RU2637853C1 - Universal separate rail fastening for laying vedernikova railway track structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: universal, separate rail fastening for laying railway tracks contains terminals, a pad, a back-up plate, connected by bolted connections, equipped with a baseplate. The upper surface of the baseplate has a concave M-shape with lateral shoulders and radial longitudinal grooves. The back-up plate has a convex lower surface of M-shape repeating the outline of the upper surface of the baseplate, with side shoulders and radial longitudinal grooves, which are a mirror image relative to the baseplate. Bevels are made at an angle of 45º at the edges of the upper surface of the back-up plate the entire width . The pad is M-shaped with tapering edges and located in the M-shaped gap between the baseplate and the back-up plate. The terminals are made with surfaces, one of which is made in accordance with the outline of the upper part of the rail base, and the other is at an angle of 45°. On the baseplate there is a pad, back-up plate, located successively and fastened together in pairs on both sides by bolted connections. For this purpose, coaxial cylindrical through holes are made in the back-up plate, pad and baseplate for the bolted connections. In the lower part of the baseplate, there are oval grooves in which oval shims are installed for the bolt caps. In the upper part of the back-up plate, the holes are formed with a spotfacer. Clamping of the terminals to the back-up plate is carried out by bolted connections through a spacer, for what the coaxial cylindrical through holes are made in the back-up plate, spacer and terminals.

EFFECT: reliable operation of rail fastening at high cyclic loads.

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Description

The invention relates to structures of the upper structure of a rail track subject to large transverse and vertical impact loads, and can be used in high-speed railways, in crane-metal and reinforced concrete structures, in railway tracks (including in sections of a small radius track).

State of the art

Separate fastening of a rail track of the KB type is widespread on Russian railways (see. Garant Information and Legal System version 8.00.0.072, BCH 94-77, Instructions for the construction of the railway track structure, a printout is attached). The fastening consists of terminal clamping bolts, terminals, insulating sleeves, embedded bolts, anchor washers, gaskets, rubber lining, metal lining, flat washers and two-turn spring washers. Separate fastening provides the possibility of changing rails without removing the linings, and the constancy of the gauge, but it has several disadvantages:

- rotation of the terminals while tightening the bolt, which leads to a weakening of the fastening, as well as the sliding of the terminals from the bottom of the rail during operation, as a result of which it is necessary to constantly monitor their pressing against the inside of the lining flange;

- cutting rubber gaskets on the edges of the linings and squeezing the rubber gaskets from the attachment site under the influence of cyclic loads, which leads to a decrease in electrical insulation and a decrease in the perception of dynamic loads and, as a result, to an additional weakening of the fastening, as well as premature wear of structural elements, due to how often they have to be changed in order to prevent chips from falling off the concrete sleepers and breaking the lining.

All these shortcomings lead to an increase in the cost of maintaining the path.

Inseparable fastening of the type of reinforced concrete is also known (see Information and Legal System "Garant", version 8.00.0.072, VSN 94-77, Instructions for the arrangement of the upper structure of the railway track, a printout is attached). This design has several disadvantages:

- after a short time after tightening and checking with a torque wrench, the level of tightening of bolted joints drops from 18-20 kg⋅m to 13-15 kg⋅m;

- a spring terminal breaks (usually in the place of its bending) even at the assembly stage, as a result of this, the terminal consumption during assembly reaches 6 pieces per 1 link;

- the weakest point at the ZhBR-65 bond is the under-rail lining CP-204;

A common drawback of the described upper structures of rail tracks and rail mounts is the installation exclusively on sleepers with a prepared place (lodgement) on which the rail lining is installed. In the case of mounting rail tracks not on reinforced concrete sleepers (in practice, there are often cases of mounting rails on all kinds of reinforced concrete structures and all kinds of metal structures and other structures), reliable design rail fastening is not provided.

Closest to the claimed invention adopted for the prototype is "Inseparable rail fastening for the track on a reinforced concrete foundation of the Kamyshnikov design", RF patent No. 2300598, published on 10.06.2007.

This fastener contains wedge-shaped terminals, an under-rail gasket, a double-flange lining, a shock-absorbing gasket, fixing bolts, spring washers with a ledge, a concrete sleepers base.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that the design cannot work in the modes of perturbed steady motion at high cyclic loads, this is due to the fact that:

- the design does not provide self-jamming of the terminal exclusively in the calculated position (i.e., self-jamming can occur at any time when the terminal has not yet touched the rail), and therefore, the tightening force of the bolted connection will not be transmitted to the rail sole;

- the extremely complex geometric shape of the double-lining lining and the wedge-shaped terminal extremely complicates the manufacturing technology of parts and the subsequent control of finished products, increases the complexity during installation / disassembly, and, as a result, leads to an increase in the cost of construction.

The purpose of the invention is the provision of reliable operation of rail fastening at high cyclic loads. To achieve this goal, a Universal separate rail fastener is proposed for laying the Vedernikova design path, containing terminals, a damping gasket, a lining connected by a bolt connection, characterized in that it is equipped with a base plate, the upper surface of which has a concave M-shape with side shoulders and radius longitudinal grooves, the lining has a convex lower surface of an M-shape, repeating the contour of the upper surface of the base plate, with side shoulders and for axial longitudinal grooves, made mirror-like with respect to the base plate, and bevels made at an angle of 45 ° at the edges of the upper surface of the lining along the entire width, the damping pad is M-shaped with tapering edges and is located in the M-shaped gap between the base plate and the lining, terminals made with surfaces, one of which is made in accordance with the contour of the upper part of the sole of the rail, and the other at an angle of 45 °, while the damping pad, lining, welded in pairs on both sides by bolt connections, for which coaxial through-hole cylindrical holes for bolt connections are made in the lining, in the damping gasket and the base plate, and oval grooves are made in the lower part of the base plate under the holes, in which oval gaskets are installed for the bolt caps, and in the upper part of the lining, the holes are made with a recess, the clamps of the terminals to the lining are bolted through a spacer, for which coaxial are made in the lining, spacer and terminals ilindricheskie through holes.

The technical result is as follows:

- self-jamming is excluded;

- eliminates the sliding of the terminal from the bottom of the rail and the rotation of the terminal while tightening the bolted connection;

- extrusion of the strip from the rail fastening in the longitudinal and transverse directions is completely eliminated and its cutting is completely eliminated.

The technical result is provided by the combination of all the features of the claims.

The universality of rail fastening is ensured by the fact that the base plate can be installed and secured (with bolted joints, electric rivets, welds, etc., etc.) both on reinforced concrete sleepers and without reinforced concrete sleepers (i.e. any reinforced concrete, on any metal structures and on any other structures).

During assembly, the radial longitudinal grooves in the lining and the counter-coaxial in the base plate are filled with radius rollers / spikes of the damping pad (see Fig. A-A and Fig. B-B), and thus, during operation, extrusion of the damping pad is completely eliminated from rail fastening in the longitudinal direction and its cutting; extruding the gasket in the transverse direction and cutting it eliminates the M-shaped gap with a sharp decrease under the shoulders between the lower part of the lining and the upper part of the base plate.

The geometric shape of the terminal and its contact surfaces (radial in contact with the upper surface of the rail sole, flat at an angle of 45 ° in contact with the counter surface of the lining) eliminates its self-jamming, sliding of the terminal from the rail sole and turning it while tightening the bolted joint.

The spacer and contact of the terminal with the lining on flat surfaces with an angle of 45 ° exclude the rotation of the terminal during operation; a spacer eliminates the loosening of bolt tightening during continuous operation.

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials that depict the proposed universal separate rail fastening for laying the path Vedernikova:

in FIG. 1 shows a front view,

in FIG. 2 is a top view

in FIG. 3 - section aa,

in FIG. 4 - section BB.

A universal separate rail fastener for laying the Vedernikova track contains terminals 1, lining 2, support plate 3, bolts 4, bolts 5, nuts 6, nuts 7, spring washers 8, spring washers 9, oval gaskets 10, spacers 11, damping gasket 12.

The base plate 3 has a concave upper surface of an M-shape with side shoulders and radial longitudinal grooves, the lower flat surface has two oval grooves for the caps of the bolts 4 and an oval 10 gasket installed under them. The lining 2 has a convex M-shape of the lower surface, repeating the contour of the upper surface of the base plate 3, with side shoulders and radial longitudinal grooves, made mirror-like relative to the base plate 3, at the edges of the upper two-flange surface of the lining along This width bevelled at an angle of 45 °. The damping pad 12, made M-shaped with tapering edges, is installed in the M-shaped gap between the lining 2 and the supporting plate 3. The lining 2, the supporting plate 3 and the damping gasket 12 have four coaxial through cylindrical holes with a recess located pairwise on both side of the sole of the rail Р65 (КР100) for bolt connection (bolt 4, nut 6, spring washer 8). Terminal 1, one of whose surfaces follows the contour of the upper part of the rail sole and the other at an angle of 45 °, has coaxial through cylindrical holes with spacers 11 and lining 2 on both sides of the rail sole Р65 (КР100) for bolted connections (bolt 5, nut 7 , spring washer 9), clamping the sole of the rail with terminal 1 to the lining 2 through the spacer 11.

The invention is as follows.

When assembling, a rail gasket is laid between the flanges of the lining 2 (the drawings show at the same time with the contour of the rail), on which the rail P65 (KR100) is installed, then the terminals 1 are installed on both sides of the rail, while the spacer 11 is placed under each terminal 1, the bolts are installed 5, while the caps of the bolts 5 are located in the grooves of the lining 2, and the bolt 5 is threaded through the coaxial through cylindrical holes of the lining 2, spacers 11 and terminals 1, nuts 7 are screwed onto the bolts 5, springs are installed under each nut 7 washers 9, a damping pad 12 is installed under the lower M-shaped part of the lining 2, and a supporting plate 3 is attached to the damping gasket 12 with the upper M-shaped part, bolts 4 are installed, while the bolt caps 4 are located in the oval grooves of the supporting plate 3, bolts 4 are threaded through coaxial through cylindrical holes with a casing of the base plate 3, damping gasket 12, linings 2, nuts 6 are screwed onto bolts 4, spring washers 8 are installed under each nut 6, under the bolt caps 4 in the oval grooves of the plate o ornoy 3 installed oval pads 10. The sequence of the upper assembly structure may differ from that indicated in the author's text.

Other information that the applicant considers necessary to communicate

The proposed universal separate rail fastening provides the ability to change rails without removing the lining. This design is high-tech (all parts have a simple geometric shape), the cross-sections of the parts allow the use of rolling manufacturing technology, as a result, the cost is reduced.

The use of under-rail gaskets with increased stiffness will absorb all impact loads, which eliminates the subsidence and leakage of the gasket, and the guaranteed rail clamp with rated force will remain.

The gasket material (pos. 10, 11, 12) can have its own shape, construct, tread pattern and various materials - combined, rubber-metal, polymer, etc.

The design indicates spring washers (pos. 8, 9) - it is allowed to use other devices from self-unwinding.

On the base plate 3 structural elements (holes for bolts or holes for electric rivets, or cutting edges for welding around the perimeter, etc.), necessary for its fastening on metal structures, reinforced concrete structures and other structures, are not conventionally shown.

Claims (1)

A universal separate rail fastener for laying a track, containing terminals, a damping gasket, a lining connected by bolt connections, characterized in that it is equipped with a base plate, the upper surface of which has a concave M-shape with side shoulders and radial longitudinal grooves, the lining has a convex lower bottom M-shaped surface repeating the contour of the upper surface of the base plate, with side shoulders and radial longitudinal grooves made mirror-like relative but the base plate, and at the edges of the upper surface of the lining along the entire width, bevels are made at an angle of 45 °, the damping pad is made of an M-shape with tapering edges and is located in the M-shaped gap between the base plate and the lining, the terminals are made with surfaces, one of which is made in accordance with the contour of the upper part of the sole of the rail, and the other at an angle of 45 °, while on the base plate there are sequentially a damping gasket, a lining fastened in pairs on both sides by bolted joints, for which the lining, in the damping gasket and the base plate, are made coaxial through cylindrical holes for bolt connections, and in the lower part of the base plate under the holes there are oval grooves, in which oval gaskets are installed for the bolt caps, and in the upper part of the lining the holes are made with a recess, terminal clamp to the lining is carried out by bolting through a spacer, for which coaxial cylindrical through holes are made in the lining, spacer and terminals.

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