RU2638210C2 - Composite material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: composite material is made of two layers. The first layer in the direction of movement of the cleaned liquid is a mixture containing activated carbon sorbent, agglomerates of polyacrylonitrile fibres with the size of 4-60 mm and polyolefin fibres with microparticles of activated carbon sorbent with the size of less than 50 microns deposited on them. The second layer, which prevents the removal of microparticles from the first layer, is made of fluffed polyacrylonitrile fibre.

EFFECT: providing comprehensive water treatment and its uniform softening throughout the work life.

1 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to composite materials, in particular to composite materials based on a mixture of components of granular and fibrous materials used for cleaning liquids, namely water.

It is known that water coming from water pipes is subjected to additional purification. For this, they use various types of filters: main filters, jug filters, etc., where the filter material is located, which is basically a composite material - a mixture of granular and fibrous components in various proportions.

Known composite adsorption material for filtration water purification (patent RU 2132729 C1 dated 07/07/1997), made on the basis of granular activated carbon with additional activated carbon fibers that densely fill the volume between the granules of activated carbon. Moreover, the average diameter of the granules of activated carbon is an order of magnitude larger than the average diameter of the activated carbon fibers, and the diameter of the smallest granules of activated carbon exceeds the diameter of the largest activated carbon fibers by at least two times. In the claimed technical solution, the dust fractions of the granular component are not fixed and as water flows through the filter element, an undesirable compaction of the composite material may occur, leading to an increase in the filtration time and a decrease in the filtration rate of the element, as well as a violation of the structure of the composite material due to weak water transfer fixed granular particles, including powder ones, including their agglomeration, which, ultimately, will reduce the effect vnosti cleaning fluid for the claimed life of the filter element. In addition, complex cleaning is not carried out due to the fact that in this material for filtering water treatment there is no ion-exchange material.

Composite material is also known (patent for invention RU 2218984 C1 of April 29, 2002), in which a layer-by-layer filling is carried out, consisting of a layer of activated carbon, in front of which, in the direction of purified water, is a layer made of a granular mixture of calcium and magnesium carbonates coated with porous film of oxides of magnesium, calcium and ferrous iron. Moreover, in one embodiment, an additional layer of ion-exchange resin located between the activated carbon layer and the granular mixture layer is located in the composite material. In other embodiments, the composite material comprises activated carbon impregnated with silver as activated carbon. In the claimed technical solution, a comprehensive cleaning is not effective enough, since the removal of impurities occurs in the area of the bottom filtration material.

Composite material is also known (patent application RU 2009148567, IPC B01J 20/20, B01J 20/28, B01D 39/02, publ. 06/27/2011) for filtering liquid purification based on a mixture of components of granular and fibrous materials. The material contains volume zones with adjustable density, forming a material structure that self-hardens as the fluid flows during the filtration process, while volume zones make up the bulk of the material, each zone is made as a section of interwoven fibers, the sections themselves are interconnected by separate fibers, and the space inside sections and between sections of interwoven fibers filled with granular material. This composite material does not achieve complete comprehensive cleaning and uniform softening of the filtered liquid due to the fact that the space inside the sections and between the sections of interwoven fibers is filled only with granular material.

Known composite regenerated adsorption carbon material (patent for invention RU 2171139, IPC B01J 20/20, B01J 20/34, publ. 07.27.2001), which can be used for cleaning liquid and gas environments. In one embodiment, this composite regenerated adsorbed carbon material for sorption purification of media consists of a porous matrix of activated carbon particles, where a porous matrix, including as one of the components of a particle with one of the linear dimensions of not more than 30 μm, has a specific volumetric conductivity 1 -100 (Ohm * m) -1. In another embodiment, this composite regenerated adsorption carbon material for sorption purification of media consists of a porous matrix of activated carbon particles, where it additionally contains electrically conductive particles, and the porous matrix has a specific volumetric conductivity of 1-100 (Ohm * m) -1. This composite material has low efficiency and uniformity of complex cleaning of the filtered fluid.

Known composite material (patent for the invention RU 2429067 C1 from 12.25.2009), made on the basis of granular and fibrous material. The latter contains volume zones with adjustable density, which form its structure, self-hardening as the fluid flows during the filtration process. Volumetric zones themselves are sections of interwoven fibers interconnected by individual fibers, and the space inside the sections and between sections of interwoven fibers is filled with granular material. Moreover, the size of most of the sections of interwoven fibers is larger than the average length of an individual fiber. As the fibrous material in the invention, polymer fibers are used. In the claimed technical solution due to self-hardening during operation, an increase in hydraulic resistance occurs, which significantly reduces the resource of the product and, accordingly, the quality of the integrated cleaning of the filtered fluid.

Known composite material is selected as a prototype, since it contains the largest number of essential features that match the essential features of the claimed technical solution.

The task is to create a new composite material with the achievement of the following technical result: uniform comprehensive cleaning of the filtered fluid, namely water, throughout the life of the work.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the composite material is made of two layers, the first layer in the direction of movement of the liquid being cleaned is a mixture containing an activated carbon sorbent, agglomerates of polyacrylonitrile fibers of 4-60 mm in size and polyolefin fibers coated with activated microparticles carbon sorbent with a size of less than 50 microns, and the second layer, preventing the removal of microparticles from the first layer, is made of fluffy polyacrylonitrile fiber.

For a more complete disclosure of the essence of the claimed technical solution in FIG. The composition of the backfill of the universal 10SL Ag + cartridge with silver is shown.

Where

pos. 1 is the upper (second) layer, which is a fluffy polyacrylonitrile fiber, which prevents the removal of microparticles from the first layer,

pos. 2 - the first layer in the direction of movement of the cleaned liquid is a mixture containing

pos. 3 - activated carbon sorbent, agglomerates of polyacrylonitrile fibers with a size of 4-60 mm,

pos. 4 - polyolefin fibers coated with microparticles of activated carbon sorbent with a size of less than 50 microns.

The inventive composite material for filtering liquid purification is made on the basis of a mixture of components of granular and fibrous materials. The material is filled in two layers, where the upper layer (second) is made of fluffy polyacrylonitrile fiber and prevents the removal of microparticles of the lower layer. The lower layer (first) is a mixture of activated carbon sorbent, agglomerates of polyacrylonitrile fibers of 4-60 mm in size and polyolefin fibers coated with microparticles of activated carbon sorbent with a size of less than 50 microns.

Material filling is carried out as follows: activated carbon and / or activated carbon with silver are mixed with Catalon and FiberDast fiber in a concrete mixer with the addition of an aqueous dispersion of microdispersed carbon in a given ratio. Ready-made backfill is poured into the cartridge case of 10SL or 20 SL format, and a lining of fluffy polyacrylonitrile fiber is laid on top.

The proposed composite material is used as follows. In order to clean the liquid, this material is placed in a specially prepared cartridge, which has openings for the inlet and outlet of the liquid. Then the cartridge with the composite material is installed in the filter and the liquid that needs to be cleaned is passed through it. After the quantity of water determined by the manufacturer is passed through the installed filter, it must be replaced.

Implementation Example:

During testing, a 10SL cartridge filled with a composite material consisting, for example:

of 9 parts by mass of activated carbon, 1 part of agglomerates of fibrous ion-exchange material Catalon, and 0.03 parts of a polyolefin fibrous material coated with carbon sorbent microparticles, and containing on top of this mixture a pad of fluffy polyacrylonitrile fiber weighing 7.2% by weight of the load was installed into the housing of the corresponding standard and connected to a cold water supply system. The main characteristics of network water have the following values: pH 6.2-6.7 units. pH, color 30-58 degrees of the platinum-cobalt scale, turbidity 1.1-2.0 units of turbidity according to formazine, total iron 0.34-0.98 mg / l, permanganate oxidation 4.6-5.4 mg (O ) / l, active chlorine 1.2-1.7 mg / l. For 5000 l, the quality of purified water was stable: pH 6.3-6.5 units. pH, color 19-20 degrees of the platinum-cobalt scale, turbidity 0.3-0.5 units of turbidity according to formazine, total iron 0.17-0.20 mg / l, permanganate oxidation 1.2-1.3 mg (O ) / l, active chlorine less than 0.2 mg / l.

Thus, the technical result of the claimed invention is achieved, namely: improving the quality of uniform integrated cleaning of the filtered fluid, namely water, throughout the life of the work.

Claims (1)

Composite material for filtering liquid cleaning based on a mixture of components of granular and fibrous materials, characterized in that it is made of two layers, the first layer in the direction of movement of the liquid being cleaned is a mixture containing activated carbon sorbent, agglomerates of polyacrylonitrile fibers with a size of 4-60 mm and polyolefin fibers coated with microparticles of activated carbon sorbent with a size of less than 50 microns, and a second layer that prevents the removal of microchip ticles of the first layer is made of polyacrylonitrile fiber fluff.

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