RU2640079C2 - Chemical compression reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering.SUBSTANCE: chemical compression reactor contains a crank mechanism, a chamber-body pair that is a reaction chamber and a body located therein for compressing a mixture of reagents as it moves between the zones of the top and bottom dead points, delimiting it when it is in the zone of the bottom dead center, the working volume in chamber, a channel for the introduction of reagents into the working volume and a channel for the withdrawal of the processed product from the working volume. The crank mechanism is made with connecting rods, which are connected with the camera-body pair, with the possibility of reciprocating movement to the zones of the top dead center and the zones of the bottom dead point of the body in chamber. In the chamber-body pair, the pressure sensors in the working volume and the sensors for withdrawal of processed product from the working volume are made. The input channel of the camera-body pair is configured to communicate with the working volume when the body is in the area of bottom dead center. The withdrawal channel of the camera-body pair is configured to communicate with a part of the working volume equal to the volume of the working volume minus the volume located between the zones of the top and bottom dead points. In the introduction and withdrawal channels control valves are installed, respectively, introduction and withdrawal. The chamber-body pair is provided with a quenching chamber configured to communicate with the working volume through a controllable withdrawal channel valve. To control the operation of reactor, a software and hardware complex is implemented, with which controllable valves, a pressure sensor, a processed product withdrawal sensor, and a crank mechanism with connecting rods are connected.EFFECT: invention ensures the continuity of processing reaction during compression, the ability to adjust the position of the top dead center, improve the purity of processed product, improve the environmental friendliness of processing process, and reduce energy costs for processing.22 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydrocarbon processing, to the field of hydrocarbon production, to the field of petrochemicals and oil refining, to chemical engineering, to the field of ecology and can be used in the production of synthesis gas, synthetic oil, fuel for internal combustion engines, and to destroy toxic compounds.

Known chemical compression reactor (see the description of the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2129462 for the invention, IPC: 6 B01J 7/00, C01B 3/36, C01B 3/32, C01B 3/34), containing a crank mechanism associated with a crank with a crank mechanism, the camera-body-reaction couple and the body made in it to compress the reagent mixture when moving between the zones of upper and lower dead points, delimiting the working volume in the chamber, the channel for introducing reagents into the working volume when it is in the zone of lower dead center channel output product from the working volume, means and preparing a mixture of the reactants which are connected to the input channel. The camera-body pair is made in the form of a cylinder-piston group — a cylinder-piston; a crank mechanism is implemented with a connecting rod pushing the piston connected to the piston. Input and output channels are made by a valve drive system. Each cylinder is equipped with means for preparing a mixture of reagents - a prechamber with an air supply system, which ensures the creation of a mixture in it with a composition that determines reliable forced ignition. The cylinder valve actuator is configured to enable the inlet valve to be unlocked (inlet channel) only after the outlet valve has been locked (outlet channel). The device uses a mechanical, electromagnetic or hydromechanical valve actuator.

The inlet valve (inlet channel) and the outlet valve (outlet channel) are located in the same area of the chamber - near the top dead center zone. The input and output channels are configured to reach the top dead center zone by the moving body and not completely withdraw the processed product from the chamber.

The device operates on a four-cycle cycle with forced ignition and is intended mainly to produce synthesis gas from rich mixtures of hydrocarbon gases with air - from a methane-air mixture.

As the closest analogue, a chemical compression reactor was selected (see the description of the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2096313 for the invention, IPC: 6 C01B 3/36) containing a crank mechanism connected with a crank mechanism of the camera-body-reaction chamber pair and made it contains a body for compressing the mixture of reagents when moving between the zones of upper and lower dead points, delimiting the working volume in the chamber, the inlet channel (inlet valve) of reagents into the working volume and the outlet channel (exhaust valve) when it is in the zone of lower dead center Ukta processing from the stroke volume, means of preparing a mixture with the substance, which are connected with the input channel.

The device is designed on the basis of a compression type internal combustion engine, the cylinder of which is a closed-volume reaction chamber, in which a piston is connected, connected with a crank mechanism, providing a pushing force from the connecting rod to the piston - a moving body. The inlet and outlet valves are located in the zone of the top dead center of the cylinder, while the inlet valve is connected to the reagent-oxidizer and hydrocarbon feed mixer and their heater, and the exhaust valve is connected to the oxidation products receiver. The piston of the cylinder is connected to the drive through a crank mechanism. An electric motor or other type of drive is connected to the crank shaft.

The described device is designed to produce predominantly synthesis gas. It works cyclically with a piston speed of at least 350 min ^-1 in the cylinder. The minimum quantitative value of the cycle frequency is determined by the fact that at a relatively lower compression rate, self-ignition of the working mixture is not provided.

It is impossible to ensure with the given reactors: achieving continuity of the processing reaction to obtain the desired product during compression after its launch; the achievement of prolongation of the operating time of the desired product in compression; increasing the ratio of the amount of the final product obtained to the amount of the feed material being processed; expanding the temperature range of the preheating of the reagent mixture, reducing its lower value and / or increasing the upper value; reduction of energy costs for processing the substance; expanding the range of processed substances; increasing the purity of the processed product; reduction in by-products; reduction of time to obtain the finished product; environmental friendliness of the processing process; expanding the pressure range in the reaction chamber during processing; achieving the ability to control the position of the zone of top dead center in the reaction chamber.

Obstructive causes are as follows. Firstly, the processing is carried out with indirect pressure control in the working volume of the reaction chamber during the compression-expansion cycle. The change in pressure, its control, occurs through a change in the working volume, with a change in volume in a fixed range of quantities, with strictly specified motion parameters, since a moving body realizes a change in volume, making a reciprocating motion in strictly specified spatial limits of the chamber and with a fixed frequency. Pressure control for the processing reaction is not optimized. Secondly, the compression of the mixture during processing is carried out by a moving body due to the pushing force of the connecting rod of the crank mechanism with which the body is connected.

The technical result is:

- achieving continuity of the processing reaction with obtaining the desired product in compression after its launch;

- the achievement of prolonging the operating time of the desired product in compression;

- increasing the ratio of the amount of the resulting final product to the amount of the original processed substance;

- expanding the temperature range of the preheating of the reagent mixture, reducing its lower value and / or increasing the upper value;

- reduction of energy costs for the processing of substances;

- expanding the range of processed substances;

- increasing the purity of the processed product;

- reduction in the content of by-products;

- reducing the time to obtain the finished product;

- increasing the environmental friendliness of the processing process;

- expansion of the pressure range in the reaction chamber during processing;

- the achievement of the ability to control the position of the zone of top dead center in the reaction chamber.

The technical result is achieved in a chemical compression reactor containing a crank mechanism associated with a crank mechanism of a pair of camera-body-reaction chamber and the body located in it to compress the mixture of reagents when moving between the zones of upper and lower dead points, delimiting when located it in the zone of bottom dead center the working volume in the chamber, the channel for introducing reagents into the working volume and the channel for outputting the processed product from the working volume, and the crank mechanism is made with connecting rods and stretching, which is associated with the camera-body pair, with the possibility of reciprocating movement to the zones of top dead center and zones of the bottom dead center of the body in the chamber, in the chamber-body pair, pressure sensors in the working volume and sensors for removing the processed product from the working volume are made , the input channel of the camera-body pair is configured to communicate with the working volume when the body is in the zone of bottom dead center, the output channel of the camera-body pair is configured to communicate with a part of the working volume equal to the working volume volume minus the volume located between the zones of the upper and lower dead points, controlled and, respectively, input and output valves are installed in the input and output channels, the camera-body pair is equipped with a quenching chamber configured to communicate with the working volume through the controlled valve of the output channel, To control the operation of the reactor, a hardware-software complex was implemented, with which controlled valves, a pressure sensor, a product output sensor, a crank mechanism with tension rods are connected.

An additional same chamber-body pair is made in the reactor, both chamber-body pairs are mounted on the same straight line with a symmetrical arrangement of planes passing through the zones of top dead points and planes passing through the zones of lower dead points, relative to a plane perpendicular to the line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted, a crank mechanism with tension rods is connected to each camera-body pair with the formation of the same kinematic chain, with the possibility of a synchronous reciprocating displacement to the zones of the top dead center and zones of the bottom dead center of each body in each chamber, in both camera-body pairs, pressure sensors in the working volumes and sensors for outputting the processed product from the working volumes are made with their location between the zones of the top dead points of the camera-body pairs, input channels of camera-body pairs, each of which is configured to communicate with the working volume when each body is in the zone of bottom dead center, are located between the zones of lower dead points of camera-body pairs, output channels of camera pairs -bodies, each of which is configured to communicate with a part of the working volume equal to the working volume minus the volume located between the zones of the upper and lower dead points, located between the zones of the upper dead points of the camera-body pairs, in both input channels and both channels outlet controlled valves are installed, respectively, inlet and outlet, each camera-body pair is equipped with a quenching chamber configured to communicate with the displacement through a controlled valve of the outlet channel, each quenching chamber is symmetric with respect to the plane perpendicular to the planes passing through the zones of upper dead points and the zone of lower dead points, and passing through a straight line on which camera-body pairs are installed, the hardware-software complex is connected to controlled valves, pressure sensors, output sensors of the processed product both camera-body steam.

In the reactor in a chamber-body pair, the surfaces of the chamber and the bodies moved relative to each other are provided with a coating obtained by microarc or thermoelectrochemical oxidation, the body relative to the chamber is positioned with a gap ensuring that there is no effect of bypassing the mixture of reagents on the processing process.

The reactor is additionally equipped with a device for supplying lubricant and refrigerant to the gap with which the body is located relative to the chamber, in addition, the body is made with the possibility of additional cooling.

In the reactor, a device for supplying lubricant and refrigerant to the gap is implemented in the form of tubes for supplying air acting as a lubricant and a refrigerant, or water acting as a lubricant and a refrigerant.

In the reactor, the body is made with the possibility of additional cooling by means of channels formed in it for passing through them refrigerant - water or air.

In the reactor, the gap between these surfaces with the specified coating, ensuring that there is no effect of bypassing the mixture of reagents on the processing process, is equal in size from 5 to 20 microns, including the specified interval values.

In the reactor, in a chamber-body pair, the chamber is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, an end wall is made in one cylinder base, in the chamber-body pair, the body is made in the form of a piston, the arrangement in the chamber of the body is designed to compress the mixture of reagents when moving between the upper and lower zones dead points of the piston, by means of which, in relation to the camera-body pair, the connection of the crank mechanism with extension rods is provided, is realized from the side of the other base of the cylinder, the piston is made up of the piston head a beggar connected to the skirt, which is provided on the sides with a pair of external T-shaped piston fingers, consisting of a leg connected to the skirt and connected to the leg with its middle part of the rod, while the cylinder chamber is provided with slots in which the T-shaped piston fingers are located with the withdrawal of the rods outward relative to the cylinder chamber, the ends of the rods are movably connected to the extension rods, the surfaces of the piston bottom and the end wall, oriented towards each other, are made plane-parallel .

In the reactor, in a chamber-body pair installed on the same straight pair, with a symmetrical arrangement of planes passing through the top dead center zones and planes passing through the bottom dead center zones, relative to a plane perpendicular to the straight line on which the chamber-body pairs are mounted, in each camera-body pair, the camera is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, while at the base of the cylinder, which is least distant from the plane relative to which the planes passing through the zones of upper dead points are symmetrically located and the spans passing through the zones of lower dead points, the end wall is made, the camera-body pairs are located with the end walls facing each other, in each camera-body pair each body is made in the form of a piston, with the arrangement in each chamber of each body - each of the intended for compressing the mixture of reagents when they are moving between the zones of the upper and lower dead points of the pistons, by means of which, for each camera-body pair, a connection of the crank mechanism with tension rods is ensured with the formation of the same kinematic chain, with the possibility of synchronous translational-reciprocal movement to the zones of top dead center and zones of the bottom dead center of each body in each chamber, is implemented from the side of each chamber-cylinder, the farthest from the plane, relative to which the planes passing through the zones of the upper dead points, and planes passing through the zones of lower dead points, in the chamber-body pairs, each piston is made up of a bottom forming a piston head connected to a skirt that on the sides there are a pair of external T-shaped piston fingers consisting of a leg connected to the skirt and connected to the leg by its middle part of the rod, each cylinder chamber having slots in which the T-shaped piston fingers are located with legs leading the rods outward relative to the chamber -cylinder, the ends of the rods are made with the possibility of movable connection with extension rods, the surface of the piston bottom and the end wall, oriented towards each other, are made plane-parallel.

In the reactor, the cylinder is made round, respectively, the piston is made with a round bottom, the skirt is made cylindrical, the connection between the bottom and the skirt is made from one end of the cylinder-shaped skirt, the skirt is provided on the sides with a pair of external T-shaped piston fingers from the second end of the cylinder-shaped skirt, which are diametrically opposed relative to each other, respectively, the slots of the cylinder, in which the T-shaped piston fingers are located by legs, are diametrically opposite along the cylinder generatrix.

In the reactor, in the central part of the end wall, an outlet channel is made with a controlled outlet valve in the form of an outlet, which is equipped with a controlled outlet valve, in the cylinder part characterized by a cylindrical surface, an inlet channel with a controlled inlet valve is implemented, the inlet channel is made up of a pair of controllable valves input inlets for supplying reagents to the working volume, openings with controlled valves are made in the cylinder so that the centers of the holes are located in the plane of the same cross section and with equal distance between the centers of the holes relative to the straight line along which the camera-body pair is installed, the pressure sensor in the working volume and the sensor for removing the processed product from the working volume are placed outside the working volumes, the pressure sensor is installed on the end wall, and the sensor output of the processed product from the working volume is installed on the outlet.

In the reactor, in the central parts of the end walls, with which the camera-body pairs are located towards each other and which are made at the base of the cylinders, the least distant from the plane relative to which the planes passing through the upper dead center zones and the planes passing through the lower dead zones are symmetrically located points, made located between the zones of the upper dead points of the camera-body pairs output channels with controlled output valves in the form of output holes that are equipped with controlled output valves, in the parts of cylinders characterized by a cylindrical surface, there are implemented input channels with controlled input valves located between the zones of the lower dead points of the camera-body pairs, each input channel is implemented as a pair of input ports equipped with controlled input valves for supplying reagents to the working volume, openings with controlled valves made in each cylinder in such a way that the centers of the holes are located in the plane of the same cross section and with equal removal of the centers of the holes of the relative It is a straight line, on which camera-body pairs are installed, pressure sensors in the working volumes made in camera-body pairs, and sensors for outputting the processed product from the working volumes with their location between the zones of top dead points of the camera-body pairs are located outside the working volumes, pressure sensors are installed on the end walls, and sensors for the output of the processed product from the working volumes are installed on the outlet openings.

In the reactor, an electromechanical or mechanical valve is made as a controlled output valve, and an electromagnetic valve is made as a controlled input valve, the processed product output sensor is made in the form of a thermocouple, and the pressure sensor is made in the form of a weight strain gauge.

In the reactor, a hardware-software complex, with which controlled valves, a pressure sensor, a product output sensor, a crank mechanism with extension rods are connected, is made on the basis of a computer connected to the controller, with the implementation of the supply of control commands to the controlled valves of the input and output channels, a crank mechanism with connecting rods stretching and transmitting data from the pressure sensor, the output sensor of the processed product through the controller, the controlled valve of the output channel is connected to the controller Ohm of the hardware and software complex via a product output sensor, a crank mechanism with tension rods is connected to the controller through the shaft of an external torque source.

In the reactor, an external source of torque is made in the form of an electric motor.

In the reactor, the quenching chamber, which is equipped with a chamber-body pair, configured to communicate with the working volume through a controlled valve of the outlet channel, is implemented as two tubular identical symmetrically located relative to a plane passing through a straight line along which the chamber-body pair is installed, and the plane in which the perpendicular is located to the straight line along which the camera-body pair is installed, which is the plane of symmetry of the quenching chamber, parts with outgoing ends equipped with pieces the frames, the tubular parts are connected by an adapter made symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry of the quenching chamber, and the controlled valve of the outlet channel is made in the form of a spool valve, which is installed in the adapter, in addition, the quenching chamber is configured to fill it with cold inert gas or keep it in a state cold vacuum with the task in it of the required pressure.

At the same time, in the reactor, the controlled outlet valve is made in the form of a spool gas distribution mechanism comprising a rotating spool and a shaft connected with it, the axis of rotation of which is located in the plane of symmetry of the quenching chamber, the rotating spool is made with a geometric configuration corresponding to the body of rotation with the axis of rotation coinciding with the axis rotation of the shaft, a cavity is formed inside the spool with an inlet with an axis coinciding with the axis of rotation of the shaft, the spool is provided with at least one side with respect to the axis of rotation through a curly shaped window, characterized by a geometry that ensures the formation of a plurality of segments with an individual length when crossing the window contour through a plurality of planes passing through the axis of rotation of the shaft, the geometrical configuration and dimensions of the spool are set based on the condition that the cross-sectional shape of the tubular part selected in the area of its connection with the adapter, in the internal region of the cross-section of the spool, obtained in the plane in which the axis of the rotor is located When installing the spool valve in the adapter, the spool is installed in the adapter between the parts of the tubular quenching chamber, the shaft is in the plane of symmetry of the quenching chamber, while the rotating spool from the side of the entrance to its cavity is installed with the cavity inlet adjacent to the chamber surface with channel coverage output entirely by the cavity inlet, or a rotating spool on the input side of its cavity is installed in the output channel with the spool adjacent to the surface of the output channel, In one case, and in another case, the installation was made with the possibility of the formation between the chamber and the slide valve of sliding uniformly tight contact during rotation of the slide valve, and the part in which at least one lateral through figured window is made, the rotating slide valve is mounted adjacent to the adapter, with the possibility of the formation between the adapter and the spool of sliding uniformly tight contact during rotation of the spool, and the implementation of the message of the cavity of the spool with the volume of each of the tubular parts quenching chambers by means of a figured window.

In the reactor, each chamber-body pair is equipped with a quenching chamber symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the planes passing through the top dead center zones and the planes passing through the bottom dead center zones and passing through a straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted, and each quenching chamber is configured to communicate with the working volume through a controlled valve of the outlet channel, namely, each quenching chamber is implemented end-to-end with chamber-body sump pairs, consisting of two tubes identical identical symmetrically located relative to the plane perpendicular to the planes passing through the zones of upper dead points, and the planes passing through the zones of lower dead points, and passing through a straight line on which the camera-body pairs are installed, which is the plane of symmetry of the quenching chamber, of parts with the outside relative to the crankcase with ends equipped with fittings, in the crankcase the tubular parts are connected by an adapter made symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry of the quenching chamber, and yn ulation valve channel output is formed as a spool camshaft which is mounted in the adapter, in addition, each quenching chamber is adapted to fill it with cold inert gas or the content of it in the cold state of vacuum with a task desired pressure therein.

At the same time, in the reactor, the controlled outlet valve is made in the form of a spool gas distribution mechanism comprising a rotating spool and a shaft connected with it, the axis of rotation of which is located in the plane of symmetry of the quenching chamber, the rotating spool is made with a geometric configuration corresponding to the body of rotation with the axis of rotation coinciding with the axis rotation of the shaft, a cavity is formed inside the spool with an inlet with an axis coinciding with the axis of rotation of the shaft, the spool is provided with at least one side in relation to the axis of rotation through a curly shaped window, characterized by a geometry that ensures the formation of a plurality of segments with an individual length when crossing the window contour through a plurality of planes passing through the axis of rotation of the shaft, the geometrical configuration and dimensions of the spool are set based on the condition of the possibility of arranging the cross-sectional shape of the tubular part selected in the area of its connection with the adapter, in the internal region of the cross-section of the spool, obtained in the plane in which the axis of the rotor is located When installing the spool valve in the adapter, the spool is installed in the adapter between the parts of the tubular quenching chamber, the shaft is in the plane of symmetry of the quenching chamber, while the rotating spool from the side of the entrance to its cavity is installed with the cavity inlet adjacent to the chamber surface with channel coverage output entirely by the cavity inlet, or a rotating spool on the input side of its cavity is installed in the output channel with the spool adjacent to the surface of the output channel, In both cases, the installation was made with the possibility of the formation between the chamber and the slide valve of sliding uniformly tight contact during rotation of the slide valve, and the part in which at least one lateral through figured window is made, the rotating slide valve is mounted adjacent to the adapter, with the possibility of formation between the adapter and slide valve of uniformly tight contact during rotation of the valve, and the implementation of the message of the cavity of the valve with the volume of each part of the tubular quenching chamber om curly window.

The rotating spool is made with a geometric configuration corresponding to the body of rotation, namely the cone, or cylinder, or ball.

In a spool equipped with at least one lateral through figured window, characterized by a geometry that ensures the formation of a plurality of segments with an individual length when crossing the window contour through the axis of rotation of the shaft, the figured window is formed in the shape of a semicircle, or a quarter circle, or triangle.

In the reactor, the input channel, implemented as part of a pair of inlet openings for supplying reagents to the working volume, equipped with controlled inlet valves, is connected to reagent supply means, one inlet is made for supplying the main reagent containing the processed substance, and connected to the preparation and supply unit of the main reagent by means of a controlled input valve, providing the required dosage of its entry into the working volume associated with the hardware-software complex, the second inlet outlet flaxen for supplying an auxiliary reagent containing an auxiliary substance, and connected to the unit for the preparation and supply of auxiliary reagent made in the composition of the air blower, air temperature controller, ejector mixer, heat exchanger, while the air blower through the air temperature controller is connected to the ejector mixer with the possibility of feeding into it of the injected air after temperature correction for mixing with those supplied to the ejector mixer necessary for the reaction to proceed with auxiliary substances, the ejector mixer is connected to the heat exchanger with the possibility of supplying air mixed with auxiliary substances to the latter for subsequent temperature correction, the heat exchanger is connected to the second hole for supplying the auxiliary reagent by means of a controlled inlet valve providing the required dosage of its entry into the working volume associated with with hardware-software complex.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by the following description and the accompanying figures.

In FIG. 1 shows a qualitative change in pressure in a chemical compression reactor over time with a decrease in the working volume due to the displacement of the body, where: the curve is a dashed line for known solutions; solid line curve for the proposed solution.

In FIG. 2 shows a side view of a chemical compression reactor containing two chamber-body pairs, where: 1 is a chamber (cylinder); 3 - a case; 5 - extension rod; 6 - a gear wheel; 10 - receiving a rotation shaft (gear axle); 11 - a cylindrical protrusion (spike).

In FIG. 3 shows a top view of a chemical compression reactor containing two chamber-body pairs, where: 1 is a chamber (cylinder); 2 - body (piston); 3 - a case; 4 - spool; 5 - extension rod; 6 - a gear wheel; 8 - input channel fitting; 9 - input channel fitting.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows A - a remote element relating to the execution of the slide valve, connecting the quenching chamber and the working volume of the chamber-body pair, B - a remote element relating to the execution of the outgoing ends of the quenching chamber, where: 1 - the chamber (cylinder); 2 - body (piston); 3 - a case; 4 - spool; 7 - output fitting; In - a figured window; KZ - hardening chamber; RO - working volume.

In FIG. Figure 5 shows an image of a chemical compression reactor containing two chamber-body pairs with a crank mechanism implemented as a pair of transmitting rotation shafts from an external source of torque, a pair of driving gears, two pairs of receiving shafts, two pairs of cranks, two pairs driven gears, two groups of connecting rods containing four connecting rods, where: 1 - camera (cylinder); 2 - body (piston); 3 - a case; 5 - extension rod; 7 - output fitting; 8 - input channel fitting; 9 - input channel fitting; 12 - transmitting rotation of the shaft; 13 - a leading gear wheel; 14 - receiving a rotation shaft; 15 - driven gear; 16 - crank.

In FIG. Figure 6 shows an image of a chemical compression reactor containing two camera-body pairs with a crank mechanism implemented as two pairs of transmitting rotation of shafts from an external source of torque, two pairs of driving gears, two pairs of receiving shafts of rotation, two pairs of cranks, two pairs of driven gears, two groups of connecting rods containing four connecting rods, where: 1 - camera (cylinder); 2 - body (piston); 3 - a case; 5 - extension rod; 7 - output fitting; 8 - input channel fitting; 9 - input channel fitting; 12 - transmitting rotation of the shaft; 13 - a leading gear wheel; 14 - receiving a rotation shaft; 15 - driven gear; 16 - crank.

In FIG. Figure 7 shows an image of a chemical compression reactor containing two chamber-body pairs with a crank mechanism consisting of two pairs of shafts receiving rotation from an external source of torque, four pairs of gears equipped with a cylindrical protrusion on their disk surface with an axis offset from the axis rotation of the gear wheel, two groups of connecting rods containing four connecting rods, where 1 is the chamber (cylinder); 2 - body (piston); 3 - a case; 5 - extension rod; 6 - a gear wheel; 7 - output fitting; 8 - input channel fitting.

The functional basis of the reactor is a chamber-body pair - a reaction chamber and a body located in it for compressing the mixture of reagents when it moves between the zones of upper and lower dead points, delimiting the working volume in the chamber when it is in the zone of lower dead point, the crank mechanism, providing movement of the body and compression of the mixture. The reaction chamber is equipped with a channel for introducing reagents into the working volume and a channel for outputting the processed product from the working volume. A reactor containing only the above, can ensure the processing of the reactive mixture with the processed substance only on the basis of indirect pressure control in the working volume of the reaction chamber through a change in volume during the compression-expansion cycle. The construction of the processing process is based on the implementation of direct control of the volume. The achievement of the process parameters that determine the start of the processing reaction and its course, in particular, the temperature and pressure of the mixture of reagents is provided through a change in the working volume.

The working volume is the volume occupied by a reactive gaseous mixture (mixture of reagents) containing the processed substance, when it is fed through the input channel into the chamber. The magnitude of the working volume changes during the implementation of the compression-expansion cycle. The maximum may be equal in magnitude to the volume of the reaction chamber minus the volume occupied by the moving body when the latter is in the zone of bottom dead center, and part of the volume of the reaction chamber beyond the zone of bottom dead center, unfilled with the mixture. The minimum can be zero when the moving body is in the zone of top dead center and if the limits of movement of the body to the zone of top dead center coincide with the spatial limits of the reaction chamber, and the zone of top dead center occupies the most extreme position in the chamber. The movement of the body causes a change in the magnitude of the working volume, and at a certain point in the phase of the movement of the body to the top dead center zone when the mixture is compressed in the reaction chamber, a volume filled with the mixture of reagents is reached at which the start of the processing reaction is initiated. Thus, as a result of a decrease in the volume and compression of the mixture introduced into the working volume of the chamber, the conditions are established in the latter that are suitable for the reaction of the processing of the required substance — pressure (P _r ) and temperature of the mixture, corresponding to the initiation of the desired reaction, in particular, self-ignition ( see Fig. 1, the curve with a dashed line, time t ₁ ). Further, when the body moves in the direction of the top dead center zone, the volume decreases, the pressure continues to increase, increasing from the pressure value of the start of the processing reaction and reaching a maximum, then drops, reaching a value corresponding to the pressure of the start of the desired reaction (see Fig. 1, curve dashed line, the time interval t ₁ -t ₂ ). When the body reaches the top dead center zone, the pressure in the working volume is set to an even lower value.

The described nature of the pressure change in the working volume of the reaction chamber is due to the motion parameters of the moving body, which performs its reciprocating motion with a constant frequency within the given spatial limits of the chamber, without realizing the possibility of changing the body motion parameters in the compression-expansion cycle.

Thus, during the implementation of the processing process, several parameters vary simultaneously: volume, pressure, temperature of the mixture. During compression, volume and pressure continuously change their value. Pressure changes due to volume changes and causes temperature changes. The pressure deviation from the value ensuring the occurrence of the required processing reaction, P _r (see Fig. 1), upwards leads to the initiation of other, in addition to the required, reactions - side (parasitic) reactions, control of the ongoing chemical reaction that determines the receipt of the desired product, absent.

In addition, after reaching P _r , factors come into play due to the progress of the reaction and the changes caused by it with respect to the introduced reactive mixture, that is, the formation of products. Feedback is being formed. The presence in the working volume of the formed products as a result of the processing begins to influence the process, in turn, influencing the conditions in the working volume, which determine the ongoing reactions, and which differ from the conditions for the desired processing reaction.

The conditions for the occurrence of the required processing reaction — pressure P _{r — are} characterized by the short duration of their establishment in the reaction chamber (see Fig. 1, a curve by a dashed line) during compression of the mixture of reagents.

As a result, there is a break in the course of the processing reaction to obtain the desired product during compression after it is launched, the required product is produced during compression for a short time period, which corresponds to the setting in the pressure chamber at the level of P _r , the amount of the required processed product relative to the initial processed substance is insignificant , with a characteristic not very high purity of the product, with a rather high content of by-products, with a low environmental friendliness .

In the proposed reactor, the construction of the processing process is based on the implementation of direct control of the pressure in the reaction chamber throughout the entire time period after the start of the processing reaction and, as a result, the implementation of the reaction control. This ensures the continuity of the processing reaction with obtaining the desired product during compression after its launch, prolonging the time it takes for the desired product to be compressed, and increasing the ratio of the amount of the final product obtained to the amount of the starting material being processed.

So, in order to control pressure and implement chemical reaction control in the proposed steam-chamber reactor, the camera is equipped with a pressure sensor in its working volume, a sensor for outputting the processed product from the working volume. In the input and output channels are installed controlled valves, respectively, input and output. To control the operation of the reactor, to monitor the state of pressure in the working volume, the presence of a product of processing and giving instructions in it, to maintain the pressure at the required level, a hardware-software complex was implemented. Associated with it are controlled valves, a pressure sensor, an output sensor of the processed product. The camera-body pair (see Fig. 2, 3) is equipped with a quenching chamber. The quenching chamber (see Fig. 3 and 4) is made with the possibility of communication with the working volume through a controlled valve of the output channel and with the possibility of performing in relation to the output channel the functions of the throttle - pneumatic. The pneumatic throttle, the function of which is performed by the quenching chamber, controls the amount of product passing through or the product mixtures passing through the outlet channel with a controlled valve. The throttle function is realized by the fact that in the quenching chamber into which the processed product enters, a pressure level is maintained which, depending on the need, either contributes to a more intensive withdrawal of the processed product from the working volume or reduces the intensity of the output of the processed product, which affects the pressure in working volume. The gas medium in the quenching chamber, into which, after processing, the reaction product for cooling and quenching enters from the working volume, with the pressure set in it due to the latter, prevents or, conversely, facilitates the exit of the processed products and / or unreacted reagents from the working volume of the reaction chamber. Thus, the set pressure in the quenching chamber controls the throughput of the outlet channel, controlling this pressure value and, as a result, the chemical reaction in the working volume.

The realized possibilities of controlling the pressure and, as a result, the chemical reaction through controlled valves, the quenching chamber, which performs the function of a throttle, is provided after establishing the conditions suitable for the reaction of the processing of the required substance, the pressure (P _r ) and temperature of the mixture corresponding to the initiation of the desired reaction, maintaining a constant pressure in the working volume at the level of P _r during further compression of the mixture of reagents (see Fig. 1, the curve is a solid line, the time interval t ₃ -t ₄ ). The desired processing reaction proceeds continuously over a period of time t ₃ -t ₄ . By means of controlled valves and the presence of a quenching chamber, it is possible to control the amount of reagents supplied to the working volume and located in the working volume. By the same means, an earlier determination of the pressure (P _r ) and temperature of the reagents corresponding to the start of the processing reaction, and a later termination of the processing reaction, suppression of the occurrence of parasitic reactions in the working volume, leading to the formation of by-products of the processing, are achieved in the working volume. As a result, there is a prolongation of the operating time of the required product, an increase in the amount of the required product, a decrease in the number of products formed due to parasitic reactions, and an increase in the environmental friendliness of processing.

As part of the above-mentioned functional basis of the reactor, a crank mechanism is provided that provides for the movement of the body and the compression of the mixture of reagents. The specific range of pressure changes in the working volume of the reaction chamber is due to the motion parameters of the moving body, which performs its reciprocating motion with a given frequency, within the given spatial limits of the chamber. The motion parameters are determined by the crank mechanism.

A crank mechanism is one of the common mechanisms for transforming movement. In the case under consideration, it converts the rotational motion transmitted from the source of external torque into the reciprocating motion of the body. The mechanism used in the known technical solutions, in the indicated functional basis of the reactor, can be made up of a rack in which a shaft transmitting rotation from an external source of torque, a crank rigidly connected to the shaft and performing a rotational movement, a connecting rod connected at one end to the crank by means of a cylindrical protrusion (spike) on the crank, and the second end, connected movably to the body, providing the possibility of the body making a reciprocating motion. In the compression phase of the mixture of reagents, the body makes a movement, reducing the magnitude of the working volume and compressing the mixture of reagents, due to the pushing force of the connecting rod. The standard range of working pressures achieved in practice is rather narrow, not more than 25 atm. The position of the zones of the upper and lower dead points is rigidly determined. The processing of substances for which the initiation of the reaction occurs at higher pressures and requires the compression of the mixture of reagents during processing to high pressures, is impossible. In addition, for processing a particular substance, the mixture of reagents with this substance must be suitably prepared in temperature terms. It should have a suitable temperature, consistent with the range of operating pressures in which the reactor operates, in order to ensure the conditions for starting the processing reaction during compression of the mixture. The narrowness of the range of achieved working pressures necessitates a thorough preliminary preparation of the mixture, bringing it to acceptable temperatures, consistent with the range of working pressures, which also form a narrow range.

When using the design of the crank mechanism shown here, the length of the body stroke in the chamber is determined by the length of the crank, the radius of the circle, which describes the end of the connecting rod associated with the crank. At first glance, by varying the length of the crank, the radius of the circle described by the end of the connecting rod, and using a more powerful drive, it is possible to expand the range of working pressures. However, these measures may not be enough. Since the body makes movements in the chamber, compressing the mixture of reagents, as a result of the pushing force of the connecting rod, the latter is a weak link, experiencing resistance from the compressible mixture of the working volume, is subjected to increased load. Increased load over time leads to the fact that the connecting rod may fail. In particular, the rod rod will break. As a result, the conclusion is drawn about the need to strengthen the design of the connecting rod - its rod. Strengthening the rod is possible due to an increase in its size across. But such a rod will be more massive, it will take a lot of effort to bring the connecting rod into motion and, ultimately, to ensure a gain in pressure will not succeed.

In addition, the above design of the crank mechanism does not provide the ability to control the position of the zones of the upper and lower dead points. Their position in the reaction chamber is strictly determined by the length of the crank.

In the proposed rector, the achievement of the expansion of the range of working pressures, the expansion of the range of processed substances, the possibility of regulating the position of the top dead center zone in the reaction chamber, the expansion of the temperature range of the preheating of the reagent mixture, reducing its lower value and / or increasing the upper value, reducing energy costs for processing the substance , is provided through the use of a crank mechanism with tension rods (see Fig. 2, 3, 5-7). Moreover, the crank mechanism with tension rods associated with the software and hardware complex performed in the reactor, which controls its operation.

The use of a crank mechanism associated with the hardware-software complex allows the adjustment of the position of the zone of top dead center. Choosing a crank that provides the radius of the circle that describes the end of the connecting rod connected with the crank, exceeding half the length of the chamber along which the body makes a reciprocating motion, it is possible to adjust the position of the top dead center zone in the chamber. To stop the body, which compresses the mixture when moving, when it reaches the required coordinates in the chamber from the control complex, a command is issued to stop the movement, which stops the drive (an external source of torque, the function of which can be performed by an electric motor), which is connected with a crank mechanism. In this way, the rigid reference to the specific implementation of the crank mechanism is eliminated, in particular, to the geometrical dimensions of the crank (its length), providing the radius of the circle described by the end of the connecting rod connected with the crank, the value of which determines the spatial limits of the body's movement in the chamber and sets position of dead spots.

The same feature of the crank mechanism is one of the terms determining the achievement of the expansion of the operating pressure range, the expansion of the range of processed substances, the expansion of the temperature range of the preheating of the reagent mixture, lowering its lower value and / or increasing the upper value, and reducing energy costs for processing the substance. The second component in achieving this is the use of extension rods. The transition from using the pushing force of the connecting rod to move the body and compress the mixture of reagents to the pulling force provides a significant gain in the achieved pressure when compressing the mixture of reagents. The achieved pressure values during compression of the mixture of reagents when using tension rods are up to 200 atm. Thus, the range of working pressures used is expanding, in turn, making it possible to expand the range of processed substances. At the same time, the wider pressure range realized in the reaction chamber softens the requirements for preliminary preparation of the mixture of reagents, bringing it to acceptable temperatures, consistent with the range of operating pressures that guarantee that the compression starts to process the reaction. In addition, since it is more profitable to pull a connecting rod than to push it when it is compressed in terms of applying efforts, energy costs for processing are reduced.

Next, about achieving a reduction in the time to obtain the finished product.

The achievement of time reduction is due to the fact that the chamber-body steam reactor is equipped with a quenching chamber and a software and hardware complex has been implemented to control the operation of the reactor, with which are controlled valves, pressure sensors, process product output sensors, a crank mechanism with tension rods, which allows switch to a push-pull mode of operation containing a compression stroke — the phase of the body’s movement in the direction of the zone of top dead center and an expansion cycle — the phase of the movement of the body in the direction of the zone of bottom dead center (see F Ig. 2-7). In the known technical solutions with the above functional basis, a four-stroke mode of operation is implemented. Two cycles of body movement (compression-expansion) account for the implementation of processing, and two more cycles (compression-expansion) for cooling and quenching of the resulting product and its output from the reaction chamber.

It should be noted that the push-pull mode of operation of the reactor, in addition to reducing the time to obtain a product of processing, gives an additional gain in energy costs.

In the General case, the implementation of the chemical compression reactor contains a crank mechanism, a pair of chamber-body, a hardening chamber (see Fig. 2-4).

The camera-body pair is connected to the crank mechanism. The camera-body pair is made up of the reaction chamber 1 and the body 2 located in it. Body 2 is used to compress the mixture of reagents when it moves between the zones of upper and lower dead points, it delimits the working volume in chamber 1 when it is in the zone of lower dead point. In the camera-body pair, an input channel (see FIGS. 2 and 3, an input channel fitting 8 and an input channel fitting 9) is made of reagents in the working volume and the channel for outputting the processed product from the working volume. The input channel of the camera-body pair is configured to communicate with the working volume when the body 2 is in the zone of bottom dead center. That is, the input channel can be localized in any cross-section of the reaction chamber that meets the specified condition - the possibility of communication with the working volume when the body 2 is in the zone of bottom dead center. The output channel of the camera-body pair is configured to communicate with a part of the working volume equal to the working volume minus the volume located between the zones of the upper and lower dead points. That is, the outlet channel can be localized in any cross section of the reaction chamber that satisfies the specified condition. In the input and output channels are installed controlled valves, respectively, input and output.

The crank mechanism is made with tension rods 5, which are connected to the camera-body pair (see Figs. 2 and 3), with the possibility of reciprocating movement to the zones of top dead center and zones of the bottom dead center of body 2 in chamber 1.

In the camera-body pair, pressure sensors in the working volume and sensors for outputting the processed product from the working volume are made.

The camera-body pair is equipped with a quenching chamber. The quenching chamber is configured to communicate with the working volume through a controlled valve of the outlet channel.

To control the operation of the reactor, a hardware-software complex is implemented in it. Controlled valves, a pressure sensor, a sensor for the output of the processed product, a crank mechanism with tension rods are connected with the hardware-software complex.

In special cases, the implementation of the chemical compression reactor is performed with the following features.

Thus, a crank mechanism with tension rods, which are connected to the camera-body pair, with the possibility of reciprocating movement to the top dead center zones and the lower dead center zones of the body in the chamber can be implemented as a part of shafts, cranks, gears, rods stretching in various ways.

In the case of a single-chamber reactor, which relates to the general case of implementation, the implementation of the crank mechanism with tension rods is given in the following two versions, which does not exhaust, we note, all options for its implementation.

In the first case, the crank mechanism is implemented as part of a pair of transmitting rotation shafts from an external source of torque, a pair of driving gears, two pairs of receiving shafts, two cranks, two driven gears, a group of extension rods containing four extension rods. A pair of shafts transmitting rotation is mounted on one axis passing through a point lying on a straight line along which a camera-body pair is installed (axis of installation of a camera-body pair). The axis of the shafts transmitting rotation is perpendicular to the straight line along which the camera-body pair is installed. A leading gear wheel is rigidly connected to the end of each shaft transmitting rotation of the shaft, with an arrangement in pairs of planes of the driving gear wheels and, accordingly, the ends of the shaft transmitting rotation of the shafts with a gap relative to each other. The size of the gap is selected, with the possibility of ensuring the location of a pair of camera-body. The pairs of shafts receiving the rotation are set in such a way that their axes are parallel to the axis of the pair of the shafts transmitting rotation, are equidistant from the axis of the pair of shafts transmitting rotation of the shafts, and are equidistant from the straight line along which the camera-body pair is installed (installation axis). A pair of shafts receiving rotation is installed on the same axis. When installing pairs of receiving shafts of rotation along the axes between their ends, a gap is made with which the planes of the driving gears are located and, accordingly, the ends of the transmitting shafts of rotation, with which the driving gears are rigidly connected. In each pair of rotation-receiving shafts mounted on the same axis, with respect to their ends, which are positioned with a clearance, the driven gear is rigidly connected to the end of one shaft receiving rotation and the crank is rigidly connected to the end of the other rotating shaft . In this case, one driven gear is located in the plane of one of the driving gears with the implementation of their pairing for the gear transmission. Another driven gear is located in the plane of the other driving gear with the implementation of their pairing for the gear. Each driven gear, which is provided on their disk surface with a cylindrical protrusion with an axis offset from the axis of rotation of the driven gear, is movably connected at one end by a tensile connecting rod due to the cylindrical protrusion. The second end of the extension rods is movably connected to the body. In addition, to each crank mounted motionless on the corresponding shaft receiving the rotation, due to the cylindrical protrusion on the crank, it is movably connected at one end along the tension connecting rod, the other end of which is movably connected to the body. In a group of four extension rods connected to the body, two extension rods are connected to the crank and two extension rods to the driven gear.

In the described embodiment, the crank mechanism with tension rods is made as a part associated with one chamber-body pair, providing movement of the body, the crank mechanism used in the reactor in a two-chamber design (see Fig. 5).

Here and below, a pair of transmitting rotation shafts, or a pair of driving gears, or a pair of receiving rotation shafts, that is, a pair of any parts, means that these parts, being the same, are located on the same axis.

In the second case, the crank mechanism with tension rods is implemented as two pairs of shafts receiving rotation from an external source of torque, two pairs of gears equipped with a cylindrical protrusion on their disk surface with an axis offset from the axis of rotation of the gear wheel, groups of tension rods, containing four extension rods. In this case, the crank mechanism with tension rods is made as a part associated with one chamber-body pair, providing movement of the body, the crank mechanism used in the reactor in a two-chamber design (see Fig. 7). The shafts receiving rotation from an external source of torque are set in such a way that their axes are equidistant from a point lying on a straight line along which a camera-body pair is mounted. In addition, the axes of the shafts receiving rotation from an external source of torque are equidistant from a straight line along which a camera-body pair is mounted. The axes of the shafts receiving rotation from an external source of torque are perpendicular to the plane in which the straight line is located along which the camera-body pair is mounted. A pair of gears is rigidly connected to the ends of each shaft that receives rotation from an external source. In relation to each of the rotational shafts in each pair of gears, one gear is located in one plane, the second gear is in another plane. A gap is formed between the two indicated planes. Moreover, the gap in relation to all pairs of gears is one and the same. The gap is formed with the possibility of placing in it a pair of camera-body. Gears located in the same plane are interlocked for gear transmission. Due to the cylindrical protrusion, each end is movably connected at one end along a tensile connecting rod, the second end of which is movably connected to the body. In a group of four extension rods, two extension rods are connected to two gears located in one plane, and two extension rods are connected to two gears located in another plane.

A camera-body pair is implemented, as a rule, in the form of a cylinder with a piston.

For example (as see Fig. 2 and 3), the chamber 1 is made in the form of a hollow cylinder. At one base of the cylinder, an end wall is made. In a pair of camera-body body 2 is made in the form of a piston. The location in the chamber of the body 2 - intended for compression of the mixture of reagents when moving between the zones of the upper and lower dead points of the piston, by means of which, in relation to the camera-body pair, the crank mechanism with tension rods is connected, is realized from the side of the other cylinder base. The piston is made up of a head forming a piston head connected to a skirt, which is provided on the sides with a pair of external T-shaped piston fingers, consisting of a leg connected to the skirt and connected to the leg with its middle part of the rod. Chamber 1 - the cylinder is equipped with slots in which the legs are located T-shaped piston fingers with the conclusion of the rods outward relative to the chamber 1 - cylinder. The ends of the rods are movably connected to the extension rods 5. The surfaces of the piston bottom and the end wall, oriented towards each other, are made plane-parallel.

An output channel with a controlled output valve is made in the central part of the end wall. The output channel is an outlet that is equipped with a controllable output valve. In the part of the cylinder (as see Fig. 2 and 3), characterized by a cylindrical surface, an inlet channel with a controlled inlet valve is implemented. The input channel is made up of a pair of inlets provided with controlled input valves for supplying reagents to the working volume. Holes with controlled valves are made in the cylinder in such a way that the centers of the holes are located in the plane of the same cross section and with equal distance of the centers of the holes relative to the straight line along which the camera-body pair (axis of the camera-body pair) is installed. The pressure sensor in the working volume and the output sensor of the processed product from the working volume are located outside the working volumes. A pressure sensor is installed on the end wall, and a sensor for the output of the processed product from the working volume is installed on the outlet.

Short-circuit hardening chamber KZ (see Fig. 4), which is equipped with a camera-body pair configured to communicate with the working volume of the PO through a controlled valve of the outlet channel, is implemented as two tubular parts, with outgoing ends equipped with fittings 7. Said tubular parts - the same, symmetrically located relative to a plane passing through a straight line along which the camera-body pair is installed, and such a plane in which is perpendicular to a straight line along which the camera-body pair is installed, is yuscheysya quenching chamber plane of symmetry. The tubular parts are connected by an adapter made symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry of the quenching chamber. The controlled valve of the outlet channel is made in the form of a spool valve. The specified mechanism is installed in the adapter. In addition, the hardening chamber KZ is made with the possibility of filling it with cold inert gas or keeping it in a state of cold vacuum with setting the required pressure in it.

In the particular case of the implementation of the chemical compression reactor is performed two-chamber. So, in the reactor made an additional same pair of camera-body (see Fig. 2, 3, 5-7). Both camera-body pairs are mounted on the same straight line with a symmetrical arrangement of the planes passing through the top dead center zones, and the planes passing through the lower dead center zones, relative to the plane perpendicular to the straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted.

The crank mechanism of the tension rods 5 is connected to each camera-body pair with the formation of the same kinematic chain, which provides the possibility of synchronous reciprocating movement to the top dead center and bottom dead center zones of each body 2 in each chamber 1.

In both camera-body pairs, pressure sensors in the working volumes and sensors for outputting the processed product from the working volumes are made with their location between the zones of the top dead points of the camera-body pairs. The input channels of the camera-body pairs, each of which is configured to communicate with the working volume when each body is in the bottom dead center zone, are located between the zones of the lower dead points of the camera-body pair. The output channels of the camera-body pairs, each of which is configured to communicate with a part of the working volume equal to the working volume minus the volume located between the zones of the upper and lower dead points, are located between the zones of the upper dead points of the camera-body pairs. In both input channels and both output channels are installed controlled valves, respectively, input and output.

Each pair of camera-body is equipped with a quenching chamber, configured to communicate with the working volume through a controlled valve of the output channel. Each quenching chamber is made symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the planes passing through the upper dead center and lower dead center zones and passing through a straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted.

The hardware-software complex is connected with controlled valves, pressure sensors, output sensors of the processing product of both camera-body pairs.

The above features of the implementation in a two-chamber reactor ensure the achievement of balanced reactor, low noise level, elimination of vibrations during its operation.

The implementation in the reactor of a single pair of camera-body (the implementation of its single-cylinder or single-chamber) determines its imbalance, noise and vibration. Significant vibrations occur when the direction of movement of the body and connecting rod. Balancing balances are needed to reduce these vibrations. However, for reasons related to the occurrence of inertia forces of the 1st and 2nd order, the use of balancers cannot completely balance the movement of the body and the connecting rod. In addition, there are vibrations associated with changes in the speed and kinetic energy of the body. In addition to the above, we note that the occurrence of vibrations also occurs due to the fact that the reactor processes only during the working stroke, when the mixture of reagents introduced into the working volume is compressed.

To eliminate noise and vibration during operation of the reactor, to achieve its balance in the reactor, an additional camera-body pair was made, which acts as a balancer. Both camera-body pairs are mounted on the same straight line (see Fig. 2, 3, 5-7) in this way, balancing each other. At the same time, they are installed in such a way that a symmetric arrangement of the planes passing through the zones of the top dead points and the planes passing through the zones of the lower dead points is ensured relative to the plane perpendicular to the straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted.

A crank mechanism with tension rods is associated with the formation of the same kinematic chain with each camera-body pair. The identity of the generated kinematic chains means their implementation for each camera-body pair with the same sets of elements of the crank mechanism in relation to the composition of the elements, the form of their execution, the connections between the elements, the spatial arrangement, the materials used to perform, that is, the sets that balance each other ( see Fig. 2, 3, 5-7). For each element of the crank mechanism of one set, a geometrically symmetric element from another set is made, with elements balancing each other (see Fig. 2, 3, 5-7). Thus, a group of tension rods connected to one camera-body pair from one set and a group of tension rods connected to a second camera-body pair, from the second set, are symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the straight line on which the camera-body pairs are installed, which is a plane of symmetry for planes passing through the zones of upper dead points, and planes passing through the zones of lower dead points (see Fig. 2, 3, 5-7). Elements of the crank mechanism, such as gears, receiving shafts of each set (see Figs. 2, 3, 7), are also made symmetrically with respect to a plane perpendicular to the straight line on which the camera-body pairs are installed, which is a plane of symmetry for planes passing through the top dead center zones, and planes passing through the zones of lower dead center. Gears, rotating shafts of one set, balance gears, rotating shafts of another set, at any time during operation of the reactor.

As you can see (see Fig. 5), elements common to sets are possible - any element can be used both in one set and in the second. So, the elements of the crank mechanism, such as driving gears, transmitting rotation of the shafts (see Fig. 5) are the same in relation to different sets of elements of the crank mechanism. Both driving gears and both transmission shafts (see, for example, Fig. 5) are used in the generated kinematic chains both in relation to one camera-body pair and to the second camera-body pair. Each drive gear and each transmission shaft (see Fig. 5) is symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted, which is the plane of symmetry for planes passing through the top dead center zones and planes passing through the zones bottom dead spots. Elements contain symmetrical parts, which can conditionally be attributed to different sets, and which balance each other.

Other elements - driven gears, cranks, rotating shafts (see Fig. 5 and 6) are not common to sets, are individual for each set. In contrast to the situation considered above, they are asymmetric with respect to the plane perpendicular to the straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted, which is the plane of symmetry for the planes passing through the top dead center zones and the planes passing through the lower dead center zones, and spatially centrally symmetrical . The center of their symmetry is located on the perpendicular to a point lying on a straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted, and equidistant from the cameras of both camera-body pairs, planes passing through the zones of upper dead points, and planes passing through the zones of lower dead points, at equal distance from the planes of the driven gears, cranks, the ends of the receiving shafts, with which the driven gears and cranks are rigidly connected (see Fig. 5 and 6).

Thus, the implementation in a two-chamber reactor of a crank mechanism with tension rods 5 (see Fig. 5-7) provides balancing, reducing noise, preventing the occurrence of vibrations. The implementation of the crank mechanism with extension rods is shown in the following three options, but does not exhaust all of the implementation possibilities.

In the first embodiment, a crank mechanism with tension rods 5 for a two-chamber reactor is implemented as a pair of transmitting rotation shafts 12 from an external source of torque, a pair of driving gears 13, four pairs of rotating shafts 14, four cranks 16, four driven gears 15 , two groups of tension connecting rods 5, each containing four tension connecting rods 5 (see Fig. 5). Hereinafter, a pair of transmitting rotation shafts, or a pair of driving gears, or a pair of receiving rotation shafts, that is, a pair of any parts, means that these parts, being the same, are located on the same axis.

A pair of rotation transmitting shafts 12 is mounted on one axis passing through a point lying on a straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted and equidistant from the cameras 1 of both camera-body pairs, planes passing through the top dead center zones, and planes passing through lower dead center zones. The axis of the rotation-transmitting shafts 12 is perpendicular to the straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted. A drive gear 13 is rigidly connected to the end of each rotation-transmitting shaft 12 with an arrangement in pairs of planes of the drive gears 13 and, accordingly, the ends of the rotation-transmitting shafts 12 with a gap relative to each other, the size of which is selected, with the possibility of arranging a camera pair -body, as well as other structural elements of the reactor, in particular, quenching chambers, crankcase 3.

The pairs of rotational shafts 14 are mounted in such a way that their axes are parallel to the axis of the pair of rotational transmitting shafts 12, are equidistant from the axis of the pair of rotational transmitting shafts 12 and are equidistant relative to the straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted. A pair of rotational shafts 14 is mounted on the same axis. When pairs of rotary shafts 14 are mounted along the axes between their ends, a clearance is made with which the planes of the driving gears 13 and, respectively, the ends of the rotational transmitting shafts 12 are rigidly connected driving gears 13. In each pair of receiving shafts 14 mounted on the same axis, in relation to their ends, which are located with a gap, a rigid connection of the driven gear 15 is made - to the end of one receiving shaft 14 and a rigid connection of the crank 16 is made to the end of another shaft receiving the rotation 14. In this case, two driven gears 15 are located in the plane of one of the driving gears 13 with the implementation of their pairing for the gear transmission. Two other driven gears 15 are located in the plane of the other driving gear 13 with the implementation of their pairing for the gear. The driven gears 15 of one plane of the driving gear 13 are located on a straight line intersecting the axis of the pair of rotational transmission shafts 12. To each driven gear 15, which are provided on their disk surface with a cylindrical protrusion with an axis offset from the axis of rotation of the driven gear 15, the account of the cylindrical protrusion is movably connected at one end along the tension connecting rod 5. The second end of the tension connecting rods 5 is movably connected to the body 2. In addition, to each crank 16 mounted motionlessly on due to the cylindrical protrusion on the crank, it is movably connected by one end along the extension rod 5, the second end of which is movably connected to the body 2. In each group of four extension rods 5 connected to the body 2, two extension rods 5 are connected to crank 16 and two extension rods 5 - with a driven gear 15. One group of extension rods 5 is connected to one body 2, the second group of extension rods 5 is connected to the second body 2.

A pair of rotational shafts 12 transmitting from an external source of torque, four pairs of rotational shafts 14 are mounted on the outer surfaces of the crankcase 3, a pair of rotary shafts transmitting 12 are mounted in the central part of the crankcase 3, and a pair of rotational shafts 14 are mounted in the angular parts of the crankcase 3 (cm Fig. 5), in which inside the crankcase 3 there are ends of the parts of the hardening chambers that extend outward relative to the crankcase 3, equipped with fittings 7.

In the second embodiment, the crank mechanism is implemented as part of (see Fig. 6) two pairs of transmitting the rotation of the shafts 12 from an external source of torque, two pairs of driving gears 13, four pairs of receiving the rotation of the shafts 14, four cranks 16, four driven gears wheels 15, two groups of extension rods 5, containing four extension rods 5.

The pairs of rotational transmitting shafts 12 are mounted in such a way that their axes are equidistant from the point lying on the straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted and equidistant from the cameras 1 of both camera-body pairs, planes passing through the zones of upper dead points, and planes passing through lower dead center zones. A pair of rotation transmitting shafts 12 is installed on each axis. In addition, the axes of the pairs of rotation transmitting shafts 12 are equidistant from the straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted. The axis of the pairs transmitting the rotation of the shafts 12 is perpendicular to the straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted. A drive gear 13 of a corresponding pair of drive gears 13 is rigidly connected to the end of each rotation-transmitting shaft 12 of the pair. The planes of the drive gears 13 and the ends of the rotation-transmitting shafts 12, for which a rigid connection is made, are arranged in pairs with a gap . The size of the gap is the same for both pairs, selected based on the possibility of arranging chamber-body pairs in it, other structural elements of the reactor, in particular, quenching chambers, crankcase 3.

The two ends transmitting rotation of the shaft 12 and two rigidly connected driving gears 13 lying in the same plane are located on a straight line intersecting the perpendicular to a point lying on a straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted, and equidistant from cameras 1 of both camera-body pairs, planes passing through the zones of upper dead points, and planes passing through the zones of lower dead points. The other two ends of the shaft 12 transmitting rotation and two rigidly connected driving gears 13 lying in the same plane are located on the other straight line intersecting the perpendicular to a point lying on the straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted and equidistant from the cameras 1 of both camera-body pairs, planes passing through the top dead center zones, and planes passing through the lower dead center zones.

The pairs of rotational shafts 14 are mounted in such a way that their axes are parallel to the axes of the pairs of rotational transmitting shafts 12, are equidistant from a point lying on a straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted, and equidistant from the cameras 1 of both camera-body pairs, planes passing through top dead center zones, and planes passing through bottom dead center zones. The axis of the pairs receiving the rotation of the shafts 14 are equidistant relative to the straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted. A pair of rotational shafts 14 is mounted on the same axis. When pairs of rotary shafts 14 are mounted along the axes between their ends, a clearance is made with which the planes of the driving gears 13 and, respectively, the ends of the rotational transmitting shafts 12 are rigidly connected drive gears 13. In each pair of rotating shafts 14 mounted on the same axis, in relation to the ends which are spaced, a fixed connection of the driven gear 15 is made to the end of one receiving rotation shaft 14 and made a rigid connection of the crank 16 to the end of another receiving the rotation of the shaft 14.

On two straight lines, each of which is located in one of two planes between which a gap is formed, intersecting the perpendicular to a point lying on a straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted, and equidistant from cameras 1 of both camera-body pairs, planes passing through the zones of the top dead center, and the planes passing through the zone of the bottom dead center, there are two driven gears 15 lying on the same plane, rigidly connected to the ends of the receiving shafts 14. Two driven gears 15 are located are provided in the same plane of the two driving gears 13, with one driven gear 15 being coupled for gearing with one driving gear 13, and the other driven gear 15 being mated for gearing with another driving gear 13. Two other driven gears 15 are located in the other plane of two other driving gears 13, with one driven gear 15 mating for a gear with one driving gear 13, and the other driven gear 15 mating for a gear with another gear 13.

To each driven gear wheel 15, which are provided on their disk surface with a cylindrical protrusion with an axis offset from the axis of rotation of the driven gear 15, due to the cylindrical protrusion, it is movably connected at one end along the tension connecting rod 5, the second end of which is movably connected to the body 2. In addition to moreover, to each crank rigidly connected with the end of the shaft receiving the rotation of 14, the pairs of the shaft receiving the rotation of 14, due to the cylindrical protrusion on the crank 16 are movably connected at one end along the tensile connecting rod 5, the second end of which is movably connected to the body 2. In each group of four extension rods 5, two extension rods 5 are connected to the crank 16 and two extension rods 5 to the driven gear 15. One group of extension rods 5 is connected to one body 2, the second group of extension rods 5 is connected with the second body 2.

Both pairs of transmitting rotation shafts 12 from an external source of torque, four pairs of receiving rotation shafts 14 are mounted relative to the outer surfaces of the crankcase 3 using a pair of brackets located on the sides of the crankcase 3. Couples transmitting rotation of the shafts 12 are mounted on the sides of the crankcase 3, and the pairs receiving rotation shafts 14 - in the angular parts of the crankcase 3 (see Fig. 6), in which inside the crankcase 3 there are ends of the parts of the hardening chambers that extend outward relative to the crankcase 3, equipped with fittings 7. The geometric configuration of the bracket It is also chosen on the basis of the conditions for achieving balanced reactor and does not introduce imbalance.

In the third embodiment, the crank mechanism is implemented in the composition (see Fig. 2, 3 and 7) of four receiving shafts (axles of gears) 10 from an external source of torque, four pairs of gears 6, equipped with a cylindrical protrusion on their disk surface (spike) 11 with an axis offset relative to the axis of rotation of the gear 6, two groups of extension rods 5, containing four extension rods 5.

The shafts 10 that receive rotation from an external source of torque are set so that their axes are equidistant from a point lying on a straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted and equidistant from the cameras 1 of both camera-body pairs, planes passing through the upper dead zones points, and planes passing through lower dead center zones. In addition, the axes of the shafts 10 receiving rotation from an external source of torque are equidistant from the straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted. The axes of the shafts receiving rotation 10 from an external source of torque are perpendicular to the straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted.

A pair of gears 6 is rigidly connected to the ends of each rotating shaft 10 from an external source. With respect to each of the rotating shaft 10 receiving in each pair of gears 6, one gear 6 is located in one plane, the second gear 6 is located in another plane. A gap is formed between the two indicated planes, and the gap with respect to all pairs of gears 6 is the same. The gap is formed with the possibility of placing in it a pair of chamber-body, other structural elements of the reactor, in particular, quenching chambers, crankcase 3.

All gears 6, located in the same plane, are interconnected for a gear transmission. Due to the cylindrical protrusion (spike) 11, each end 6 is movably connected at one end along the extension rod 5, the second end of which is movably connected to the body 2. In each group of four extension rods 5, two extension rods 5 are connected to two gear wheels 6, located in one plane, and two tension connecting rods 5 - with two gears 6 located in another plane. One group of extension rods 5 is connected to one body 2, the second group of extension rods is connected to the second body 2.

The shafts 10 receiving rotation from an external source of torque are made in the angular parts of the crankcase 3 (see Fig. 7), with the possibility of through installation relative to the crankcase 3. In the inner volume of the crankcase 3 they are placed at a fixed distance relative to the parts of the quenching chamber, the ends of which are outgoing outward relative to the crankcase 3, equipped with fittings 7.

A more detailed implementation of the camera-body pairs in a two-chamber reactor is as follows (see Fig. 2 and 3).

In the cameras-body pairs installed on the same straight pair with a symmetrical arrangement of planes passing through the zones of upper dead points, and planes passing through the zones of lower dead points, relative to the plane perpendicular to the line on which the camera-body pairs are installed, in each a pair of camera-body camera 1 is made in the form of a hollow cylinder. At the same time, at the base of the cylinder, the least distant from the plane, with respect to which the planes passing through the zones of upper dead points are symmetrically located, and the planes passing through the zones of lower dead points, an end wall is made. The camera-body pairs are located with the end walls facing each other.

In each pair of camera-body, each body 2 is made in the form of a piston. Moreover, the location in each chamber 1 of each body 2 — each of the reagents intended to compress the mixture when they are moved between the zones of the upper and lower dead points of the pistons, by means of which, in relation to each chamber-body pair, the crank mechanism with tension rods is connected with the formation the same kinematic chain, with the possibility of synchronous translational-reciprocal movement to the zones of top dead center and zones of the bottom dead center of each body 2 in each chamber 1, is implemented from the side of each of the cylinder chamber, which is farthest from the plane, with respect to which the planes passing through the zones of the top dead points are symmetrically located, and the planes passing through the zones of the bottom dead points.

In camera-body pairs, each piston is made up of a bottom forming a piston head connected to a skirt. The skirt is provided on the sides with a pair of external T-shaped piston fingers. Each of the T-shaped piston fingers consists of a leg connected to the skirt and its middle part connected to the leg.

Each chamber 1 - cylinder is equipped with slots. In the slots of the legs are located T-shaped piston fingers with the conclusion of the rods outward relative to the cylinder chamber.

The ends of the rods are made with the possibility of movable connection with tension rods 5.

The surface of the piston bottom and the end wall of the cylinder, oriented towards each other, are made plane-parallel.

In the central parts of the end walls, with which the camera-body pairs are located towards each other and which are made at the base of the cylinders, the least distant from the plane relative to which the planes passing through the zones of upper dead points are symmetrically located, and the planes passing through the zones of lower dead points, the output channels located between the zones of the upper dead points of the camera-body pairs are made (see Figs. 3 and 4). The output channels are made with controlled output valves in the form of outlet openings, which are equipped with controlled output valves.

In the parts of cylinders characterized by a cylindrical surface, there are realized input channels with controlled input valves located between the zones of lower dead points of the camera-body pairs. Each input channel is implemented as a pair of inlets provided with controlled input valves (with fittings for the input channel 8 and 9, see Fig. 3) for supplying reagents to the working volume. Holes with controlled valves are made in each cylinder in such a way that the centers of the holes are located in the plane of the same cross section and with equal distance of the centers of the holes relative to the straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted.

The pressure sensors in the working volumes made in the chamber-body pairs and the sensors for outputting the processed product from the working volumes with their location between the zones of the top dead points of the chamber-body pairs are located outside the working volumes. Pressure sensors are installed on the end walls. Sensors for the output of the processed product from the working volumes are installed at the outlet openings.

In the two-chamber version of the reactor, each chamber-body pair is equipped with a quenching chamber (see Figs. 3 and 4), the implementation of which also meets the conditions of reactor balance, the absence of noise and vibration.

As indicated above, each camera-body pair is equipped with a KZ hardening chamber made symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the planes passing through the top dead center zones and to the planes passing through the bottom dead center zones and passing through a straight line on which the camera- a body in communication with the working volume of the RO through a controlled valve of the outlet channel. In addition, each short-circuit hardening chamber is implemented end-to-end with chamber-body pairs of crankcase 3 (see Figs. 3 and 4). Each KZ hardening chamber is made up of two tubular parts with 3 ends extending outward relative to the crankcase, equipped with fittings 7. The tubular parts are the same, symmetrically located relative to the plane perpendicular to the planes passing through the top dead center zones and to the planes passing through the lower dead center zones , and passing through a straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted, which is the plane of symmetry of the quenching chamber. In the crankcase 3, the tubular parts are connected by an adapter made symmetrical about the symmetry plane of the KZ quenching chamber. The controlled valve of the outlet channel is made in the form of a spool valve, which is installed in the adapter. In addition, each quenching chamber is made with the possibility of filling it with cold inert gas or keeping it in a state of cold vacuum with setting the required pressure in it.

Carter 3 plays the role of a housing uniting the reactor into a single whole. If the reactor is carried out in a small volume, with a working volume of, for example, 0.1 l, the crankcase 3 is one cast piece. In a reactor with a larger working volume, for example, more than 0.6 L, the crankcase 3 is a prefabricated structure. It should be noted that it is possible to implement the reactor without crankcase 3.

Both a single-chamber reactor and a two-chamber reactor are characterized by the following design features.

In a camera-body pair, the surfaces of the chamber and the bodies moved relative to each other are provided with a coating obtained by microarc or thermoelectrochemical oxidation, the body relative to the chamber is positioned with a gap ensuring that there is no effect of bypassing the mixture of reagents on the processing process. The given execution feature is aimed at preventing pollution of the volume of the reaction chamber, the source of which is the reactor itself, as well as preventing rapid wear of the chamber-body pair. In well-known solutions, the implementation of the chamber-body pair implies the use of traditional piston sealing rings and traditional, oil-based lubricants, which ensures contamination of the volume of the reaction chamber, the occurrence of spurious reactions, structural wear and low operating life. The surfaces of the chamber and body moving relative to each other need lubrication to reduce friction and to ensure heat dissipation. In the proposed reactor, the coefficient of friction between the surfaces of the chamber and the body with the specified coating, moved relative to each other, is not more than 5 × 10 ^-2 , which eliminates the use of oils for lubrication. The coating has the ability to withstand thermal cycling, is characterized by increased thermal and wear resistance. The coating withstands the temperature during a chemical reaction of processing more than 2000 K. The body and the chamber with movable surfaces provided with the specified coating are positioned relative to each other with a gap, which ensures that there is no effect of bypassing the mixture of reagents on the processing process. As a result, the need to use o-rings, which are subject to wear, does not guarantee the absence of reagent bypass. As the lubricant of surfaces with the specified coating can be used air in the gap. He is a refrigerant. Also, in special cases, water, water vapor can be used for lubrication, as lubricants that improve heat dissipation.

In the reactor, in relation to the chamber-body pair, a device for supplying lubricant and refrigerant to the gap with which the body is located relative to the chamber is made, in addition, the body is made with the possibility of additional cooling. The device for supplying grease and refrigerant to the gap is implemented in the form of tubes for supplying air acting as a lubricant and a refrigerant, or water acting as a lubricant and a refrigerant. In addition, the body can be made with the possibility of additional cooling by means of channels formed in it for passing refrigerant through it - water or air.

The gap between these surfaces with the specified coating, ensuring that there is no effect of bypassing the mixture of reagents on the processing process, is equal in size from 5 to 20 microns, including the specified interval values.

The cylinder is made round, respectively, the piston is made with a round bottom. The skirt is cylindrical. The connection of the bottom with the skirt is made from one end of the cylindrical skirt. The skirt is provided on the sides with a pair of external T-shaped piston fingers from the second end of the cylinder-shaped skirt. T-shaped piston pins are diametrically opposed to each other. Accordingly, the cylinder cuts in which the T-shaped piston pins are located in the legs are diametrically opposite along the cylinder generatrix.

The above embodiment of the cylinder and piston does not exclude the possibility of using other geometric configurations when performing them. For example, an elliptical cylinder with a base shape in the form of an ellipse, or a cylinder in the form of a prism in which the base is a polygon. Accordingly, in these cases, the piston is made with an elliptical bottom or with a bottom in the form of a polygon.

The output sensor of the processed product is made in the form of a thermocouple. A thermocouple or thermoelectric converter is widely used in industry, scientific research, medicine, in automation systems mainly for measuring temperature. In this case, it is used as a sensor. By changing the temperature at the outlet, which can vary significantly depending on whether the product is being withdrawn or not, the output is judged whether the output of the processed product is finished or it continues.

The pressure sensor is made in the form of a load cell weight. For example, based on a load cell - a digital sensor (RS-485). The principle of operation of the pressure sensor is based on a change in the resistance of the conductor during mechanical action on it. In the simplest embodiment, the sensor is a fine-mesh wire mesh fixed to a conductive base - metal foil.

As a controlled input valve, a solenoid valve is made. An electromagnetic valve is typically used to control all types of flows, including gas flows. As part of the valve, a housing is made, a solenoid (electromagnetic coil) with a core, a disk or piston controlling the flow is connected to the latter. An electrical voltage is applied to the electromagnetic coil, as a result of which the magnetic core is drawn into the solenoid, which causes the valve to open or close. The above valve design is used both in complex technological processes and in everyday life. By means of a valve, it is remotely possible to supply the required volume of reagents at the required time.

An electromechanical or mechanical valve is made as a controlled output valve. In particular, the controlled output valve is in the form of a gas distribution mechanism, spool. The design of the controlled outlet valve is detailed below.

The controlled output valve is made in the form of a spool gas distribution mechanism (see Fig. 3 and 4) as part of a rotating spool 4 and a shaft connected to it. The axis of rotation of the shaft is located in the plane of symmetry of the KZ quenching chamber. The rotating spool 4 is made with a geometric configuration corresponding to the body of rotation with the axis of rotation coinciding with the axis of rotation of the shaft. Inside the spool 4, a cavity is formed with an inlet with an axis coinciding with the axis of rotation of the shaft. The spool 4 is provided with at least one lateral through the figured window B. The figured window B is characterized by a geometry that ensures the formation of a plurality of segments with an individual length when crossing the window contour with a plurality of planes passing through the axis of rotation of the shaft. The geometrical configuration and dimensions of the spool 4 are set based on the condition that the cross-sectional shape of the tubular portion selected in the region of its connection with the adapter can be located in the inner region of the cross-sectional shape of the spool 4 obtained in the plane in which the rotation axis is located.

When installing the slide valve in the adapter, the valve 4 is installed in the adapter between the parts of the tubular quenching chamber. Shaft - in the plane of symmetry of the KZ quenching chamber. In this case, the rotating spool 4 from the side of the entrance to its cavity is installed with the inlet cavity adjacent to the surface of the chamber 1 with the coverage of the entire output channel with the cavity inlet. Or, a rotating spool 4 from the entrance to its cavity is installed in the output channel (as shown in Fig. 4) with the spool 4 adjacent to the surface of the output channel. As in one case, and in another case, the installation was made with the possibility of the formation between the chamber 1 and the spool 4 of a sliding uniformly tight contact when the spool 4 is rotated. The spool 4 is part of it, in which at least one lateral through figured window B is made , installed adjacent to the adapter. The installation is made with the possibility of the formation between the adapter and the spool 4 of the sliding uniformly tight contact during rotation of the spool 4 and the implementation of the message cavity of the spool 4 with the volume of each part of the tubular quenching chamber KZ through the figured window B.

The rotating spool 4 is made with a geometric configuration corresponding to the body of rotation, namely, a cone, or a cylinder (as in Figs. 3 and 4), or a ball.

In the spool 4, equipped with at least one lateral through figured window B, characterized by a geometry that ensures the formation of a plurality of segments with an individual length when crossing the window contour through the axis of rotation of the shaft, the window is formed in the form of a semicircle, or a quarter circle , or triangle.

The shaft with which the spool 4 is connected is connected to an additional external source of torque. The shaft through the specified source is connected to the hardware-software complex. An additional electric motor is used as an additional external source of torque.

In the reactor, a hardware-software complex with which controlled valves, a pressure sensor, a product output sensor, a crank mechanism with tension rods are connected is based on a computer and a controller connected to it. It provides control commands to the controlled valves of the input and output channels, a crank mechanism with tension rods and data transmission from the pressure sensor, the output sensor of the processed product. The controlled valve of the output channel is connected to the controller of the software and hardware complex via a product output sensor.

A crank mechanism with extension rods is connected to the controller through the shaft of an external torque source. An electric motor is used as an external source of torque.

A controller with programmable logic was used as a controller, a programmable controller is the electronic component of a computerized device (installation) used to automate the process. Programmable logic controller refers to real-time devices. It is focused on working with devices through developed input of sensor signals and output of signals to actuators. It is produced as an independent product, separate from equipment controlled with its help.

In the reactor, the input channel, implemented as part of a pair of inlets provided with controlled input valves for supplying reagents to the working volume, is connected to the means for supplying reagents. One inlet (see Figs. 2 and 3, 8 is a fitting for the input channel, the reagent supply means are not shown in the figures) is made for supplying the main reagent containing the processed substance and is connected to the preparation and supply unit of the main reagent via a controlled input valve. A controlled input valve associated with the hardware-software complex provides the required dosage of its entry into the working volume. The second inlet (9 - input channel fitting) is made for supplying an auxiliary reagent containing an auxiliary substance, and is connected to the preparation and supply unit of an auxiliary reagent. The preparation and supply unit of the auxiliary reagent is made up of an air blower, an air temperature controller, an ejector mixer, and a heat exchanger. In this case, the air compressor through the air temperature controller is connected to the ejector mixer with the possibility of supplying pumped air to it after temperature correction for mixing with the auxiliary substances necessary for the reaction of the processing to be supplied to the ejector mixer. The ejector mixer is connected to a heat exchanger with the possibility of supplying air mixed with auxiliary substances to the latter for subsequent temperature correction. The heat exchanger is connected to the second hole (9 - input channel fitting) for supplying an auxiliary reagent by means of a controlled input valve connected to the hardware-software complex providing the required dosage of its entry into the working volume.

Chemical compression reactor operates as follows. For example, consider methane processing in engine mode.

In the means for supplying reagents, the preparation of an auxiliary reagent containing an auxiliary substance is carried out. To do this, use the unit for the preparation and supply of auxiliary reagent. The required amount of air is supplied through an air blower to the air temperature regulator, by means of which the air temperature is adjusted. Then, said air is supplied to an ejector mixer, in which air is mixed with oxygen. From the ejector mixer, air mixed with oxygen is supplied to the heat exchanger for subsequent temperature correction. In the means for supplying reagents, namely, in the unit for preparing and supplying the main reagent, the main reagent containing the processed substance, methane, is prepared in parallel. Then, through the inlet openings (see Figs. 2 and 3) provided with fittings for the inlet channel 8 for connecting the inlet openings of the inlet channels to the preparation and supply unit of the main reagent, the main reagent containing the processed substance — methane is fed into the working volumes of the steam chamber -body. By means of controlled input valves associated with the hardware-software complex, the required dosage of its entry into the working volumes is provided. In parallel, through the inlet openings (see Figs. 2 and 3) provided with fittings for the inlet channel 9 for connecting the inlet openings of the inlet channels to the auxiliary reagent preparation and supply unit, the auxiliary reagent containing the auxiliary substance — oxygen is supplied to the working volumes of the chamber’s steam -body. By means of controlled input valves associated with the hardware-software complex, the required dosage of its entry into the working volumes is provided.

In the engine mode, the supplied reagents are dosed taking into account the selection of the composition of the reagent mixture close to stoichiometric.

When applying the reagents of the body 2 in the working volumes of the camera-body pairs are in the zones of lower dead points. At the end of the supply of the reagent mixture to the working volumes, the bodies 2 in the chambers 1 begin to synchronously move to the zones of upper dead points due to the crank mechanism with tension rods, with which it is associated with the formation of the same kinematic chain with each camera-body pair, namely , with bodies 2, setting them in motion. Bodies 2 move to the top dead center zones, decreasing the working volume in each chamber 1, compressing the mixture, until the pressure and temperature in each chamber 1, corresponding to the start of the processing reaction, are reached. Pressure sensors located outside the working volume on the end walls of each chamber 1 measure pressure in real time. Data enters the hardware-software complex that controls the operation of the reactor. In the reactor, it is possible to adjust the position of the zones of the top dead center of the chambers 1 with a response time of about 0.1 sec and an accuracy of about 10 μm, feeding the mixture of reagents into the working volumes of chambers 1 with a minimum response time of about 0.5 sec. The reactor operates in the optimal frequency range up to 10 Hz.

Pressure monitoring in working volumes provides information on the course of the process in them.

Taking into account the calculated oxidation curve, the mixture of reagents in the working volumes of the chamber-body 2 pairs is compressed by means of a moving body to a pressure of about 90 atm. The reaction is started. Further, the pressure is maintained at 90 atm. until the bodies reach 2 zones of top dead center in the chambers 1. The necessary pressure value is regulated and maintained with the help of a hardware-software complex. It controls the operation of the valves in the output channels, each of which is made in the form of a slide valve. Bringing the spool 4 with the figured window B into rotational motion (see Fig. 4), unlocks or locks the output channel, sets, depending on the angular position of the spool 4 with the figured window B, the required passage size of the message of the working volume of the RO chamber 1 with the KZ hardening chamber , which receives the processed product as it is received, “connects” to the pressure control in the working volumes of the RO the effect of throttling of the KZ quenching chamber. An inlet valve in the form of a valve-type gas distribution mechanism under the control of a hardware-software complex distributes the processed product in equal volumes to the parts of the tubular quenching chamber. Upon reaching the zones of upper dead points by bodies 2 in chambers 1, the processing product is discharged into the quenching chambers of the short circuit. Information on the output of the product is provided by the sensors of the output of the processed product from the working volumes located on the outlet openings of the output channels. Spool 4 according to the control command of the hardware-software complex closes the output channels as the required volume of the processed product is withdrawn - in full or in part. Bodies 2 in chambers 1 move to lower dead center zones. Upon reaching the zones of lower dead points, the controlled input valves, upon the command of the hardware-software complex, unlock the input channels and a new portion of the mixture of reagents with the processed substance enters the working volumes of the camera-body pairs. The reactor carries out the next processing cycle.

The product of processing received in the KZ quenching chamber is cooled. The quenching chamber is filled with cold inert gas or kept under a cold vacuum. Further, by means of the ends of each of the parts of the tubular quenching chamber equipped with fittings 7 (see Figs. 3 and 4) that extend outwardly relative to the crankcase 3, the resulting product is shipped to the receiver of the processed product.

Claims (22)

1. Chemical compression reactor containing a crank mechanism associated with a crank mechanism of a pair of camera-body-reaction chamber and the body located in it to compress the mixture of reagents when it moves between the zones of upper and lower dead points, delimiting when it is in the zone of bottom dead center the working volume in the chamber, the channel for introducing reagents into the working volume and the channel for outputting the processed product from the working volume, characterized in that the crank mechanism is made with tension rods, which connected to a camera-body pair, with the possibility of reciprocating movement to the zones of top dead center and zones of the bottom dead center of the body in the chamber, in the chamber-body pair, pressure sensors in the working volume and sensors for outputting the processed product from the working volume are made, the channel for inputting the pair the camera-body is configured to communicate with the working volume when the body is in the zone of bottom dead center, the output channel of the camera-body pair is configured to communicate with a part of the working volume equal to the value of the working volume minus a circuit located between the zones of the upper and lower dead center points, controlled input and output valves are installed in the input and output channels, the camera-body pair is equipped with a quenching chamber configured to communicate with the working volume through a controlled valve of the output channel, to control the operation of the reactor a hardware-software complex with which controlled valves, a pressure sensor, a sensor for output of a processed product, a crank mechanism with extension rods are connected. 2. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactor has an additional same pair of camera-body pairs, both camera-body pairs are mounted on the same straight line with a symmetrical arrangement of planes passing through the top dead center zones, and planes, passing through the zones of lower dead points, relative to the plane perpendicular to the straight line on which the camera-body pairs are mounted, the crank mechanism with tension rods is connected to each camera-body pair with the formation of the same kinematic chain, with the possibility of synchronous reciprocating movement to the zones of top dead center and zones of bottom dead center of each body in each chamber, pressure sensors in working volumes and sensors for outputting the processed product from working volumes with their location between the zones of top dead points of pairs are made in both camera-body pairs camera-body, input channels of camera-body pairs, each of which is capable of communicating with the working volume when each body is in the zone of bottom dead center, are located between the zones of bottom dead center p camera-body, the output channels of the camera-body pairs, each of which is configured to communicate with a part of the working volume equal to the working volume minus the volume located between the upper and lower dead center zones, located between the upper dead center zones of the camera- body, in both input channels and both output channels are installed controlled valves, respectively, of input and output, each camera-body pair is equipped with a quenching chamber configured to communicate with the working volume through a controlled channel valve For output, each quenching chamber is symmetrical about a plane perpendicular to the planes passing through the zones of upper dead points and the zone of lower dead points, and passing through a straight line on which camera-body pairs are installed, the hardware-software complex is connected to controlled valves, pressure sensors , sensors output product processing of both pairs of camera-body. 3. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that in the chamber-body pair the surfaces of the chamber and the bodies moved relative to each other are provided with a coating obtained by microarc or thermoelectrochemical oxidation, the body relative to the chamber is located with a gap, which ensures that there is no effect of bypassing the mixture of reagents on processing process. 4. The reactor according to p. 3, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a device for supplying lubricant and refrigerant to the gap with which the body is located relative to the chamber, in addition, the body is made with the possibility of additional cooling. 5. The reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that the device for supplying lubricant and refrigerant to the gap is implemented in the form of tubes for supplying air, which performs the function of lubricant and refrigerant, or water, which performs the function of lubricant and refrigerant. 6. The reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that the body is made with the possibility of additional cooling by means of channels formed in it for passing through them refrigerant - water or air. 7. The reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that the gap between the indicated surfaces with the specified coating, ensuring the absence of the effect of bypassing the mixture of reagents on the processing process, is equal in value from 5 to 20 μm, including the specified interval values. 8. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that in the chamber-body pair the chamber is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, an end wall is made in one cylinder base, in the chamber-body pair the body is made in the form of a piston, the location in the chamber of the body intended for compression of the mixture of reagents when moving between the zones of the top and bottom dead points of the piston, by means of which, in relation to the camera-body pair, the crank mechanism is connected with the extension rods, it is realized from the side of the other base of the cylinder, the piston is made up of developing a piston head of the bottom connected to the skirt, which is provided on the sides with a pair of external T-shaped piston fingers, consisting of a leg connected to the skirt and connected to the leg with its middle part of the rod, while the cylinder chamber is provided with slots in which the T shaped piston fingers with the conclusion of the rods outward relative to the cylinder chamber, the ends of the rods are movably connected to the extension rods, the surface of the piston bottom and the end wall, oriented towards each other, ying parallel plate. 9. The reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that in the chamber-body mounted on the same straight pair with a symmetrical arrangement of planes passing through the zones of upper dead points and planes passing through the zones of lower dead points, relative to a plane perpendicular a straight line on which the camera-body pairs are installed, in each camera-body pair the camera is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, while at the base of the cylinder, which is least distant from the plane relative to which the planes passing through the end dead spots, and planes passing through the bottom dead center zones, an end wall is made, camera-body pairs are located with end walls facing each other, in each camera-body pair each body is made in the form of a piston, with the arrangement in each chamber body - of each of the reagents intended to compress the mixture when they are moved between the zones of the upper and lower dead points of the pistons, by means of which, in relation to each camera-body pair, the connection of the crank mechanism with the connecting rods is extended I with the formation of the same kinematic chain, with the possibility of synchronous translational-reciprocal movement to the zones of top dead center and zones of the bottom dead center of each body in each chamber, is implemented from the side of each chamber-cylinder, the most distant from the plane relative to which the planes passing symmetrically through the zones of the top dead points, and the planes passing through the zones of the bottom dead points, in the chamber-body pairs each piston is made up of the bottom forming the piston head with a skirt, which is provided on the sides with a pair of external T-shaped piston fingers, consisting of a leg connected to the skirt and connected to the leg with its middle part of the rod, each cylinder chamber is provided with slots in which the T-shaped piston fingers are located with legs the output of the rods outward relative to the cylinder chamber, the ends of the rods are movably connected to the extension rods, the surfaces of the piston bottom and the end wall, oriented towards each other, are made plane-parallel. 10. The reactor according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the cylinder is made round, respectively, the piston is made with a round bottom, the skirt is cylindrical, the connection of the bottom with the skirt is made from one end of the cylinder-shaped skirt, the skirt is provided on the sides with a pair of external T-shaped piston fingers from the second end of the cylindrical skirt, which are diametrically opposed to each other, respectively, the cylinder cuts, in which the legs are T-shaped piston fingers, are made along the generatrix of the cylinder etralno opposite. 11. The reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that in the central part of the end wall there is an output channel with a controlled output valve in the form of an outlet that is equipped with a controlled output valve, in the cylinder part characterized by a cylindrical surface, an input channel with a controlled input valve is implemented , the input channel is made up of a pair of inlets provided with controlled input valves for supplying reagents to the working volume, openings with controlled valves are made in the cylinder so that the centers open thioses are located in the plane of the same cross section and with equal distance between the centers of the holes relative to the straight line along which the camera-body pair is installed, the pressure sensor in the working volume made in the camera-body pair and the sensor for removing the processed product from the working volume are located outside the working volumes , a pressure sensor is installed on the end wall, and a sensor for outputting the processed product from the working volume is installed on the outlet. 12. The reactor according to p. 9, characterized in that in the central parts of the end walls, with which the camera-body pairs are located opposite each other and which are made in the bases of the cylinders, the least distant from the plane relative to which the planes passing through the upper dead zones are symmetrically located points, and planes passing through the zones of lower dead points, made the channels of the output located between the zones of the top dead points of the camera-body pairs with controlled output valves in the form of outlet openings, which are equipped with control the output valves, in the parts of the cylinders characterized by a cylindrical surface, implemented are the input channels located between the zones of the lower dead points of the camera-body pairs with the control input valves, each input channel is implemented as a pair of input ports provided with controlled input valves for supplying reagents to the working volume, holes with controlled valves are made in each cylinder so that the centers of the holes are located in the plane of the same cross section and with equal distance the centers of the openings are relatively straight, on which the camera-body pairs are mounted, pressure sensors in the working volumes and pressure sensors in the working volumes and sensors of the output of the processed product from the working volumes with their location between the zones of the top dead points of the camera-body pairs are located outside the working volumes, the sensors pressures are installed on the end walls, and sensors for outputting the processed product from the working volumes are installed on the outlet openings. 13. The reactor according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that an electromechanical or mechanical valve is made as a controlled output valve, and an electromagnetic valve is made as a controlled input valve, the processed product output sensor is made in the form of a thermocouple, and the pressure sensor is made in the form load cell weight. 14. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the hardware-software complex with which the controlled valves are connected, a pressure sensor, a product output sensor, a crank mechanism with tension rods is made on the basis of a computer connected to the controller, with the feed control commands to the controlled valves of the input and output channels, a crank mechanism with connecting rods for tension and data transmission from the pressure sensor, the output sensor of the processed product through the controller, the controlled valve channel output associated with the controller hardware and software products through the sensor output, a crank mechanism with tension rods connected to the controller via the external shaft torque. 15. The reactor according to p. 14, characterized in that the external source of torque is made in the form of an electric motor. 16. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the quenching chamber, which is equipped with a camera-body pair, configured to communicate with the working volume through a controlled valve of the outlet channel, is implemented as two identical tubular-shaped symmetrically located relative to a plane passing through a straight line, along which a camera-body pair is installed, and such a plane in which is perpendicular to a straight line along which a camera-body pair is installed, which is the plane of symmetry of the quenching chamber, of parts with the ends provided with fittings, the tubular parts are connected by an adapter made symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry of the quenching chamber, and the controlled valve of the outlet channel is made in the form of a spool valve, which is installed in the adapter, in addition, the quenching chamber is made with the possibility of filling it with cold inert gas or content it is in a state of cold vacuum with the task of the required pressure in it. 17. The reactor according to claim 16, characterized in that the controllable outlet valve is made in the form of a spool gas distribution mechanism comprising a rotating spool and a shaft connected therewith, the axis of rotation of which is located in the plane of symmetry of the quenching chamber, the rotating spool is made with a geometric configuration corresponding to the body rotation axis of rotation coinciding with the axis of rotation of the shaft, a cavity is formed inside the spool with an inlet with an axis coinciding with the axis of rotation of the shaft, the spool is provided with at least one they have a through figured window, lateral with respect to the axis of rotation, characterized by a geometry that ensures the formation of many planes passing through the axis of rotation of the shaft when crossing the window contour, multiple segments with an individual length, the geometrical configuration and dimensions of the spool are set based on the condition that the cross-sectional shape of the tubular part can be arranged, selected in the area of its connection with the adapter, in the internal region of the cross-sectional shape of the spool obtained in a plane in which p the rotation axis is located, when installing the spool valve in the adapter, the spool is installed in the adapter between the parts of the tubular quenching chamber, the shaft is in the plane of symmetry of the quenching chamber, while the rotating spool from the input side to its cavity is installed with the cavity inlet adjacent to the chamber surface with coverage of the entire output channel with the cavity inlet, or a rotating spool from the input side of its cavity is installed in the output channel with the spool adjacent to the surface These output channels, both in one case and in another case, the installation was made with the possibility of the formation between the camera and the spool of sliding uniformly tight contact during rotation of the spool, and the part in which at least one lateral through figured window is made, the rotating spool is installed with adjacent to the adapter, with the possibility of the formation between the adapter and the spool of sliding uniformly tight contact during rotation of the spool and the implementation of the message of the cavity of the spool with the volume of each of the parts t ubchatoobraznoy quenching chamber by means of figure window. 18. The reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that each camera-body pair is equipped with a quenching chamber symmetrical about a plane perpendicular to the planes passing through the top dead center zones and the planes passing through the lower dead center zones and passing through a straight line on which the camera-body pairs are installed, and each quenching chamber is configured to communicate with the working volume through a controlled valve of the output channel, namely, each quenching chamber is implemented end-to-end with the camera-body pairs a rotor, consisting of two tubular-shaped equally symmetrically located relative to a plane perpendicular to the planes passing through the zones of upper dead points, and the planes passing through the zones of lower dead points, and passing through a straight line on which the camera-body pairs are installed, which is the plane of symmetry of the quenching chamber , parts with outgoing ends relative to the crankcase, provided with fittings, in the crankcase, the tubular parts are connected by an adapter made symmetrical about the sym This is the case of the quenching chamber, and the controlled valve of the outlet channel is made in the form of a slide valve, which is installed in the adapter, in addition, each quenching chamber is made with the possibility of filling it with cold inert gas or keeping it in a cold vacuum with the required pressure set in it. 19. The reactor according to p. 18, characterized in that the controllable outlet valve is made in the form of a spool gas distribution mechanism comprising a rotating spool and a shaft connected to it, the axis of rotation of which is located in the plane of symmetry of the quenching chamber, the rotating spool is made with a geometric configuration corresponding to the body rotation axis of rotation coinciding with the axis of rotation of the shaft, a cavity is formed inside the spool with an inlet with an axis coinciding with the axis of rotation of the shaft, the spool is provided with at least one they have a through figured window, lateral with respect to the axis of rotation, characterized by a geometry that ensures the formation of many planes passing through the axis of rotation of the shaft when crossing the window contour, multiple segments with an individual length, the geometrical configuration and dimensions of the spool are set based on the condition that the cross-sectional shape of the tubular part can be arranged, selected in the area of its connection with the adapter, in the internal region of the cross-sectional shape of the spool obtained in a plane in which p the rotation axis is located, when installing the spool valve in the adapter, the spool is installed in the adapter between the parts of the tubular quenching chamber, the shaft is in the plane of symmetry of the quenching chamber, while the rotating spool from the input side to its cavity is installed with the cavity inlet adjacent to the chamber surface with coverage of the entire output channel with the cavity inlet, or a rotating spool from the input side of its cavity is installed in the output channel with the spool adjacent to the surface of the output channel, in both cases, the installation was made with the possibility of the formation between the camera and the slide valve of sliding uniformly tight contact during rotation of the slide valve, and the part in which at least one lateral through figured window is made, the rotating slide valve is mounted adjacent to the adapter, with the possibility of formation between the adapter and the slide valve of the sliding uniformly tight contact during the rotation of the slide valve and the implementation of the message of the cavity of the slide valve with the volume of each of the parts of the tubular chamber sharks through a figured window. 20. The reactor according to p. 17 or 19, characterized in that the rotating spool is made with a geometric configuration corresponding to the body of rotation, namely the cone, or cylinder, or ball. 21. The reactor according to claim 17 or 19, characterized in that in the spool, equipped with at least one lateral through curly window, characterized by a geometry that ensures the formation of many planes passing through the axis of rotation of the shaft, passing through the axis of rotation of the shaft, of multiple segments with an individual length , the shaped window is formed in the shape of a semicircle, or a quarter of a circle, or a triangle. 22. The reactor according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the input channel, implemented as part of a pair of inlet openings for supplying reactants to the working volume, is connected to reagent supply means, one inlet is made for supplying a main reagent containing the processed substance, and is connected to the preparation and supply unit of the main reagent by means of a controlled input valve that provides the required dosage of its entry into the working volume associated with the hardware-software complex som, a second inlet is made for supplying an auxiliary reagent containing an auxiliary substance, and is connected to a preparation and supply unit for an auxiliary reagent made up of an air blower, an air temperature controller, an ejector mixer, a heat exchanger, while the air compressor is connected to an ejector mixer through an air temperature controller with the possibility of supplying injected air into it after temperature correction for mixing with those supplied to the ejector mixer are necessary for the reaction of the processing of auxiliary substances, the ejector mixer is connected to the heat exchanger with the possibility of supplying air mixed with auxiliary substances to the latter for subsequent temperature correction, the heat exchanger is connected to the second hole for supplying the auxiliary reagent by means of a controlled inlet valve providing the required dosage of its entry into the working volume associated with the hardware-software complex.

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