RU2633777C2 - Method of cadmium and cobalt content optimisation in winter wheat grain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for cadmium and cobalt content optimisation in winter wheat straw includes growing winter wheat on green manure fallow. Wherein red clover is buried in the flowering phase and ploughed in 30 days, the winter wheat seeds are treated with a solution of liquid fertilizing-stimulating mixture of the chelated forms of copper and molybdenum trace elements, and sown.

EFFECT: invention allows to reduce the cadmium content in winter wheat straw in 17 times while increasing cobalt content up to 4 times, allowing to obtain ecologically safe animal forage with better quality.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and may find application in the cultivation of winter wheat, the straw of which is used as roughage for ruminants or as a component for a complex diet.

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal, and cobalt is vital. Moreover, according to GOST 17.4.02-83, cadmium belongs to the elements of the 1st hazard class and causes a number of diseases in animals (Rebrov V.G., Gromova O.A. Vitamins, macro- and microelements M .: GEOTAR-Media, 2008. 960 s.). Therefore, with a lack of cobalt in the diet of animals, the use of cobalt-containing microadditives in feed contributes to the formation of hair, improves physiological functions (for example, blood formation) and other processes. However, all additional micronutrient products are expensive, require accurate dosing and application conditions. At the same time, many soils contain an insufficient amount of essential elements, plants often grow under conditions where the coefficient of biological absorption of trace elements indicates their priority absorption (Pugaev S.V. Content of lead, copper and manganese in the components of anthropogenically modified biogeocenoses / Achievements and Prospects for the scientific support of the agro-industrial complex of the Central region of Russia: Collected Materials, Scientific and Practical Conf., dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the Moscow Research Institute of Agriculture Nemchinovka, Moscow Region, Nemchino ka, 14-17 December. 2011. P. 350-355).

A known method of reducing the accumulation of heavy metals by crops, including the use of the growth regulator of epibrassinolide as a means to reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in barley when grown on contaminated soils as a result of processing plants in the exit phase to the tube (RU 2119285, IPC A01N 43/22, publ. 27.09.1988).

A disadvantage of the known solution is that the result was obtained under the conditions of micro-vegetation experience and was not tested in open ground conditions, when the action of growth regulators is often leveled.

There is a method of increasing the content of essential metals in the treatment of seeds and / or vegetative plants with solutions of physiologically active substances of the cytokinin group (Lukatkin A.S., Zhamgaryan Yu.A., Kirdyanova I.A., Pugaev S.V., Bashmakov D.I. Modification absorption and accumulation of heavy metals in plants and crops by biologically active substances - Migration of heavy metals and radionuclides in a link: soil - plant (feed, diet) - animal - livestock product - human / Abstracts of the III International Scientific Conference V. Novgorod, March 26-28, 2001 V. Novgorod, 2001.S. 121-126).

A disadvantage of the known solution is that the method is developed only for vegetables - fruits of cucumber.

The closest in technical essence is the method of using agricultural land contaminated with heavy metals, which includes planting phytomeliorant plants, which are used as grass mixtures containing at least 60% tetraploid ryegrass varieties and polyploid perennial cereals, such as timothy grass meadow and boneless bonfire (RU 2370935, IPC А01В 79/02, published on October 27, 2009).

In the known method, an increase in the zinc content is noted in the aboveground mass, but there are the following disadvantages: the removal of metal contaminants is minimal, their main mass is fixed by the roots and again remains in the soil, although plants are claimed to be ameliorants, that is, capable of improving soil properties.

The technical result consists in optimizing the cadmium and cobalt content in the straw of winter wheat, a significant reduction in the cadmium content while increasing the cobalt content, which allows to obtain better environmentally friendly products.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the method of optimizing the content of cadmium and cobalt in straw of winter wheat includes embedding clover meadow in the flowering phase with heavy disk harrows and its subsequent smelling after 30 days, then treat the seeds of winter wheat with a solution of a liquid fertilizer-stimulating mixture of chelated forms of copper trace elements and molybdenum (ZhUSS Cu + Mo) with the subsequent sowing of winter wheat on a sideral pair at the optimal time.

Example 1. Clover meadow close up in the soil with heavy disk harrows in the flowering phase and smell after 30 days. Winter wheat is sown with seeds treated with a solution of a liquid fertilizer-stimulating mixture of chelated forms of trace elements containing copper - 32-40 g / l, molybdenum - 14-22 g / l, at a rate of 2 l / t, followed by growing winter wheat after prepared green manure (clover) pair at the optimum time.

The results of the study are presented in table. 1, from which it follows that the cadmium content in the straw of winter wheat of the Mironovskaya 808 variety decreases when it is sown in the sideral pair, compared to black steam, by 17 times, and the cobalt concentration increases by 4 times. When growing winter wheat, sowing fertilizer is provided. It turns out that as a result of the main application of full mineral fertilizer for sowing on black steam, the cadmium content does not significantly change, and for green manure, it increases by 21 times. At the same time, there is a significant increase in the cobalt content for both types of steam to almost the same value. In order to reduce the increased level of cadmium in the straw caused by fertilizers, we apply a preventive measure as a seed treatment with the micronutrient composition ZhUSS Cu + Mo. When sowing seeds of winter wheat treated with a solution of microelements in chelate form (ZhUSS composition Cu + Mo) against the background of the main application of mineral fertilizers, it is noted that a significant increase in the concentration of cadmium in the straw occurs along the black steam, but it does not change for the sideral steam and turns out to be 1 , 46 times less than black steam. At the same time, the level of cobalt in the black pair decreases by 2 times almost to the control level, and in the sideral pair it increases, but it turns out to be less than in the version without the use of agrochemicals.

Compared with the known solution, the proposed solution allows to reduce the cadmium content caused by fertilizers in winter wheat straw by almost 17 times while increasing the cobalt content up to 4 times, which allows to obtain better environmentally friendly products, in addition, the method allows to optimize the cadmium and cobalt content in straw of winter wheat as animal feed - the toxicological load decreases (decrease in cadmium concentration) and the microelement composition improves (the concentration of coba increases ice).

Claims (1)

A method for optimizing the cadmium and cobalt content in a straw of winter wheat, including growing winter wheat according to a sideral pair, characterized in that the meadow clover is closed in the flowering phase and planted after 30 days, the seeds of winter wheat are treated with a solution of a liquid fertilizer-stimulating mixture of chelated forms of trace elements copper and molybdenum and seeded.