RU2638415C1 - Axial-piston steam engine with controlled inclined disc - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: from one to eight axial-piston cylinders are positioned in the engine body, fixed by a hinged joint at the base to adjust the tilt angle of the cylinder during reciprocating piston motion with piston rods attached to them, pivotally mounted on the piston arms of the inclined disc. The piston rod is placed in the guide, fixed at the top of the cylinder to ensure alignment of the piston discs inside the cylinders. The inclined disc has a central pivot point mounted on a flexible or Z-shaped crankshaft. The operation of the valves is controlled by the arms connected by means of connecting rods, pivotally attached to the valve arms, disposed on the inclined disc. The valve connecting rods are connected to the valves of the working mixture distribution at the base of the cylinder by means of a crank, wherein the connecting point of the connecting rod on the inclined disc is shifted by 90 degrees relative to the attachment point of the piston drive rod of the cylinder connected to it.

EFFECT: precise synchronization of the intake and exhaust phases of the working mixture by valves for any piston stroke.

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Description

The present invention relates to engine building, and in particular to an axial piston steam engine with single-acting pistons in cylinders pivotally mounted on an inclined disk that actuates the intake and exhaust valves of the working mixture.

Known axial piston engine, comprising a housing mounted on it a working cylinder with a sleeve and a head, a piston placed in the cylinder sleeve with the formation of a variable volume chamber, an axial crankshaft with a connecting rod journal located on its axis. The conversion mechanism is made in the form of a two-shouldered triangular lever located in the plane of the cylinder and shaft, with one of the vertices of the lever freely mounted on an axis in the housing, its first shoulder is connected with a piston rod and its second shoulder is connected to a connecting rod. A synchronizing lever is also installed in the housing, the shoulders of which are located in parallel swing planes perpendicular to the swing plane of the triangular lever (RU 2067675 C1, 10.10.1996).

The disadvantage of this device is the presence of many precisely machined parts. Additional lateral forces act on the pistons, which increase the friction between the cylinder walls and the piston, which requires additional lubrication and compaction in hard-to-reach places.

Known axial piston engine containing a housing with a fixed cylinder block, pistons and connecting rods, a swinging washer pivotally connected to the connecting rods, having two spikes on its axis, which are pivotally connected to the corresponding cheeks by means of ball bearings and spherical bearings and have the possibility of longitudinal movement along axis of the engine in the cheeks, while the swinging washer by means of a gimbal, consisting of a spider and bearings, is mounted on movable rods connected to the piston of the annular cylinder ennogo in said housing, which is the servo movement of the swash plate of the motor axis. When moving the swash plate to the side of the cylinder block, the compression ratio increases, and when moving it in the opposite direction, the compression ratio decreases (RU 92012665 A, 03/20/1995).

The disadvantage of this device is the presence of many precisely machined parts, as well as a one-piece engine block of cylinders, which contributes to an increase in the total mass of the engine and imposes restrictions on the location of additional cylinders. Additional lateral forces act on the pistons, which increase the friction between the cylinder walls and the piston, which requires additional lubrication and compaction in hard-to-reach places.

Known axial piston engine comprising a housing, a shaft disposed therein with an oblique crank and a sleeve worn on it. The piston is connected to the rod using piston fingers. Washers are fixed in the piston as guides. One of the rods is connected to the sleeve motionlessly, the rest is pivotally, for example, by an axis (RU 51110 U1, 01.27.2006). This analogue is taken as the closest.

The disadvantage of this device is the presence of many precisely machined parts, as well as a solid engine block of cylinders, which contributes to an increase in the total mass of the engine and imposes restrictions on the location of additional cylinders. Additional lateral forces act on the pistons, which increase the friction between the cylinder walls and the piston, which requires additional lubrication and compaction in hard-to-reach places. The engine is relatively heavy for the power it can produce.

None of these engines have been used extensively. The lack of commercial benefits is due to the relatively high cost of production, as well as unresolved issues of maintenance and lubrication of working parts. Scaling parts for engines of large and small sizes is also problematic due to the limited space for the location of the fittings for supplying the working mixture. The limited space between the cylinders implies the use of small holes for the supply of the working mixture.

In accordance with the present invention, from one to eight axial piston cylinders are placed in the engine housing, fixed by a swivel joint at the base of each cylinder to adjust the angle of the cylinder during reciprocating movements of the pistons with piston rods fixed to them. Piston rods are pivotally mounted on the piston levers of the inclined disk making a swinging movement. To ensure alignment of the piston disks inside the cylinders, the piston rod is placed in a guide fixed in the upper part of the cylinder. The reciprocating movement of the pistons is transmitted to the inclined disk. The inclined disk has a central swing point mounted on a flexible or Z-shaped crankshaft. The crank rods are connected via a crank to the distribution valves of the working mixture located at the base of the cylinder. This arrangement of valves provides enough space to create large flow openings to facilitate the flow of the working mixture. The valves are controlled by levers connected by connecting rods. The connecting point of the connecting rod on the inclined disk is offset by 90 degrees relative to the mounting point of the drive rod of the piston associated with the cylinder. This arrangement of the valve and piston levers on the inclined disk ensures accurate synchronization of the phases of the inlet and outlet of the working mixture with valves for any piston stroke.

The rectilinear reciprocating motion of the piston is converted to uniform rotation of the main shaft with greater energy savings. The above design allows you to convert the arcuate movement of the attachment point of the inclined disk with the piston rod into the linear movement of the piston in the cylinder. An “O” -shaped O-ring is used to seal the piston inside the cylinder. Decreased contact between the piston and cylinder walls results in reduced friction and less lubrication requirements. The use of saturated steam can provide the necessary lubrication under normal operating conditions.

Summary of the invention

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of an axial piston engine with four cylinders.

In FIG. 2 shows one of the versions of the axial piston engine module in a partially disassembled form.

In FIG. 3 shows the main view of one embodiment of a rotary valve with three positions and a mounting hinge of the engine cylinder in a section with a section line 3-3.

In FIG. 4 is a side view of one embodiment of a valve sleeve in partial section with a section line 4-4.

In FIG. 5 shows one embodiment of a valve device of four engine cylinders.

In FIG. 6 is a partial view of the six-cylinder engine of the present invention, showing the relative position of the inclined drive disk with the connecting rod mounting point.

Detailed Description of Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of an axial piston engine having in its composition: a frame consisting of four legs 10a connecting two end walls 10; the walls hold four cylinders assembly 11, pivotally mounted on fixed assemblies of inlet valves 12; output crankshaft 13; an inclined disk 14 connecting the cylinder assembly to the crankshaft.

As shown in FIG. 1, 2, the cylinder assembly 11 consists of a cylinder connected to the valve assembly 12 by a hinge 28. The pipe 20 is attached to the bottom of the cylinder, made of durable material (metal or ceramic), has a hollow structure and is connected to an equally strong swivel joint 28, with the possibility of replacement. Inside the cylinder, the piston 15 is connected to the movable rod 16 and aligned with the cylinder walls using a guide assembly 18 consisting of a guide tube 18a, an arm 186 having square sides for ventilation 18c. The piston 15 has an “O” -shaped O-ring 19. The opposite end of the piston rod is movably secured by a threaded connection to the stem 16a.

In FIG. 2 shows one of the versions of the axial piston engine module in a partially disassembled form. The cylinder assembly 11 is connected by a piston rod to an inclined disk 14 that rotates the crank pin 34, secured with single bearings 34b and axially aligned with the crank 35. The bearings 34b are spaced apart from each other to provide stable support for the crank pin. The inclined disk 14 is located in the center of the structure and pivotally mounted on a flexible shaft 36, which, in turn, is attached to the frame using an anchor 37. Another embodiment of the rotary device is shown in figure 1, on which the flexible shaft 36 is replaced by a Z-shaped the crankshaft attached to the end wall 10 using the support rack 36b and swinging the inclined disk 14. The inclined disk 14 by means of levers transmits an oscillating effect on the connecting rods that control the valves. The location of the connecting rod mounting point is offset by an angle of 90 degrees relative to the piston rod mounting point. Such an arrangement of the connecting point of the connecting rod allows you to set the timing, in which the steam-water mixture accumulates and leaves the cylinder during the stroke of the piston. The rod 42 on the hinge transfers rotation to the crank of the valve shaft 32. The valve shaft 32 transfers the rotation of the connecting rod 41 to the valve stem 26.

One possible embodiment of the valve assembly of the steam-water mixture inlet is shown in FIG. 3. It consists of a valve body 12, which supplies steam-water mixture to the cylinder 11. The mixture moves from the inlet 22 to the cylinder and from the cylinder to the outlet 23 through the hole 24 and the rotary tube 20. The direction of the mixture changes by rotating the rotary rod a valve 26 having an opening 25. The direction of rotation of the engine is changed by changing the inlet and outlet openings. As shown in FIG. 3, the rotary rod 26 has three operating states: A — mixture inlet to the cylinder, B — mixture exit from the cylinder, C — closed state. The adjusting thread of the hinge 28 in the valve body 12 makes it possible to replace the rotary tube 20. The nut 29 serves as a retainer for the rotary tube 20. An “O” -shaped ring 30 serves as a seal against leakage of the working mixture. The washer 31 serves as a lining for adjusting the compression ratio of the o-ring 30. The valve shaft 32 rotates the valve stem during engine operation.

In FIG. 4 shows a valve body 12, side view. The position of the valve 26, as in FIG. 3, sets the direction of motion of the steam-water mixture. Valve shaft 32 rotates the valve stem. Locking grooves 26b are provided for retaining rings (not shown in the drawing).

In FIG. 5 shows one embodiment of a valve module for an axial piston engine with four cylinders. The number of cylinders may vary. The dimensions of the valve device can be changed to adapt to a wider type of cylinder and to adjust to certain limits of the piston stroke. The crank shaft is located radially to the connecting rod 40, which provides communication with the inclined disk. The valve shafts 32 are attached to the crank shafts, transmitting partial rotation to the valve stem 26. The sleeve 27 serves as the retainer bearings 21 for the shaft 32.

In FIG. 6 is a partial view of an axial piston engine with six cylinders; bottom view. The drawing shows the relative location of the six piston levers 17 to the six levers of the valve assembly 39. Two cylinder blocks 11 with their respective valve assemblies 12 describe their operational location, ensuring the synchronization of valves and pistons in the operating phases. Each lever of the valve assembly 39 is fixed at right angles to the piston lever, along the line D. The inlet of the cylinder is located along the line E. The position of the inlet of the cylinder 24 and the piston lever 17 relative to the line Ε determines the stroke length of the piston. Changing the piston stroke length does not affect the operation of the valve. The perpendicular arrangement of the piston levers relative to the levers of the valve assembly on the inclined disk is used for any engine design with any number of cylinders. The use of electronic switch valves is also one example of a device.

The present invention may include one to eight cylinders. Options with one, four and six cylinders were considered during the description of the device. The above description contains many features and should not be understood as the only true one, but rather, as an example for a specific instance. Various device designs are possible. For example, the cylinders can be made of glass, stainless steel, copper, ceramic, carbon fiber, aluminum or any other materials resistant to pressure, temperature, corrosion, required for a particular type of operation of the device. Also, the cylinders can be made with the application of an isomorphic diamond-like tribological coating up to 3 μm, which contributes to an increase in wear resistance with the effect of dry lubrication, which makes it possible to use not only steam, but also other gases that do not provide piston lubrication as a working mixture. Cylinder sizes can be scaled to perform various tasks. A mirror arrangement of cylinders can also be used, for example, in an engine with eight cylinders, which helps to increase engine efficiency and reduce vibration. All or several cylinders can be used as a pump, combining both an engine and a pump. Compressed air, refrigerant and other liquid conditions can be used to operate the device. The piston o-rings can be made of various materials, such as rubber, carbon fiber, PTFE or metal, depending on the mixture used and the operating temperature. The crankshaft 13 may be part of an engine or part of a separate device, such as, for example, a generator, a refrigerant pump or a water pump. The inclined disk may include various rotary devices, such as a flexible shaft or a Z-shaped crankshaft.

The introduction of this device provides an improvement in axial piston engines, creating an engine with a variable number of cylinders that are easily scalable for large and small devices; the achieved result is also the reduction of friction by eliminating the lateral forces acting on the piston due to axial movement with fewer parts; the mass of the reciprocating mechanism is reduced and the requirements for lubricants are minimized; the location of the valves makes it possible to create wider holes for the free flow of the working mixture into the cylinders; design complexity is reduced and, as a result, economic costs of production are reduced.

Claims (1)

An axial piston engine comprising a housing in which from one to eight axial piston cylinders are located, fixed by a swivel joint at the base of each cylinder to control the angle of the cylinder during reciprocating movements of the pistons with piston rods fixed to them, which are pivotally mounted on the piston levers of the inclined disk making a swinging movement, while the piston rod is placed in the guide fixed in the upper part of the cylinder, and This disk has a central swing point mounted on a flexible or Z-shaped crankshaft, and valve connecting rods are connected via a crank to the distribution mixture of the working mixture at the base of the cylinder, while the connecting point of the connecting rod on the inclined disk is offset 90 degrees from the mounting point of the piston drive rod associated with it cylinder.

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