used as an additional heat-insulating lining, and hand protection for type X;

- heat-resistant comforter;

- set of spare parts;

- transportation bag.

* They are used additionally, if necessary, at the place of extinguishing a fire, liquidation of an emergency

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the BOP BZ (front view A and rear view B):

1 - jacket with anti-splinter protection;

2 - semi-overalls with ballistic protection;

3 - armor panel composite organoceramic;

4 - anti-shatter protective cover of the cylinder of the breathing apparatus;

5 - a set of heat-resistant linen.

The protective properties of the BOP BZ (passive thermal and armor protection) are ensured by the use of a single multilayer package of materials and fabrics made of para-aramid fibers, including top fabric, heat-insulating lining and elements of armor protection in the form of flexible plates that are part of the jacket and semi-overalls, without the use of additional equipment structural elements that increase the mass of the BOP, the time of putting it on and reduce the ergonomic characteristics of the product its reliability. The top fabric, heat-insulating lining and armor protection, made in the form of a single multilayer protective package, provide comprehensive protection against dangerous fire factors and ballistic and dynamic effects. At the same time, the armor protection, which is part of the multi-layer package of the jacket and semi-overalls, is differentiated, providing general anti-fragmentation protection of the body, additional local anti-fragmentation protection of vital organs (LVE) in the abdominal cavity and chest area and the use, if necessary, of an armored panel. The organoceramic armored panel is worn if necessary over the BOP BZ on the straps.

In FIG. 2 presents the composition of the multilayer protective package and the scheme of thermal and ballistic effects on the package:

6 - top fabric;

7 - waterproof membrane;

8 - elements of armor protection;

9 - a heat-insulating lining, which enhances, among other things, the effectiveness of armor protection elements;

10 - hygienic lining.

The design of the trigger BOP BZ in accordance with the requirements of GOST 53264-2009 allows you to use it with any helmets, both firefighters and helmets for special purposes, armored helmets, as well as breathing apparatus used in fire protection.

The main indicators of the appointment of materials and fabrics BOP BZ are shown in table 1.

The appointment indicators given in the table are confirmed by test reports (Appendix 1, Appendix 2). Distinctive features of the proposed technical solution are new and meet the criterion of "novelty."

An analysis of the technical solutions described above showed that the well-known combat clothing models do not solve the formulated problem solved by the firefighter's declared combat clothing for comprehensive protection against thermal and ballistic influences.

Claims (1)

Firefighter-rescue combat clothing for comprehensive protection against dangerous fire factors and ballistic and dynamic effects, containing a jacket, semi-overalls, characterized in that the combat clothing is made in the form of a jacket and semi-overalls, containing one multilayer protective package, which includes made of para-aramid materials upper fabric, heat-insulating lining and flexible plates-elements of armor protection, thereby excluding from the design additional multilayer protective bags and structural elements cops.

Images