RU2629076C2 - Method of purifying drinking water and station for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: method of purifying liquid includes water preparation before purification by introducing reagents, water purification by gravity deposition using ballast materials and filtration method, hydrocyclone separation of ballast and impurities removed from the liquid, disinfection of water before shipment to the consumer. Preparation of purified water is carried out in two stages: in the first stage, firstly ammonium sulfate and then sodium hypochlorite are introduced into the water in an ejection way, and in the second stage, a coagulant, flocculant and ballast are introduced into the water in the mixing mode; the prepared water is pre-purified by contact-vortex precipitation, and finally - by filtration through the pre-coat layer; impurities removed with part of the water in the preliminary and final stages of purification are mixed with soda solution, coagulant and flocculant and sent to thickening by contact-vortex precipitation, the resulting precipitate is dehydrated, and the purified water is sent for preliminary purification; the ballast removed at the pre-treatment stage is cleared from impurities and reused in the second stage of water treatment; the filter material removed at the final filtration stage is cleared from impurities in the force field and re-used for the process of pre-coating the filter elements.

EFFECT: decreasing specific capital investments, labour intensity and energy consumption of purifying a unit of water volume as a result of re-use of reagents and filter materials.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to water treatment plants and can be used for water supply to populated areas and industrial enterprises.

A known method and installation for water treatment (see RF patent No. 2475457, class C02F 9/08, C02F 1/52, B01D 21/01, publ. 02/20/2013), including the interaction of water, ballast and flocculant in the zone flocculation; introducing the mixture into the deposition zone; removing the mixture of sediment and ballast from the lower part of the deposition zone and directing it to the mixing zone; extracting a mixture of sediment and ballast from the mixing zone and feeding it into a hydrocyclone; product recirculation from the lower discharge of the hydrocyclone to the flocculation zone; extracting part of the precipitate from the product of the upper discharge of the hydrocyclone, recycling the rest of the precipitate to the intermediate zone; continuous measurement of the concentration of contaminants in the water and determination of the amount of ballast to obtain water of a given quality. The installation contains a flocculation tank with a mixer; a pipeline for supplying water to the flocculation tank; a settling tank provided in the upper part with an outlet channel; a pipeline connecting the lower part of the settling tank with an intermediate tank with a stirrer; a pipeline connecting the tank to the hydrocyclone; a pipeline for recycling a portion of the product from the hydrocyclone to the intermediate tank; sensors, a computing device that provides continuous determination and regulation of the amount of ballast.

For reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result indicated below, the known method uses a single-stage purification by introducing flocculant and ballast into the purified water. However, as the experience of operating water treatment plants shows, single-stage treatment does not provide guaranteed quality of treatment.

The essence of the proposed method of water purification is that the water to be purified is carried out in two stages: at the first stage, ammonium sulfate is introduced into the water by ejection method, then sodium hypochlorite, and at the second stage, a coagulant, flocculant and ballast are introduced into the water in the mixing mode ; the prepared water is preliminarily purified by contact-vortex precipitation, and finally, by filtration through an alluvial layer; impurities removed from a part of the water at the preliminary and final stages of purification are mixed with soda solution, coagulant and flocculant and sent to thicken by contact-vortex precipitation, the precipitate obtained is dehydrated, and the water purified from impurities is sent for preliminary cleaning; the ballast removed at the pre-treatment stage is freed from impurities and reused at the second stage of water preparation; the filter material removed at the final filtration stage is freed from impurities in the force field and reused for the washing process of the filter elements.

In addition, in the regeneration mode, the elements of contact-vortex cleaners are washed with purified water, and the filter elements with a precoated layer are washed with a water-air mixture.

The essence of the water treatment plant is that the reagent preparation system consists of devices for the preparation of ammonium sulfate, sodium hypochlorite, coagulant, flocculant, ballast, filter slurry, soda solution, and the pipeline for supplying purified water through ejection devices is connected to the device for the preparation of ammonium sulfate and hypochlorite sodium, and then with a pumping station and a water treatment system, which, in turn, is connected through pipelines to a coagulant preparation device, a floc amber and ballast; the water treatment system itself is connected by a pipeline to a contact-vortex precipitator, and the latter, in turn, is connected to an inlet lamellar filter, and the vortex precipitator and inlet lamella filter are connected by pipelines to the sediment thickening and dewatering device.

In addition, the contact-vortex precipitator is made in the form of an open container with precipitation elements located inside in the form of vertical slats equipped with side inclined shelves.

The washing lamella filter includes a perforated frame made in the form of a flat hollow plate with an internal cavity of at least 1 mm in size, the plates being their lower part combined into a common pipe for removing purified water, the filter consists of at least two filter elements assembled parallel to each other in a bag, the bag on the outside and between the filter elements is equipped with flushing nozzles located across the entire width of the filter elements, and the nozzles themselves are connected through a rod to a portal having a drive for reciprocating nozzles.

The use of the invention provides the following technical result: reduction in specific capital investments, labor input and energy consumption for cleaning a unit volume of water as a result of reuse of reagents (ballast) and filter materials.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that the proposed method includes the preparation of water before purification by introducing reagents, purification of water by gravitational deposition using ballast materials and filtration, hydrocyclone separation of ballast and impurities removed from the liquid, disinfection of water before sending it to the consumer.

The peculiarity is that the preparation of purified water is carried out in two stages: at the first stage, ammonium sulfate and then sodium hypochlorite are introduced into the water by an ejection method, and at the second stage, a coagulant, flocculant and ballast are introduced into the water in the mixing mode; the prepared water is preliminarily purified by contact-vortex precipitation, and finally, by filtration through an alluvial layer; impurities removed from a part of the water at the preliminary and final stages of purification are mixed with soda solution, coagulant and flocculant and sent to thicken by contact-vortex precipitation, the precipitate obtained is dehydrated, and the water purified from impurities is sent for preliminary cleaning; the ballast removed at the pre-treatment stage is freed from impurities and reused at the second stage of water preparation; the filter material removed at the final filtration stage is freed from impurities in the force field and reused for the washing process of the filter elements.

In addition, in the regeneration mode, the elements of contact-vortex cleaners are washed with purified water, and the filter elements with a precoated layer are washed with a water-air mixture.

The water treatment station consists of a reagent preparation system, tanks equipped with agitators, preliminary and final water purifiers, a thickening and sludge dewatering system, a disinfection system, pump stations, pipelines and valves.

The peculiarity lies in the fact that the reagent preparation system consists of devices for the preparation of ammonium sulfate, sodium hypochlorite, coagulant, flocculant, ballast, filter suspension, soda solution, and the pipeline for supplying purified water through ejection devices is connected to a device for the preparation of ammonium sulfate and sodium hypochlorite, and then with a pumping station and a water treatment system, which, in turn, is connected via pipelines to a coagulant, flocculant and ballast preparation device; the water treatment system itself is connected by a pipeline to a contact-vortex precipitator, and the latter, in turn, is connected to an inlet lamellar filter, and the vortex precipitator and inlet lamella filter are connected by pipelines to the sediment thickening and dewatering device.

In addition, the contact-vortex precipitator is made in the form of an open container with precipitation elements located inside in the form of vertical slats equipped with side inclined shelves. The washing lamella filter includes a perforated frame made in the form of a flat hollow plate with an internal cavity of at least 1 mm in size, the plates being their lower part combined into a common pipe for removing purified water, the filter consists of at least two filter elements assembled parallel to each other in a bag, the bag on the outside and between the filter elements is equipped with flushing nozzles located across the entire width of the filter elements, and the nozzles themselves are connected through a rod to a portal having a drive for reciprocating nozzles.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patents and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "novelty."

The block diagram of the station is presented in the figure. The station consists of:

A - reagent preparation systems,

B - water pre-treatment systems,

In - pumping station,

G - final water treatment systems,

D - cascade contact-vortex gravitational deposition systems,

E - alluvial lamella filtration systems,

G - filtrate treatment systems,

And - systems thickening and dewatering sludge,

K - water disinfection systems,

L - pump station.

The reagent preparation system includes an ammonium sulfate preparation device 1, sodium hypochlorite preparation device 2, a coagulant preparation device 3, a flocculant preparation device 4, a ballast preparation device 5, a filter suspension preparation device 6, a soda solution preparation device 7.

The system of preliminary water treatment includes ejection mixers 8 and 9.

The pump station consists of a storage tank 10 and a pump 11. The final water treatment system consists of a tank 12 with a mixer 13.

The system of cascade contact vortex deposition consists of a contact vortex precipitator 14, precipitation elements 15 made in the form of vertical slats equipped with side inclined shelves, a tank 16 with a mixer 17, a hydrocyclone 18, a tank 19, pumps 20, 21 and 22.

The system of alluvial lamella filters consists of a container 23, perforated frames 24, made in the form of flat hollow plates with an internal cavity of at least 1 mm in size, assembled parallel to each other in a bag and united by a common outlet pipe 25. The flushing device consists of nozzles 26 that are attached on the portal 27 through the rods 28. In addition, the system consists of a tank 29 with a mixer, tank 30, hydrocyclones 31 and 32, tank 33, pumps 34 and 35. The system is serviced by compressor 36.

The filtrate processing system consists of a contact-vortex precipitator 37, precipitation elements 38, made in the form of vertical slats, equipped with side inclined shelves, tanks 39, ejection mixers 40, 41 and 42, pump 43.

The sludge thickening and dewatering system consists of a tank 44, a thickener 45 (for example, an expander), a container 46, pumps 47 and 48.

The water disinfection system is equipped with a device 49 for introducing sodium hypochlorite into the purified water.

The pump station includes a storage tank 50, pumps 51 and 52.

All station systems are interconnected by pipelines 53 ... 77. The station operates as follows. Purified water under a pressure of 0.3-0.6 MPa through a pipe 53 serves at the station.

In the system of preliminary water treatment through the ejection mixers 8 and 9 through the pipelines 54 and 55, the required amount of pre-prepared reagents is introduced into the water. From device 1, ammonium sulfate, and from device 2, sodium hypochlorite. Then the water is poured into the storage tank 10, and from there it is pumped through a pipe 56 to a container 12, where the prepared solution of coagulant, flocculant and ballast is additionally added to the water through pipelines 57, 58 and 59 from devices 3, 4 and 5.

The resulting solution is stirred with a stirrer 13, and then by gravity through a pipe 60 is poured into the tank of the contact-vortex precipitator 14.

The presence of reagents and ballast in the purified water facilitates the intensive deposition of coagulated aggregates of foreign impurities on precipitation elements 15 made in the form of vertical lamellas equipped with side inclined shelves.

Purified water is discharged by gravity line 61 to the next purification stage. To effectively remove accumulated sludge and ballast on the surfaces of the lamellas, the latter is periodically shaken and the sludge with ballast in the form of a precipitate is discharged through a pipe 62 into a container 16. Periodically, the contact-vortex precipitator 14 is washed with purified water that feeds through a pipe 63 with a pump 51. In the tank 16, agitation is carried out sediment with a stirrer 17, and then the resulting suspension with a pump 21 is fed into the hydrocyclone 18, where the separation of sludge and ballast. Ballast through the lower opening of the hydrocyclone 18 is poured into a container 16, and the sludge is discharged through a pipe 64 to a tank 19, and from there by a pump 20 through a pipe 65 is sent to the filtrate processing system. After multiple purification of the suspension with hydrocyclone 18, purified water and ballast remain in the tank 16. After that, from the tank 16 by the pump 22 through the pipeline, purified water together with the ballast through the pipe 66 is supplied to the tank 12 for reuse of the ballast in the final water treatment system.

In the system of alluvial lamella filters, water passes the second stage of purification. Water drained by gravity through the pipe 61 into the container 23 passes through the walls of the packages of perforated frames 24, on which an alluvial layer of a filter suspension is formed. The water purified in alluvial lamella filters is discharged through the discharge pipe 25 into a container 30, and from there by a pump through a pipe 67 into a water disinfection system.

To change the fill layer from the perforated frames 24, the supply of purified water to the tank 23 is stopped and all water from the tank 23 is discharged into the tank 29 through a pipe 68. At the same time, the wash-up layer is washed off by supplying purified water through a pipe 69 under pressure through 28 rods 28 to nozzles 26, which, swinging on the rods, perform reciprocating motion and wash off the used precoat layer contaminated with sludge from the surface of the perforated frames 24. The removed filter slurry together with the sludge is discharged through a pipe 69 into a tank 29, and from there pump 35 is pumped through a pipe 70 into a hydrocyclone 31, where the filter suspension and sludge are separated. The filter suspension through the lower opening of the hydrocyclone 31 is discharged into a container 33 for reuse, and the sludge is sent through a pipe 71 to the filtrate treatment system. To accelerate the process of changing the filter layer, the pump 34 is additionally turned on, which pumps water from the tank 23 and sends it through the pipeline to the hydrocyclone 32. The filter suspension is discharged through the lower opening of the hydrocyclone 32 into the tank 33 for reuse, and the sludge is sent through the pipe 71 to filtrate treatment system.

After removing water, suspension and sludge from the container 23, the container 23 is filled with purified water through a pipe 72. Then, the required amount of a new filter suspension is added to the container 33, since during the regeneration process in the hydrocyclone 31 a part of the filter suspension together with the sludge was sent to the filtrate treatment system. Prepared in the container 33, the filter suspension is discharged by gravity into the container 23 by gravity into the container 23, where an alluvial layer is formed on the surfaces of the perforated frames 24. Water passes through the perforated frames 24, drains into the container 30, and from there it is pumped through the pipe 74 to the container 33 for repeated use in the washing process. The washing process is carried out until the formation of the alluvial layer on the surfaces of the perforated frames 24. After that, the water supply from the contact-vortex precipitator is resumed for further cleaning.

The water purified in the lamella lamella filter system via line 67 is discharged into the water disinfection system, where it is subjected to ultraviolet treatment, in addition, a solution of sodium hypochlorite is introduced into the water through an ejection device 49. Then the water is poured into the storage tank 50 and from there the pumps 52 are sent to the consumer.

The sludge removed from the water using hydrocyclones 31 and 32 in system E is piped 71 to the filtrate treatment system, after mixing water with soda solution, coagulant and flocculant in ejection mixers 40, 41 and 42. After that, the resulting suspension is poured into the contact tank vortex precipitator 37. Purified water from the tank of the contact-vortex precipitator 37 is directed by gravity to the tank 39, and from there by pump 43 through line 75 to the tank 12 of the final water treatment system. Sludge sludge from the tank of the contact-vortex precipitator 37 is poured into the tank 44, where it is settled. The clarified water from tank 44 by pump 48 is returned via line 76 to the contact-vortex precipitator tank 37. The precipitate is poured into thickener 45 (for example, an expander), and water removed from the sludge by pump 47 is returned via line 77 to the contact-vortex precipitator tank 37.

Thus, the foregoing description indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed invention:

- a tool embodying the claimed invention, in its implementation is intended for water purification and can be used for water supply to populated areas and industrial enterprises;

- for the claimed method and device in the form as they are described in the stated claims, the possibility of their implementation using the means and methods described in the application is confirmed;

- a tool that embodies the claimed invention in the implementation, is able to achieve the technical objectives perceived by the applicant: reducing specific capital investments, labor and energy costs of cleaning a unit volume of water as a result of reuse of reagents (ballast) and filter materials.

Claims (6)

1. The method of purification of drinking water, including the preparation of water before treatment by introducing reagents, water purification by gravity deposition using ballast materials and filtration, hydrocyclone separation of ballast and impurities removed from the liquid, disinfection of water before sending it to the consumer, characterized in that the preparation The water being purified is carried out in two stages: at the first stage, ammonium sulfate is first introduced into the water by ejection method, and then sodium hypochlorite, and at the second stage it is mixed I water was introduced into the coagulant, flocculant and ballast; the prepared water is preliminarily purified by contact-vortex precipitation, and finally, by filtration through an alluvial layer; impurities removed from a part of the water at the preliminary and final stages of purification are mixed with soda solution, coagulant and flocculant and sent to thicken by contact-vortex precipitation, the precipitate obtained is dehydrated, and the water purified from impurities is sent for preliminary cleaning; the ballast removed at the pre-treatment stage is freed from impurities and reused at the second stage of water preparation; the filter material removed at the final filtration stage is freed from impurities in the force field and reused for the washing process of the filter elements. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in the regeneration mode, the elements of contact-vortex cleaners are washed with purified water. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in the regeneration mode, the filter elements with an alluvial layer are washed with a water-air mixture. 4. Water treatment station, consisting of a reagent preparation system, tanks equipped with agitators, preliminary and final water purifiers, a thickening and sludge dewatering system, a disinfection system, pump stations, pipelines and valves, characterized in that the reagent preparation system consists of devices preparation of ammonium sulfate, sodium hypochlorite, coagulant, flocculant, ballast, filter suspension, soda solution, and the pipeline for supplying purified water through ejection devices tv preparation device connected to ammonium sulfate and sodium hypochlorite, then with a pumping station and a water treatment system, which in turn is connected by means of pipelines with device training coagulant, flocculant and ballast; the water treatment system itself is connected by a pipeline to a contact-vortex precipitator, and the latter, in turn, is connected to an inlet lamellar filter, and the vortex precipitator and inlet lamella filter are connected by pipelines to the sediment thickening and dewatering device. 5. Water purification station according to claim 4, characterized in that the contact-vortex precipitator is made in the form of an open container with precipitation elements located inside in the form of vertical slats equipped with side inclined shelves. 6. The water treatment station according to claim 4, characterized in that the all-purpose lamella filter includes a perforated frame made in the form of a flat hollow plate with an internal cavity of at least 1 mm in size, and the plates with their lower part are combined into a common pipe for removal of cleaned water, the filter consists of at least two filter elements assembled parallel to each other in a bag, and the bag on the outside and between the filter elements is equipped with flushing nozzles located across the entire width of the filter elements, and the nozzles themselves through the rods are connected to a portal having a drive for reciprocating movement of the nozzles.

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