RU2632944C1 - Method for obtaining fractionated lecithin - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: method for obtaining fractionated lecithin includes saturating husk-free sunflower kernels with ethanol with the concentration of 99.8%, in an amount providing a weight fraction of moisture and volatiles of 8-10%, extruding the sunflower kernels in the presence of ethanol taken at the ratio to the sunflower kernels as 1:1, to obtain extruded sunflower kernels and ethanol miscella, the exposure of the ethanol miscella at a temperature of 0-10°C for 6-12 hours, resulting in separating the miscella into two phases, decanting the upper phase consisting of ethanol and the alcohol-soluble phase of phospholipides, removing ethanol from it under vacuum at a residual pressure of 20-30 mBar at a temperature of 50-60°C.

EFFECT: increasing the specific content of phosphatidylcholine in fractionated lecithin.

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Description

The invention relates to the food industry, and in particular to methods of processing plant materials, and can be used for the production of fractionated lecithin.

A known method for producing edible vegetable phospholipids, including mixing unrefined vegetable oil with water or aqueous electrolyte solutions, exposing the resulting mixture, separating the mixture into hydrated oil and a phospholipid emulsion and drying the phospholipid emulsion, dissolves the resulting phosphatide concentrate in an organic solvent after drying the phospholipid emulsion ( gasoline, nefras) with a ratio of phosphatide concentrate - solvent (1: 1) - (1: 5) to obtain miscella, obtained miscella filter and treat with a hydrating agent in an amount of 10-40% by weight of miscella at a temperature of 20-40 ° C, the resulting phospholipid emulsion is separated and dried at a temperature of 70-90 ° C under vacuum (Patent No. 2377785, publ. 10.01.2010, Bull . No. 1).

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of the final product.

A known method of producing food lycetin from phospholipids of sunflower oil, including treating sunflower phosphatides with a solvent (acetone) when organizing degreasing in 5 steps, at a temperature of 55 ° C and a ratio of acetone: phosphatides 3: 1-7: 1, respectively, to obtain fat-free phosphatides. The resulting fat-free phosphatides are fractionated with ethyl alcohol during the 4-stage process with a ratio of "fat-free phosphatides: ethyl alcohol" 1: 4, a temperature of 45 ° C and a fractionation time of 7 minutes at each stage. At the first stage, citric acid is added to ethyl alcohol 0.05-0.1% by weight of ethyl alcohol, followed by phase separation into alcohol-insoluble and alcohol-insoluble fractions, followed by drying of fractionated phosphatides (patent No. 30514 KZ, published on November 16, 2015 Byul . No. 11).

The disadvantage of this method is that due to the multi-stage process and the impact on the phospholipid complex of a large number of adverse technological factors, such as harsh temperature conditions, exposure to hydrocarbon solvents, intensive hydrodynamics, interaction with atmospheric oxygen, etc., the phospholipid complex undergoes significant changes, including those associated with the interaction of phospholipid molecules with carbohydrates, unsaponifiable lipids, polyvalent metal ions, oxygen, ermicheskoy modification, oxidation. As a result, a large number of by-products are formed, reducing the nutritional value and complicating the implementation of fractionation processes. Fractionation is carried out using a selective solvent - ethanol. It should be noted that due to the above reasons, fractionated lecithins obtained by such methods are characterized by a phosphatidylcholine content of not more than 70-75%.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for producing fractionated lecithins, providing high quality indicators.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the specific content of phosphatidylcholine in fractionated lecithin.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method for producing fractionated lecithin comprises saturating the headless sunflower kernel with ethanol at a concentration of 99.8%, in an amount providing a mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances of 8-10%, extruding the sunflower kernel in the presence of ethanol, taken in proportion to the sunflower kernel as 1: 1, to obtain an extruded kernel of sunflower and ethanol miscella, exposure of ethanol miscella at a temperature of 0-10 ° C for 6-12 hours, leading to the separation of miscella into two phases, decantation of the upper phase, consisting of ethanol and an alcohol-soluble fraction of phospholipids, removal of ethanol from it under vacuum at a residual pressure of 20-30 mbar at a temperature of 50-60 ° C.

Extruding the sunflower kernel in the presence of ethanol promotes the transition to the miscell of alcohol-soluble fractions of phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine. At a temperature of 60 ° C, the miscella is a homogeneous liquid consisting of ethanol, oil and phospholipids. With decreasing temperature, the solubility of the oil in alcohol decreases, which leads to the separation of the system into two phases: the lower phase is oil with a small amount of ethanol; upper - ethanol with phospholipids, mainly with phosphatidylcholine.

When ethanol is removed under vacuum at a residual pressure of 20-30 mbar at a temperature of 50-60 ° C, a product is obtained consisting of alcohol-soluble fractions of phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine. The inventive method allows to obtain fractionated lecithins from phospholipids of oil obtained from plant materials, characterized by the content of phosphatidylcholine 65-67%.

The method is implemented as follows. The headless sunflower kernel (husk content 0.1%) is saturated with ethanol at a concentration of 99.8% at a temperature of 40-70 ° C for 10-15 minutes. In this case, the amount of ethanol should provide a mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances of 8-10%. After that, the sunflowerless kernel of the sunflower is loaded into the extruder, where ethanol is additionally fed in an amount that ensures the ratio of the sunflowerless kernelless core: ethanol equal to 1: 1.

In the extruder, the processes of grinding the sunless sunflower kernel at a temperature of 50-70 ° C for 15-60 minutes are carried out to obtain an extruded sunflower kernel and ethanol miscella. Removing the resulting ethanol miscella. The resulting miscella is sent to the miscella accumulator, where it is cooled to a temperature of 0-10 ° C, the exposure of the cooled miscella is carried out for 6-12 hours, which leads to the separation of the miscella into two phases. Then the upper phase is decanted and ethanol is removed in vacuo at a residual pressure of 20-30 mbar and a temperature of 50-60 ° C, and high-quality fractionated lecithin with a content of phosphatidylcholines of 65-67% is formed.

Examples of specific performance.

Example 1. The headless sunflower kernel (husk content of 0.1%) is saturated with ethanol at a concentration of 99.8% at a temperature of 40 ° C for 10 minutes. In this case, the amount of ethanol should provide a mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances of 8-10%. After that, the sunflowerless kernel of the sunflower is loaded into the extruder, where ethanol is additionally fed in an amount that ensures the ratio of the sunflowerless kernel of the sunflower: ethanol equal to 1: 1 at a temperature of 50 ° C for 60 minutes to obtain an extruded sunflower kernel and ethanol miscella, which is separated and sent in the miscella storage ring, where it is cooled to a temperature of 0 ° C, the exposure of the cooled miscella is carried out for 6 hours, which leads to the separation of the miscella into two phases. Then the upper phase is decanted and the solvent (ethanol) is removed under vacuum at a residual pressure of 20-30 mbar and a temperature of 50-60 ° C, and high-quality fractionated lecithin is formed.

Example 2. The headless sunflower kernel (husk content of 0.1%) is saturated with 99.8% ethanol at a temperature of 55 ° C for 12 minutes. In this case, the amount of ethanol should provide a mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances of 8-10%. After that, the sunflowerless kernel of the sunflower is loaded into the extruder, where ethanol is additionally fed in an amount that ensures the ratio of the sunflowerless kernel of the sunflower: ethanol equal to 1: 1 at a temperature of 60 ° C for 30 minutes to obtain an extruded sunflower kernel and ethanol miscella, which is separated and sent in the miscella storage ring, where it is cooled to a temperature of 5 ° C, the exposure of the cooled miscella is carried out for 9 hours, which leads to the separation of the miscella into two phases. Then the upper phase is decanted and the solvent (ethanol) is removed under vacuum at a residual pressure of 20-30 mbar and a temperature of 50-60 ° C, and high-quality fractionated lecithin is formed.

Example 3. The headless sunflower kernel (husk content 0.1%) is saturated with ethanol at a concentration of 99.8% at a temperature of 70 ° C for 15 minutes. In this case, the amount of ethanol should provide a mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances of 8-10%. After that, the sunflowerless kernel of the sunflower is loaded into the extruder, where ethanol is additionally fed in an amount that ensures the ratio of the sunflowerless kernel of the sunflower: ethanol equal to 1: 1 at 70 ° C for 15 minutes to obtain an extruded sunflower kernel and ethanol miscella, which is separated and sent in the miscella storage ring, where it is cooled to a temperature of 10 ° C, the exposure of the cooled miscella is carried out for 12 hours, which leads to the separation of the miscella into two phases. Then the upper phase is decanted and the solvent (ethanol) is removed under vacuum at a residual pressure of 20-30 mbar and a temperature of 50-60 ° C, and high-quality fractionated lecithin is formed.

Table 1 shows the characteristics of fractionated lecithin.

Thus, the proposed method for producing fractionated lecithins allows to obtain a high quality product with a high content of phosphatidylcholines.

Claims (1)

A method for producing fractionated lecithin characterized by saturation of a sunflowerless sunflower kernel with ethanol at a concentration of 99.8%, in an amount providing a mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances of 8-10%, by extrusion of a sunflower kernel in the presence of ethanol taken in a ratio of 1: 1 with a sunflower kernel, obtaining an extruded kernel of sunflower and ethanol miscella, exposure of ethanol miscella at a temperature of 0-10 ° C for 6-12 hours, leading to the separation of miscella into two phases, decantation of the upper phase, coc consisting of ethanol and an alcohol-soluble fraction of phospholipids, removing ethanol from it under vacuum at a residual pressure of 20-30 mbar at a temperature of 50-60 ° C.