RU2639372C1 - Pilotless aircraft (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.SUBSTANCE: in first version of the pilotless aircraft has two engines running on one propeller, shafts of which are connected by gears or controlled socket, or who work at a common gearbox with two pinions and connected with reducer by overspeed or clutch couplings. The power of the engine close to the propeller is 170-230% of the power of the second engine. In the second version, a pilotless aircraft has two engines working on a propeller through a gear unit in which the torque of a more powerful engine is transmitted directly, and the torque of a less powerful engine is transmitted via a downshift. Both engines are connected to the gear unit by overspeed or clutch couplings.EFFECT: increasing the time spent in the air.2 cl

Description

The invention relates to manned and unmanned aircraft (hereinafter referred to as aircraft-type drones).

Unmanned aircraft are known, see Internet, Wikipedia, MQ-9, or US Pat. RU No. 132575. The main struggle has now unfolded around the time spent in flight (in my opinion, this is a mistake - a drone designed for 48 hours of flight can be shot down within half a minute after entering the enemy air defense zone). Unmanned aircraft fly according to the algorithm for manned aircraft, which prevents an increase in flight time). The drone does not have to rush anywhere, it needs to "hang" in the air.

The objective and technical result of this invention is to increase the time spent by drones in the air.

This is prevented by excess power and, consequently, excessive fuel consumption. But nevertheless, a drone needs sufficient power to quickly gain the required safe altitude, and to fly quickly enough to the zone of a given location or application (hereinafter referred to as the "patrol zone"). However, then modern drones fly in cruise mode until the end of the patrol. But this is not necessary, since the task of the drone is not to fly a certain distance, but to stay in the air for as long as possible.

METHOD. Therefore, this method consists in the fact that the motor power in standby mode is selected based on the minimum speed allowed for a given height and load (close to the stall limit).

Since the fuel supply in modern drones reaches 50% of the take-off weight, in this way you can save a lot of fuel and increase the time spent in the air by 25-30% without additional design measures.

At the end of the flight, the required motor power can be only 25-30% of the nominal. This makes it extremely desirable to use an engine with switchable cylinders, or an engine with two working shafts (that is, in practice it is two engines).

AIRCRAFT (option 1). That is, this drone has two engines operating on one propeller, the shafts of which are connected by an overrunning or controlled clutch (that is, the engines are connected in tandem), or which work on a common gear with two pinion gears and are connected to the gear by overrunning or controlled couplings, and in the first In this case, the power of the engine closest to the propeller is 60-75% of their total power.

It is the indicated ratio of the power of the two engines, approximately equal to 2, that makes it possible to optimally control the motor power without significantly reducing its efficiency. Suppose the power ratio is 1: 2, and less than 65% of the nominal total power is required. In this case, the rear engine is turned off, and the remaining front engine produces the desired 65% of power. Why not 67%? Given the reduction in engine speed. Therefore, an adjustable pitch propeller is desired.

It is clear that the presence of a gearbox with two pinion gears is preferable to a tandem connection of two engines, since when the need is less than 33% of the total power, this allows you to turn on one engine of lower power. A more powerful engine is disabled by overrunning or controlled clutch. When using the gearbox, the propeller efficiency also increases.

AIRCRAFT (option 2). Since less powerful engines usually operate at higher speeds than more powerful ones (with the same number of cylinders), the following design will be optimal. The drone has two engines running on the propeller through one gear unit, in which the torque of a more powerful engine is transmitted directly, and the torque of a less powerful engine is transmitted through a reduction gear, both engines are connected to the gear device via freewheeling or controlled clutches. This will make better use of the power of both engines.

EXAMPLE. The drone takes off and climbs at maximum or cruising power of its engine / engines. Then it flies to the patrol zone at cruising speed (and possibly at minimum). In the patrol zone, he switches to flying at the minimum speed, which is determined at each current moment based on the instant fuel balance and ammunition consumption (if they were provided for by the drone design) taking into account the aerodynamic quality of the aircraft. In this case, as the required power decreases, one or the second engine is turned off.

Claims (2)

1. An unmanned aircraft, characterized in that it has two engines operating on one propeller, the shafts of which are connected by a freewheel or controlled clutch, or which work on a common gearbox with two pinion gears and connected to the gearbox by a freewheel or controlled clutch, and in the first case power the engine closest to the propeller is 170-230% of the power of the second engine. 2. An unmanned aircraft, characterized in that it has two engines running on the propeller through one gear unit, in which the torque of a more powerful engine is transmitted directly, and the torque of a less powerful engine is transmitted through a reduction gear, both engines being connected to the gear device via overrunning or controlled couplings.