RU2637777C1 - Device for oil-containing materials processing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: press-extruder for oil-containing materials processing consists of a loading branch pipe, a working chamber which includes two adjacent pressing cages composed of pressing bars, and an unloading unit in the form of matrix with holes. Shafts are arranged inside the working chamber in parallel to each other. Feeding screws and alternating screw-type nozzles are mounted on shafts. On outer faces of screw-type nozzles, there are steel surfacing in the form of straight line with thickness of 1-2 mm applied at the distance of 10-11 mm one relative to another. Two groups of prismatic nozzles made in the form of a prism which base is an equilateral convex triangle, are also arranged on shafts. Prismatic nozzles are displaced relative to each other by angle β with the formation of a screw channel, and the pitch of the screw helix of the screw-type nozzles form an angle ϕ. At that the smallest angle β exceeds the largest angle ϕ by 1.5 to 1.9 times.

EFFECT: degree of compression and grinding of the oil-containing material to be pressed is increased, pressure in the working chamber reduces and metal fatigue reduces during of oil-containing materials processing.

3 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in the oil industry for the processing of oil-containing materials.

An analogue of the invention is a press extruder (patent RU 2491171, published August 27, 2013). The extruder comprises a cylinder with a loading hole, a screw with blades placed in the cylinder, and an output matrix with a die. At least one compression shutter is rigidly fixed to the screw. The shutter has a stepped shape with ribs to ensure separation of the material moved to the compression shutter into separate streams and increase the area of its contact with the shutter. This extruder is designed to extrude a raw material consisting of several components, but is not suitable for the processing of oil-containing materials in order to obtain oil. This is due to the lack of a grain cylinder in its design, which is drawn from the grain bars, into the holes between which oil flows.

The prototype of the invention is a device for processing oilseeds (patent RU 2048510, published November 20, 1995), which consists of a loading pipe, a working chamber, including two adjacent grain cylinders, and a discharge unit in the form of a matrix. Inside the working chamber, two shafts are placed parallel to each other, on which feed worms, alternating worm nozzles and groups of prismatic nozzles are installed. The number of worm nozzles and groups of prismatic nozzles is determined by the technical and economic indicators of a particular device and ranges from 2-5. Worm nozzles and groups of prismatic nozzles are mounted on shafts with the possibility of constant contact of the respective nozzles with each other, prismatic nozzles are made in the form of a prism, the base of which is an equilateral convex triangle. The prismatic nozzles in each group are shifted relative to each other by an angle of elevation β with the formation of a helical channel, and the elevation of the helical line of the worm nozzles form an angle ϕ. In this case, the smallest angle of elevation of the helix of the channel formed by the group of prismatic nozzles β exceeds the largest angle of elevation of the helix of the channel of the worm nozzles ϕ by at least 2 times.

This device is focused on the processing of homogeneous oil-containing material, which limits its use in the processing of oil-containing materials from heterogeneous waste obtained in the production of vegetable oils. Such heterogeneous oil-containing materials may include seed treatment waste, oil filtration waste, oil bleaching waste in various combinations with each other and in combination with oilseed meal.

As a result, the disadvantage of this device in the processing of heterogeneous waste products for the production of vegetable oils is a decrease in the performance of the device for oil due to the low degree of grinding and insufficient pressure on the pressed material. Another disadvantage of this device is the reduced time interval between scheduled maintenance due to fatigue failure of the metal due to pressure drops in the working chamber.

The objective of the invention is to increase the productivity of the device for the release of oil, increasing the time interval between scheduled maintenance.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the degree of compression and grinding of the pressed oil-containing material, reducing pressure drops in the working chamber and reducing metal fatigue during the processing of oil-containing materials.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for processing oil-containing materials contains a loading nozzle, a working chamber comprising two adjacent grain cylinders composed of grain bars, inside of which two shafts are placed parallel to each other with feeding worms mounted on them, alternating worm nozzles and groups of prismatic nozzles, the unloading unit in the form of a matrix with holes, while on the outer edges of the worm nozzles at a distance of 10-11 mm relative to each other, steel surfaced in the form of a straight line 1-2 mm thick, and the groups of prismatic and worm nozzles are made so that the smallest angle of elevation of the helical line of the channel formed by the group of prismatic nozzles exceeds the largest angle of elevation of the helical line of the channel formed by the worm nozzles by 1.5 -1.9 times.

An increase in the degree of compression of the pressed oil-containing material, and consequently an increase in pressure in the working chamber, is a consequence of a decrease in the gap between the worm nozzles and grain cylinders due to protruding steel deposits, and an increase in the degree of grinding is a result of an increase in the area of contact of the material with the worm nozzles with steel deposits. The decrease in pressure drops in the working chamber and the reduction of metal fatigue during the processing of oil-containing material is a consequence of the fact that the smallest angle of elevation of the helical lines of the channel formed by the group of prismatic nozzles exceeds the largest angle of elevation of the helical line of the channel of the worm nozzles by 1.5-1.9 times . If the smallest angle of elevation of the helix of the channel formed by the group of prismatic nozzles exceeds the largest angle of elevation of the helix of the channel of the worm nozzles by less than 1.5 times, the compression ratio of the oil-containing material is significantly reduced, which negatively affects the performance of the device by oil. If the smallest angle of elevation of the helix of the channel formed by the group of prismatic nozzles exceeds the largest angle of elevation of the helix of the channel of worm nozzles by more than 1.9 times, then the pressure drops in the working chamber increase significantly, which reduces the interval between scheduled preventive repairs of the device.

In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the device for processing oil-containing materials. It consists of a loading pipe 4, a working chamber 1, including two adjacent zeal cylinders 2 and 3, recruited from the zeal rails 15, and a discharge unit in the form of a matrix with holes 5. Shafts 6 and 7 are placed parallel to each other inside the working chamber 1, which are equipped with feeding worms 8, alternating worm nozzles 9, 10, 11 and groups of prismatic nozzles 12 and 13, made in the form of a prism, the base of which is an equilateral convex triangle. On the outer faces of the worm nozzles at a distance of 10-11 mm from each other, steel surfacing 14 is applied in the form of a straight line 1-2 mm thick.

The prismatic nozzles 12, 13 are displaced relative to each other by an angle β to form a helical channel, and the rise of the helical line of the worm nozzles 9, 10, 11 form an angle ϕ. In this case, the smallest angle β exceeds the largest angle ϕ by 1.5-1.9 times.

A device for processing oil-containing materials works as follows.

After the rotation of the shafts 6 and 7, placed parallel to each other in the working chamber 1, the oil-containing material is fed through the loading pipe 4 into the working chamber 1, where it is picked up by the feeding worms 8 and sent to adjacent grain cylinders 2 and 3, in which the material enters on the worm nozzle 9 and moves to the side of the group of prismatic nozzles 12. Steel surfacing 14 applied to the worm nozzle 9 increases the contact area of the material with the worm nozzle 9, thereby increasing the compression ratio of the material. With a decrease in the elevation angle ϕ of the screw nozzle 9, the pressure on the pressed material increases sharply, and the oil contained in the material begins to be squeezed out and flow out between the grain strips 15, which make up the grain cylinders 2 and 3. After passing through the screw nozzle 9, the oil material falls into the prismatic group nozzles made up of nozzles 12. At this stage, the pressure on the material decreases and the oil is reduced, but the material is crushed and its permeability increases. Then the material enters the worm nozzle 10 with steel cladding 14 deposited on it and a smaller distance between the turns of the worm nozzles (a smaller pitch of turns) compared to the worm nozzle 9, the pressure and the degree of squeezing the oil on the material continue to increase. After the material passes through the worm nozzle 10, it falls into the group of prismatic nozzles 13, where the material is still crushed. Then the material is transported to the alternating worm nozzle 11 with the same steel weldings as on the previous worm nozzle, but with an even smaller step of turns, where the final extraction of the oil takes place and the pressure on the material gradually begins to decrease. After passing through the working chamber, defatted material (cake) is discharged through a matrix with holes 5.

The curves of changes in pressure and oil extraction in the prototype and the claimed device are shown in FIG. 2. Under the number I shows the distribution curve of the extraction of oil in the prototype, and I '- the distribution curve of the extraction of oil in the inventive device. Under number II shows the pressure distribution curve in the working chamber of the prototype, and curve II '- the pressure distribution in the working chamber of the inventive device. From a comparison of the presented curves it follows that in the inventive device, the pressure in the working chamber is higher, and the pressure drops are less. At the same time, the oil extraction, therefore, the oil performance, is higher in the inventive device.

On the claimed and known device was carried out experimental processing of waste cleaning seeds of sunflower. The performance of the known and the claimed device in the processing of waste products for cleaning sunflower seeds are shown in table 1.

From the table it follows that the inventive device in the processing of oily waste can increase the maximum pressure in the working chamber and the performance of the device by oil. In the inventive device, the interval between scheduled maintenance is longer.

Claims (1)

A device for processing oil-containing materials, containing a loading nozzle, a working chamber, including two adjacent grain cylinders composed of grain bars, inside of which two shafts with feeding worms mounted on them, alternating worm nozzles and groups of prismatic nozzles mounted on them, a discharge unit in in the form of a matrix with holes, characterized in that on the outer edges of the worm nozzles at a distance of 10-11 mm relative to each other, steel weldings are applied in the form of a straight thickness of 1-2 mm, and the groups of prismatic and worm nozzles are made so that the smallest angle of elevation of the helix of the channel formed by the group of prismatic nozzles exceeds the largest angle of elevation of the helix of the channel formed by the worm nozzles by 1.5-1.9 times .

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