RU2628360C1 - Safe electric detonator for blasting-perforation equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting.

SUBSTANCE: safe electric detonator for the blasting-perforation equipment contains an power point installed in the socket, consisting of two contacts connected at the end by a resistance bridge, a cylindrical body, starting and main charges and a through axial channel. The through axial channel is made three-step and comprises a first channel part of a relatively small diameter and a second channel part of large diameter connected by a conical section. The through axial channel is filled with the main charge of blasting explosive of low density and on both sides it is covered with a sticky metalized tape, from one end of the body bushing is fixed by thread and fixed with a heat-resistant glue, which has a cylindrical socket with an axial hole. The contacts of the power point are made in the form of a central and external contacts separated by a dielectric bushing. The socket cavity is filled with the starting charge of blasting explosive. On the other end of the body second cover is installed on the thread and fixed with a heat-resistant glue, contacting with a sticky metalized tape. The central contact is insulated from the body by dielectric tape with an adhesive layer. The ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the second large diameter part and the first small diameter part can be made in the range from 2 to 4. On the inner surface of the first part of the axial channel, the roughness is made by the height of the unevenness from 160 to 500 mcm. The roughness is made in class 1. The roughness is made in the form of a thread. In the starting charge of the blasting explosive, from 25 to 40% of the sensitizer can be introduced. As a sensitizer, quartz sand can be used. As a sensitizer, pounded glass can be used.

EFFECT: invention allows to ensure absolute tightness under any operating conditions, the supply of electric current to the electric detonator without wires and the exclusion of operation from static electricity.

8 cl, 12 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to detonating devices that are triggered by electrical exposure, to ensure detonation in cumulative perforators.

Known electric detonator according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2315027, IPC F42C 19/12, publ. January 20, 2008

This heat-resistant electric detonator consists of a tube containing a cap equipped with explosive, and an electric igniter fixed in the tube by crimping its barrel. The electric igniter is made of an igniter composition containing potassium perchlorate, potassium picrate, polyphenylsiloxane resin and polybutyl methacrylate resin.

Disadvantages: no additional measures are provided for sealing the charges and means of amplifying the detonation pulse.

Known electric detonator according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2150671, IPC F42C 19/12, publ. 06/10/2000

This invention relates to the field of ammunition, blasting, and in particular to bridge detonators, for example, to electric detonators, which are safe due to the absence of initiating explosives in their composition. An amplification charge and an initiator are placed in the sleeve of the electric detonator, in which there is a cap with a part of the secondary explosive near the incandescent bridge. Another part of the secondary explosive is enclosed in a thin-walled initiator sleeve, behind the bottom of which there is a washer with a central hole.

Disadvantages: there are no additional measures to seal the charges, the presence of electrical wires for supplying electricity to the incandescent bridge.

Known electric detonator according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2046276, IPC F42B 3/12, publ. 10.20.1995, prototype.

This electric detonator contains an electric igniter located in the housing, a charge of a secondary low-explosive explosive installed in the sleeve, and a charge of a secondary high-explosive explosive, additional bushings with a low-density explosive are introduced, made in the form of a nozzle and directed axially one after the other in the direction side of high density explosive.

Disadvantages:

- a long channel in the housing, into which a blasting explosive of various densities is pressed in several stages,

- the presence of several nozzles, which complicates the design,

- the assembly process is complicated and a complex technological tool is required,

- no measures are provided to ensure the sealing of the internal cavity with a blasting explosive, especially at high pressure and temperature,

- the presence of current-carrying wires leading to EMF pickups and unauthorized operation,

- the need to pull the wire through the entire perforation system.

The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability of the detonator and its safety.

Achieved technical results: ensuring absolute tightness under any operating conditions, supplying electric current to the electric detonator without wires and eliminating operation from static electricity.

The solution of these problems was achieved in a safe electric detonator for sighting and explosive equipment, containing an electric input installed in the socket, consisting of two contacts connected at the end by an incandescent bridge, a cylindrical body, starting and main charges and a through axial channel, characterized in that the through axial channel is made three-stage and contains the first part of the channel of relatively small diameter and the second part of the channel of relatively large diameter, connected by a conical section, a through axial channel it is filled with the main charge of a low-density blasting explosive and is closed on both sides with an adhesive metallized tape, a sleeve is installed on one end of the case and fixed with heat-resistant adhesive, the sleeve has a cylindrical socket with an axial hole, the electrical input contacts are made in the form of a central and external contacts separated by a dielectric sleeve, the cavity of the nest is filled with a starting charge of a blasting explosive, from the other end of the case it is installed along the thread and fixed thermostatically Kim glue second cover contacting the metallic adhesive tape, wherein the center pin is insulated from the housing of the dielectric tape with a sticky layer. The ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the second part of a relatively large diameter and the first part of a relatively small diameter can be performed in the range from 2 to 4. On the inner surface of the first part of the axial channel, a roughness with a roughness height of 160 to 500 μm can be made. Roughness can be performed in class 1. The roughness can be made in the form of a thread. From the starting charge of the blasting explosive can be introduced from 25 to 40% of the sensitizer. As a sensitizer, quartz sand can be used. As a sensitizer, crushed glass can be used.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawings (Fig. 1-12), where

- in FIG. 1 shows an electric detonator,

- in FIG. 2 shows the housing

- in FIG. 3 shows a sleeve

- in FIG. 4 shows the installation of the electric input in the socket,

- in FIG. 5 shows the design of the cover,

- in FIG. 6 shows the first version of the protrusion of the roughness in a supersonic flow,

- in FIG. 7 shows a second variant of the protrusion in a supersonic flow,

- in FIG. 8 shows the protrusions in the form of natural roughness,

- in FIG. 9 shows the annular protrusions, the first option,

- in FIG. 10 shows the annular protrusions, the second option,

- in FIG. 11 shows the tabs in the form of a thread.

- in FIG. 12 is a diagram of the operation of the detonator as part of a perforator.

A safe electric detonator (Fig. 1-12) for perforating explosive equipment, further a detonator, contains a housing 1, a through axial channel 2, which is filled with the main charge 3 of low-density blasting explosive and is sealed on both sides with adhesive metallic tapes 4 and 5 ( Fig. 2).

Types of adhesive tape for industrial applications.

Adhesive tape based on metallized foil according to TU 2245-21680878-00302001 is operable at temperatures from -200 ° C to + 200 ° C. This option is most preferred for detonators, as it works well at relatively high temperatures. The remaining tape options can be applied to detonators operating in less severe temperature conditions.

Packaging tape (STREPP) is a type of adhesive tape that is used for packaging various goods, indispensable for packaging boxes.

Reinforced adhesive tape (plumbing) is the strongest and most wear-resistant of all, its increased strength and moisture resistance allow it to be used in plumbing and waterproofing works, it is excellent for sealing joints and cracks, joints of pipes of ventilation ducts.

Masking tape (CREP) is a type of self-adhesive tape with a paper base. Aluminum tape is an adhesive tape, which is based on aluminum foil with an acrylic adhesive layer applied to it. The most heat resistant of all adhesive tapes.

Double-sided adhesive tape serves as a substitute for glue, the same adhesive tape, only with a stronger adhesive base.

Through axial channel 2 to increase the efficiency of the detonator consists of the first part 6 of small diameter and the second part 7 of large diameter connected by a conical section 8 (Fig. 2).

To ensure supersonic outflow of combustion products, the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the parts of the channels 7 and 6 should be performed in the range

S2: S1 = 2.0-4.0.

This will provide supersonic speeds M = 1.2-2.0.

To ensure the formation of shock waves, the inner surface of the first part 6 of the through axial channel 2 is made with a roughness with a roughness height of 160 to 500 μm, which partially corresponds to the 1st cleanliness class (GOST 2789-59), the roughness height is from 160 to 320 μm (Table. one). As a roughness, a thread can be used (with a roughness height from 0.32 to 0.5 mm.).

The roughness is designed to form a powerful initiating shock wave. The roughness protrusions provide pulsating shock waves in the first part 6 of the through axial channel 2 of relatively small diameter, which will accelerate the formation of the shock wave, which passes into the next stage of creating a detonation wave due to the confined space.

The optimal height range of bumps is from 160 to 500 microns. It is justified by the fact that irregularities having a height of less than 160 μm will be within the boundary layer, and compaction jumps will not occur on them.

When the roughness in the first part 6 of the through axial channel 2, having a diameter of 3 to 4 mm, exceeding 0.5 mm, the channel clutter will be about 50%, which will complicate the movement of the supersonic stream.

On the housing 1, threads 9 and 10 are made on both sides to ensure the assembly of the detonator with other parts.

A sleeve 11 is screwed onto the housing 1 by a thread 9 and is also fixed with heat-resistant adhesive. In more detail, the design of the sleeve 11 is shown in FIG. 3. The sleeve 11 has an external thread 12 near the end 13 and a cylindrical cavity 14 from the side of the end 15 with an internal thread 16 corresponding to the thread 9 of the housing 1 for screwing the sleeve 11 and the housing 1.

The cylindrical cavity 14 has an end face 17 in contact with the housing 1. On the side of the end 13, a socket 18 is made, also in the form of a cylindrical undercut with an end 19.

A jumper 20 is formed between the ends 17 and 19. The socket 18 and the cylindrical cavity 14 are connected by an axial hole 21 made in the jumper 20. The axial hole 21 is made of small diameter (about 1.5 mm) and has a conical chamfer 22 at the exit. This axial hole 21 is designed to exit the combustion products of the starting charge 23.

The starting charge 23 is poured into the socket 18 of the sleeve 11. The starting charge 23 is made in the form of a blasting explosive, from 25 to 40% of a sensitizer, in particular quartz sand or crushed glass, is introduced into the blasting explosive composition to increase the sensitivity.

The proof of the optimality of the claimed range of the percentage composition of the sensitizer is given in table. 2.

From the table. 2 shows that when the percentage of the sensitizer is less than 25% and more than 40%, it is not effective and does not provide 100% detonator response.

In the socket 18 above the starting charge 23 install the electric input 24 (Fig. 1 and 4).

The cover 25 is screwed onto the sleeve 11 along the external thread 12 and is fixed with heat-resistant adhesive. The cover 25 is designed to protect the electrical input 24 from mechanical stress and thereby keeps it from moving, which eliminates the unauthorized operation of the detonator during transportation.

The electric input 24 (Fig. 4) consists of a central and external contacts, respectively 26 and 27, separated by an insulator 28. Contacts 26 and 27 are connected by a filament bridge 29.

Incandescent bridge 29 is a nichrome wire with a diameter of 0.03 mm and a length of 1.4-1.5 mm, soldered by high-temperature solder to contacts 26 and 27. The electrical resistance of the nichrome wire is 1.5-3.5 Ohms.

The cover 25 (Fig. 4) is cylindrical in shape and has a cavity 30, an internal thread 31 and a central hole 32 for the electric input 24. The cover 25 is screwed onto the sleeve 11 along the threads 12 and 31 and is fixed with heat-resistant adhesive. In this case, the protruding part of the electric input 24 does not extend beyond the upper edge of the cover 25, which allows the central contact 26 to be insulated with a dielectric tape 33 with an adhesive layer. This solves the problem of protection against static electricity.

A second cover 34 is screwed onto the housing 1 along the threaded section 10 (Fig. 1) and fixed with heat-resistant adhesive. The construction of the second cover 34 is shown in more detail in FIG. 5. The second cover 34 is made of a cylindrical shape with an inner cavity 35 of a cylindrical shape on the side of the end 36 and an additional cavity 37 of a smaller diameter on the side of the end 38. On the side wall of the inner cavity 35, an internal thread 39 is made corresponding to the thread 10 (Fig. 1). In this case, between the cavities 35 and 37, a torn wall 40 is formed.

The roughness in the first part 6 of the through axial channel 2 is formed by protrusions 41 (FIGS. 6 and 7), while there is an optimal height of these protrusions h. If the height of the protrusion h is less than the thickness of the boundary layer δ, then the shock wave in the supersonic flow, i.e. at a flow velocity V greater than M = 1, it does not occur (Fig. 6), but if h> δ, then a shock wave 42 is formed on the protrusion 41 (Fig. 7).

The optimal height of the protrusions 41 is established; it must be selected from the range

h = 160-500 microns.

In FIG. Figure 8 shows the protrusions 41 in the form of natural roughness according to GOST 25142-82. Natural roughness with a height of irregularities from 160 to 320 microns causes shock waves.

In FIG. 9 shows the annular protrusions 41, the first option for which

t = h

Where

t is the spacing of the protrusions 41,

h is the height of the protrusions 41.

In FIG. 10 shows the annular protrusions 41, the second option, for which:

t> h.

In FIG. 11 shows the tabs in the form of a thread. It is advisable to use the thread with the height of the protrusions h = 320-500 microns.

An electric detonator 43 (Fig. 12) is installed in the socket of the upper adapter 44 of the perforator 45. Use such a detonator during descent on the geophysical cable 46. A perforator 45 with a tip (not shown) is lowered into the well 47 and fixed with a wellhead lock (not shown). A cable head 48 is screwed on top, connected to a geophysical cable 46 to which an explosive machine 49 is connected. A perforator 45 is installed in the well 47 in the region of the productive formation 50.

ELECTRON DETONATOR ASSEMBLY

The main charge 3 is poured into the through axial channel 2 (Figs. 1 and 2) and sealed with adhesive metallic tape 4 and 5 on both sides. On one end of the cylindrical body 1 from the side of the first part 6 of the through axial channel 2, a sleeve is installed along the threads 9 and 12 11 and fix it with heat-resistant adhesive. The sleeve 11 has a socket 18 of cylindrical shape with an axial hole 21 of small diameter (about 1.5 mm). An aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.05-0.1 mm (not shown) is installed in the socket 18 and the starting charge 23 of a blasting explosive is poured into which a sensitizer is added to increase sensitivity. On the one hand, a cover 25 is screwed onto the cylindrical body 1 and the sleeve 11 along the thread 12 and fixed with heat-resistant adhesive, providing a good connection and tightness. On the other side of the cylindrical body 1, a second cover 34 is screwed onto the thread 10.

In the hole 32 of the first cover 25 (Fig. 4) install the electrical inputs 24 and close their ends with a dielectric tape 33 with an adhesive layer.

ELECTRON DETONATOR OPERATION

An electric detonator 43 (Fig. 12) is installed in the socket of the upper adapter 44. An electric detonator 43 is used during descent on the geophysical cable 46. A perforator 45 with a cable head 48 is lowered into the well 47 and fixed with a wellhead lock (not shown). An electric detonator 43 is installed in the socket of the upper adapter 44, a cable head 48 is screwed on top with a spring-loaded pointed contact (not shown) that pierces the dielectric tape 33 (Fig. 1), ensuring reliable contact with the central contact 26 of the electric detonator 43. The absence of wires directly in the design of the electric detonator reduces the risk of unauthorized operation of the electric detonator 43 from the electric wiring.

When a signal is supplied from an explosive bomb 49, for example, a standard explosive bomb of the PVV-1 or PVP type, an incandescent bridge 29 is triggered (Fig. 1), the starting charge 23 is ignited, which ignites the main charge 3 of the blasting explosive in the confined space of the through axial channel 2. high-speed combustion occurs, through the axial hole 21 with a diameter of 1.5 mm, hot gases penetrate the first part 6 of the relatively small diameter of the through axial channel 2 in the housing 1. The first part 6 has a rough surface and when passing through In a high-speed jet, it accelerates to supersonic speed, and so-called shock waves occur that briefly block the through axial channel 2, causing pulsation along the length of the through axial channel 2, which leads to an increase in pressure and temperature in the through axial channel 2. There is a sufficient shock pulse, which steadily passes through the conical section 8 and in the second part 7 of a relatively larger diameter, detonation is excited and transitions to the stationary mode. The second cover 34 is torn in the bottom (torn wall 40) and the detonation pulse from the electric detonator is transmitted to the coaxial detonation transmission device — UPD (UPD not shown). From UPD, detonation is transmitted to the detonating cord, then successively arranged cumulative charges (cord and cumulative charges are not shown).

The application of the invention allowed:

- to ensure the tightness of the explosive charge under any conditions, including during prolonged transportation and exposure to vibrations,

- initialize a more powerful shock wave through the use of a sensitizer and the use of roughness in the through axial channel to form shock waves of a supersonic jet,

- to simplify the assembly of the electric detonator and perforator and speed up the preparatory work on the rig to prepare for perforating the well in the area of the reservoir,

- to ensure the unification of parts of the electric detonator due to the landing dimensions,

- to ensure the safety of work by eliminating the influence of pickups of the electrical signal in the wires (they are not in the detonator), creating a control circuit of the electric detonator only at a certain depth in the well and opening this circuit when the perforator is raised and to eliminate the effect of static electricity through the use of a dielectric film,

- there is no initiating substance, which allows you to transport electric detonators with perforated explosive equipment,

- reduced assembly time of perforation systems, where the installation of the electric detonator occurs due to the lack of the need to pull the wire through the entire perforation system and to save non-ferrous metal - copper due to the absence of wires in the proposed electric detonator.

Claims (8)

1. A safe electric detonator for sighting and explosive equipment, comprising an electrical input installed in the socket, consisting of two contacts connected at the end by an incandescent bridge, a cylindrical body, starting and main charges and a through axial channel, characterized in that the through axial channel is made three-stage and contains the first part of a relatively small diameter and the second part of a relatively large diameter, connected by a conical section, the through axial channel is filled with the main charge of the blasting explosive low-density substance and is closed on both sides by an adhesive metallic tape, a sleeve having a cylindrical socket with an axial hole is installed on one end of the case and fixed with heat-resistant adhesive, the electrical input contacts are made in the form of a central and external contacts separated by a dielectric sleeve, the cavity of the socket is filled with a starting charge of a blasting explosive, from the other end of the case is installed along the thread and fixed with heat-resistant adhesive the second cover in contact with the sticky m tallizirovannoy ribbon, the center pin is insulated from the housing of the dielectric tape with a sticky layer. 2. Safe electric detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the second part of the relatively large diameter and the first part of the relatively small diameter is made in the range from 2 to 4. 3. Safe electric detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that on the inner surface of the first part of the axial channel a roughness is made with a roughness height of 160 to 500 microns. 4. Safe electric detonator according to claim 3, characterized in that the roughness is made according to class 1. 5. Safe electric detonator according to claim 3, characterized in that the roughness is made in the form of a thread. 6. Safe electric detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that from 25 to 40% of the sensitizer is introduced into the starting charge of the blasting explosive. 7. Safe electric detonator according to claim 6, characterized in that quartz sand is used as a sensitizer. 8. Safe electric detonator according to claim 6, characterized in that ground glass is used as a sensitizer.

Images