RU2634903C1 - Germination stimulator of coniferous plant seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: germination stimulator of coniferous plant seeds is represented by 10 or 25 %-concentration water-oil products obtained by distilling with water vapour from leaves of Korean birch (Betula costata Trautv.), Siberian silver birch (Betula platyphylla Sukacz.) and Daurian birch (Betula davurica Pall.). Soaking the seeds before sowing is preferably carried out for 3 or 6 hours with the water-oil products.

EFFECT: invention allows to increase the percentage of germination, energy and length of seedlings, to reduce the number of germination days and susceptibility of seeds to fungal mould, and to expand the range of effective cheap and affordable stimulants.

2 cl, 6 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the forest industry, in particular to the germination of seeds of conifers to create forest crops. Known compositions that stimulate plant growth based on peat, water-soluble components and water [1]. The disadvantage of this stimulant is the introduction of chemical compounds, which is associated with economic costs.

It is known to use magnetic and degassed water as a plant growth stimulator [2-3]. The disadvantage of these stimulants is low efficiency, poor reproducibility, the difficulty of obtaining and storage. It is known to use snow water as a plant growth stimulator [4]. The disadvantage of this stimulant is the seasonal limitations of its use.

The purpose of the invention: accelerating seed germination, increasing germination energy and length (height) of seedlings, reducing the duration of seed germination by days and reducing the number of seeds affected by fungal mold, expanding the range of effective, cheap and affordable stimulants of seed germination of conifers.

This goal is achieved by the fact that, as a stimulator of seed coniferous plant germination, new water-oil products from woody greens of the three main species of birch trees grown in natural plantations in the Far East, first obtained by the authors, are used: planar birch (Betula platyphylla Sukacz.), Ribbed birch (Betula costata Trautv.), Daurian birch (Betula davurica Pall.). Water-oil products were obtained by steam distillation from woody green birch trees in a large laboratory setup, in a metal version made of stainless steel.

In the Far East, birch plantations are in second place after larch trees. The area of birch plantations is 13688 thousand ha. Currently, clear cuttings are being carried out in birch forests, as well as sanitary and selective cuttings, after which logging residues remain in the cutting areas in the form of knots, wood chips, and green wood. Tentatively, waste from felling is 550 thousand m ³ , that is, cheap plant material for the organization of industrial production of valuable biologically active water-oil products is enough. We used woody greens in accordance with GOST 21769-84.

Characteristics of water-oil products. Water-oil birch products are transparent liquids, colorless or faint yellow with a pleasant characteristic aroma. The content of essential oil is 1.0-1.5%; density ranges from 0.990 to 1.028 g / cm ³ ; refractive index - from 1.3328 to 1.3350; pH value is from 4.8 to 5.2. Water-oil products contain a large number of macro- and microelements that are necessary for the life of plants: aluminum, barium, iron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper, phosphorus.

Experimental studies were carried out in laboratory conditions at the Federal Budget Institution “Far East Scientific Research Institute of Forestry” (FBI “DalNIIILKh”) using 3 types of water-oil products: from woody green birch, flat-leafed, ribbed and Daurian. For germination, seeds of the first class of quality were used: Ayan spruce (Picea ajanensis (Lindl. Et Gord.) Fisch. Ex Carr.) And Daurian larch (Gmelin) (Larix dahurica Turcz. Et Trautv. (L. gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.) Harvesting was carried out in the Khekhtsir forestry of the Khabarovsk Territory Seed germination was carried out in Petri dishes in 5-fold replications of 50 seeds at a temperature of 20 ° C and natural light.

The constant parameters were: the concentration of the oil-water product (10 and 25%) and the exposure time (30 min, 3 and 6 hours). As examples in this description, experiments are carried out with a water-oil product obtained from the woody green ribbed birch. In experiments with products from flat birch and Daurian birch, a positive effect on seed germination was revealed, although slightly less than ribbed birch.

Examples of experiments.

1. Prepared solutions of water-oil products for soaking coniferous seeds as follows: 0.9 liter of water and 0.1 liter of concentrated birch product were taken per liter of solution (10% solution of an oil-water product). 0.25 l of a birch product (25% solution of an oil-water product) was taken per 0.75 l of water. The seeds of Ajanska spruce in the amount of 50 pieces were placed in Petri dishes, soaked in a 10% solution and kept for 30 minutes, 3 and 6 hours. Similar experiments with seeds of spruce Ayansky were carried out in a 25% solution.

2. Seeds of Daurian larch (Gmelin) in an amount of 50 pieces were placed in Petri dishes, soaked in 10% solution and kept for 30 minutes, 3 and 6 hours. Similar experiments with Daurian larch seeds (Gmelin) were carried out in a 25% solution.

The results of experimental studies are presented in tables 1-5, which reflect the effect of water-oil products on the germination of seeds of spruce Ayansky and Daurian larch (Gmelina).

From the data of tables 1 and 2 it is seen that during seed treatment of Ayansky spruce, the germination time (in days) is reduced by 4 days, in Daurian larch (Gmelin) - by 3 days when soaked in 25% solution for 6 hours.

As for the percent germination, it can be seen from the experiments that the percentage of germination for seeds of spruce Ayansky when processed in a 25% solution for 30 min increases by 15%; and for Daurian larch (Gmelin), when processing a 10% solution for 3 hours, 16%.

From table 3 it follows that, when the seeds of spruce ayanskaya are soaked in 10% solution for 3 hours, the germination energy increases by 8%; upon soaking the seeds of Daurian larch (Gmelin) in a 25% solution for 6 hours, the germination energy increases by 11%.

From table 4 it is seen that when the seeds of spruce Ayanska were soaked in 10% solution for 30 minutes, the length of the seedlings increased by 1 cm; when the seeds of Daurian larch (Gmelin) are soaked in a 25% solution for 3 hours, the length of the seedlings is 3 cm.

From table 5 it can be concluded that when the seeds of spruce Ayanska are soaked in 10 and 25% concentrations for 6 hours, the number of seeds affected by fungal mold decreases by 50%; when soaking the seeds of Daurian larch (Gmelin) in a 25% solution for 6 hours, the number of seeds affected by fungal mold is 50%.

When soaking the seeds of Ayan spruce and Daurian larch (Gmelin) with solutions of water-oil products obtained from the woody green ribbed birch, the following was revealed:

- The duration of seed germination over 6 hours decreased by 3-4 days.

- Seed germination increased by 15-16%.

- The energy of seed germination increased by 8-11%.

- The length of seedlings increased by 1-3 cm.

- The susceptibility of seeds to fungus mold is reduced by 50%.

The experimental data were processed by the method of mathematical statistics using the software package "Statistica" are presented in table 6.

From the data of table 6 it is seen that the accuracy indicators for all experiments do not exceed 2%.

Literature

1. USSR copyright certificate No. 715076, class A01M 5/08.

2. Abstracts "The effect of water treated with a magnetic field on biological objects." - M., 1966. - p. 25.

3. USSR author's certificate No. 572253, cl. A01N 5/00.

4. Agriculture and animal husbandry of Moldova, No. 11, 1962. - p. 42.

Claims (2)

1. The stimulator of seed germination of coniferous plants, characterized in that to increase the percentage of germination, energy and length of seedlings, to reduce the days of germination of seeds and the susceptibility of seeds to mushroom mold, as well as expanding the range of effective cheap and affordable stimulants, use oil or water products of 10 or 25% concentration, obtained by steam distillation from woody green ribbed birch (Betula costata Trautv.), flat birch (Betula platyphylla Sukacz.) and Daurian birch (Betula davurica Pall.). 2. The growth stimulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the soaking of the seeds before sowing is carried out for 3 or 6 hours with water-oil products according to claim 1, obtained from the green woods of ribbed birch, Daurian birch and flat-leaved birch.