RU2634985C1 - Steam water tube boiler with natural circulation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating system.

SUBSTANCE: steam water tube boiler with natural circulation consists of a main supply unit of boiler (MSUB) (1), a horizontal prismatic furnace (PT) (2) and a block water economizer (BVE) (3). MSUB consists of upper part (1.1) and the lower (1.2) drums connected to each other at the ends by vertical unheated downpipes (1.3), convective gas flue (1.4) with boiler bundles of pipes (1.5) and (1.6), convective superheater packs (1.7) and additionally includes enclosing all-welded tubular screens (2.1). The outer contour of the MSUB (1) is shaped to be as close as possible to the configuration of transportable space for placing the unit on the platform in an inclined position at an angle of 20-30° in relation to his working position. Axis of the upper drum (1.1) is located in bisector area of one of the upper obtuse corners of transportable space. The PT (2) is made autonomous, and its enclosing walls are made in the form of lateral all-welded tubular screens (2.1) with the possibility of connecting screens with drums (1.1) and (1.2) supplying (2.5) and diverting (2.6) pipes. In the cross section, the shape of PT (2) outer contour is approximated to the configuration of transportable space when the furnace is placed on the platform in a position at an angle of 90° to its working position. The output section of convective gas flue (1.4) is clogged with the possibility of placing completely or partially BVE (3) in the space released from the outside of the boiler.

EFFECT: increase in the unit's boiler output due to an increase in boiler's space and separation of the MUB into two large supply units for transportation.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a power system, namely, steam boilers with natural circulation, designed to generate saturated or superheated steam used for energy, technological, economic and domestic needs of industrial and agricultural enterprises.

Known steam boiler with a horizontal gas flow in a gas tight (membrane) design, consisting of the main unit of the boiler (OBK), which includes two drums connected to each other at the ends of the downpipes, a furnace and a convective gas duct with boiler bundles located in it, convective packages a superheater for generating superheated steam and a freestanding water economizer (VE). The boiler is made in one transportable unit (patent RU No. 2096680 C1, IPC F22B 21/08, dated February 13, 1995, publ. November 20, 1997).

However, the performance of the known boiler is calculated from 10 to 40 t / h. With an increase in productivity above 40 t / h, the optimal dimensions of the boiler significantly increase, which can lead to the inability to transport it due to exceeding the dimensions of the rolling stock of railways, as The construction of the OBK is made by one transportable unit and the separation of the OBK into separate blocks for transportation is not provided.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a BEM steam tube boiler with natural circulation, with a horizontal gas flow, in a gas-tight (membrane) design, consisting of an OBK, including an upper and lower drum, connected to each other by lowering ends pipes, a furnace and a convective gas duct with boiler tube bundles located in it and convective superheater packages (Catalog “Steam and hot water boilers for small-scale energy, Belenergomash OJSC, 2000, p. 13).

However, the possibilities of known boilers for the production of steam are limited. These boilers are intended only for the production of steam from 10 to 40 t / h. The maximum transportation capacity of OBK does not allow the creation of BEM-type boilers with a nominal steam capacity above 40 t / h, since as the nominal steam capacity increases, there is a need to increase the dimensions of the boilers exceeding the dimensions of the rolling stock of railways, which is a consequence of compliance with requirements, recommendations and restrictions on organization of internal boiler processes. The boiler consists of one OBK, which makes it difficult to ship the boiler by rail; the boiler is not divided into two large supply units for transportation.

The technical problem solved by this invention is to increase the unit productivity (power) of the boiler by increasing the dimensions of the boiler and dividing the OBK into two large supply units for transportation.

The technical problem is achieved by the fact that in a steam water tube boiler with natural circulation, consisting of the main supply unit of the boiler, a horizontal prismatic furnace and the water economizer unit, the main supply unit of the boiler includes upper and lower drums connected to each other by vertical unheated ends lowering pipes, convective gas duct with boiler tube bundles located therein and convective superheater packages, according to the invention, additionally mainly the boiler’s delivery unit includes enclosing all-welded tubular screens, the outer contour of the boiler’s main supply unit is given a shape as close as possible to the transportable configuration for placing the unit on the platform in an inclined position at an angle of 20-30 ° with respect to its working position, and the axis of the upper drum placed in the bisector of one of the upper obtuse corners of a transportable dimension, the prismatic firebox is autonomous, and its enclosing walls are made in the form of lateral solid welded tubular screens with the ability to connect screens with drums inlet and outlet pipes, while in cross section the shape of the outer contour of the prismatic furnace is close to the configuration of the transportable dimension when the furnace is placed on the platform in a position at an angle of 90 ° to its operating position, the outlet section of the convection duct OPBK narrowed with the possibility of placement in the space freed up outside the boiler of a fully or partially block water economizer.

The additional placement of enclosing all-welded tubular screens in the OPBK allows to reduce the volume of installation operations during the final re-assembly of the OBK at the installation site.

Giving the external contour of the OPBK the shape that is as close as possible to the configuration of the transportable dimension when placing the unit on the platform in an inclined position at an angle of 20-30 ° relative to its working position, provides a large-block supply of OBK with a capacity of more than 40 t / h by manufacturing it from two large transportable units, and also allows you to optimally use a specific transportable dimension when supplying a boiler boiler, make it completely autonomous, connect it to the drums only leading and leading mi tubes, and the outer contour OPBK (side shields) - in a shape approximating to the maximum dimension of the configuration OPBK when placed on a platform in a tilted position with respect to its operative position.

Placing the axis of the upper drum in the bisector of one of the upper obtuse corners of the transportable dimension makes it possible to maximize the center distance for the boiler drums and thereby increase the dimensions of the boiler to increase the unit productivity (power) of the boiler.

The boiler is supplied with an additionally autonomous horizontal PT, the enclosing walls of which are made in the form of side all-welded tubular screens with the possibility of connecting with the drums inlet and outlet pipes, while in cross-section the configuration of the outer contour of the PT is close to the configuration of the transportable dimension when the firebox is placed on the platform at an angle 90 ° to its working position, allows you to create a furnace for the boiler with the maximum possible cross section for the possibility of increasing the manufacturer Nost of the boiler to ensure its supply of large-block.

The narrowing of the outlet section of the convective gas duct makes it possible to place in the space freed up outside the boiler a fully or partially water economizer unit and thereby reduce the cell width in the boiler room intended for installation of the boiler assembly.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

in FIG. 1 shows a steam tube boiler with natural circulation assembly, general view;

in FIG. 2 shows the main unit of the boiler (OBK) in the working position after assembly, a longitudinal section;

in FIG. 3 shows the main unit of the boiler (OBK) in the working position after assembly, cross section;

in FIG. Figure 4 shows the main boiler supply unit (OPBK) mounted on the platform in an inclined position at an angle of 20-30 ° relative to its working position, while the axis of the upper drum is located in the bisector of one of the upper obtuse corners of the transportable dimension;

in FIG. Figure 5 shows a horizontal prismatic firebox (PT), in cross-section the external contour of the PT is given a configuration that is as close as possible to the dimension configuration when the firebox is placed on the platform in a position at an angle of 90 ° to its working position.

The natural circulation steam tube boiler includes:

1 - the main supply unit of the boiler (OPBK), which includes:

1.1 - the upper drum;

1.2 - the lower drum;

1.3 - lowering pipes;

1.4 - convective gas duct;

1.5 and 1.6 - boiler tube bundles;

1.7 - convective superheater;

1.8 - all-welded (membrane) tubular screens

2 - horizontal prismatic firebox (PT), which includes:

2.1 - lateral all-welded (membrane) tubular screen;

2.2 - frontal all-welded (membrane) tubular screen;

2.3 - rear all-welded (membrane) tubular screen;

2.4 - dividing all-welded (membrane) tubular screen;

2.5 - festoon or window;

2.6 and 2.7 - inlet and outlet pipes

2.8 - burner device;

3 - block water economizer (BVE);

4 - portal;

5 - flue;

6 - supports.

A steam water tube boiler with natural circulation with a horizontal gas flow in a gas tight (membrane) design consists of the main unit of the OBK and BVE boiler (Fig. 1, 2). In order to ensure large-block supply of boilers with a capacity of more than 40 t / h, OBK are made of two large transportable units: OPBK 1 and PT 2 (Fig. 3, 4, 5). OPBK 1 includes upper 1.1 and lower 1.2 drums. Drums 1.1 and 1.2 are connected at the ends by vertical unheated lowering pipes 1.3 and convective gas duct 1.4 with boiler bundles 1.5 and 1.6 located in it and, if the boiler is used to generate superheated steam, then bundles or screens of convective superheater 1.7, as well as all-welded enclosures (membrane) tubular screens 1.8. The outer contour of OPBK 1 (lateral all-welded (membrane) tubular screen 2.1) is given a shape that is as close as possible to the configuration of this transportable dimension when placing OPBK 1 on the platform in an inclined position at an angle of 20-30 ° with respect to its working position so that the axis the upper drum 1.1 is located in the bisector of one of the upper obtuse corners of the transportable dimension (Fig. 4). PT 2 contains: lateral all-welded tubular (membrane) screen 2.1, frontal all-welded (membrane) tubular screen 2.2, rear all-welded (membrane) tubular screen 2.3, dividing all-welded (membrane) tubular screen 2.4. A festoon or window 2.5 is made in the rear part of the separating all-welded (membrane) tube screen 2.4 PT 2 adjacent to the convective gas duct 1.4 for penetration of combustion products from the furnace into the convective gas duct 1.4 OPBK 1 parallel to PT 2. In order to optimally use a certain transportable size for delivery the PT 2 boiler is fully autonomous, connected to the drums only with supply 2.6 and discharge pipes 2.7, and in cross section, the external circuit of PT 2 is configured to maximize flax approximating the configuration of the envelope when placing the TP 2 along the platform in position at an angle of preferably 90 ° to its working position so that the middle portion of the separating welded (membrane) of the tubular screen 2.4 is placed on the vehicle platform (FIG. 5). On the frontal all-welded (membrane) tube screen 2.2, a burner device 2.8 is installed. On the installation site, after delivery and unloading, OPBK 1 and PT 2 are brought into working position and connected to each other by welding as a whole - OBK and installed on supports 6. Moreover, all the lower sections of all-welded (membrane) tubular screens 1.8 OBK in the working position is positioned in space at angles of 15-20 ° to the horizontal, which prevents the stratification of the steam-water mixture during the operation of the boiler and ensures its full drainability after stopping (Fig. 3). The gas path of the boiler ends in BVE 3, which is installed on the portal 4 after the OBK, and connected to it using the gas duct 5. The section of the convective gas duct 1.4 is narrowed by about 2 times, which will increase the heat exchange efficiency, and the local niche formed outside the convective gas duct 1.4 can be useful for full or partial placement of BVE 3, which can significantly reduce the width of the boiler in plan when it is placed in the boiler building.

Steam water tube boiler operates as follows.

The upper 1.1 and lower 1.2 drums are connected at the ends by vertical lowering pipes 1.3, and convection duct 1.4 with the boiler bundles 1.5 and 1.6 located in it, convective superheater packages 1.7. PT 2 consists of a side all-welded (membrane) tubular screen 2.1, a front all-welded (membrane) tubular screen 2.2, a rear all-welded (membrane) tubular screen 2.3 and a dividing all-welded (membrane) tubular screen 2.4. A burner device 2.8 is installed on the front all-welded (membrane) end shield 2.2, and a festoon or window 2.5 for penetration of combustion products into the convective gas duct 1.4 OPBK 1 is installed at the rear of the separating all-welded (membrane) tubular screen 2.4 PT 2 adjacent to the convective gas duct 1.4. 5 are placed parallel to the PT 2. In order to optimally use a certain transportable size when delivering the boiler, the prismatic furnace PT 2 is fully autonomous and connected to the drum s and 1.1 1.2 2.6 Inlet and outlet pipes 2.7. The outer contour of OPBK 1 is welded to an all-welded (membrane) tubular screen 1.8 in a form that is as close as possible to the configuration of this dimension when placing OPBK 1 on a platform in an inclined position at an angle of 20-30 ° with respect to its working position (Fig. 3). For the same purpose, the PT 2 in cross section give the configuration as close as possible to the configuration of this dimension when placing it on the platform in a position at an angle of about 90 ° to its working position (Fig. 5). OPBK 1 and PT 2 are connected to each other by welding as a whole - the main unit of the boiler OBK (Fig. 3). At the same time, the all-welded (membrane) tubular screen 1.8 OBK in the working position is placed in space at angles of more than 20 ° to the horizon, which prevents the stratification of the steam-water mixture during the operation of the boiler and ensures its full drainability. The gas path of the boiler ends in BVE 3, which is installed at the installation after the OBK. In the convective gas duct 1.4 OBK, the combustion products coming from the PT 2 are intensively cooled (from temperatures of the order of 1100 ° С to 400 ° С and lower), which leads to a decrease in the rates of flue gases by almost half. Following this, the heat transfer efficiency decreases at the outlet section of the convective gas duct 1.4. The convective gas duct section 1.4 is narrowed by about 2 times, which will increase the heat transfer efficiency, and the local niche formed outside the convective gas duct 1.4 can be useful for fully or partially placing BVE 3 to reduce the boiler width in plan when it is placed in the boiler house and side BVE 3. Combustion products from ПТ 2 pass into the convective gas duct 1.4, wash the boiler bundles of pipes 1.5, 1.6 and the coils of the convective superheater 1.7, if the boiler is designed to generate overheating about steam, and through a convective gas duct 1.4 is directed to BVE 3, located in a niche formed by narrowing on an all-welded (membrane) tubular screen 1.8 of the convective gas duct 1.4. Feed water through the power unit enters the BVE 3, from the BVE 3 into the upper drum 1.1, and from there through the downpipes 1.3, the boiler water enters the lower drum 1.2, and through the evaporating surfaces the steam-water mixture enters the upper drum 1.1, where the steam is separated, and if necessary, in the superheater 1.7 it is brought to the required parameters.

Claims (1)

A steam circulation tube boiler with natural circulation, consisting of the main supply unit of the boiler, a horizontal prismatic furnace and a water economizer unit, while the main supply unit of the boiler includes upper and lower drums connected to each other at the ends by vertical unheated lowering pipes, a convection duct with located it contains boiler tube bundles and convective superheater packages, characterized in that, in addition to the main supply unit of the boiler, e all-welded tubular screens, the outer contour of the main supply unit is given a shape that is as close as possible to the configuration of the transportable dimension for placing the unit on the platform in an inclined position at an angle of 20-30 ° with respect to its working position, the axis of the upper drum being placed in the bisector of one of upper obtuse corners of a transportable dimension, the prismatic firebox is autonomous, and its enclosing walls are made in the form of side all-welded tubular screens with the possibility of connecting the screens with drums inlet and outlet pipes, while in cross-section the shape of the outer contour of the prismatic furnace is close to the configuration of the transportable dimension when the furnace is placed on the platform at a 90 ° angle to its working position, the outlet section of the convective gas duct of the main boiler unit is narrowed with the possibility placement in the space freed up outside the boiler of a fully or partially block water economizer.

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