RU171312U1 - DETONATOR FOR ARROW EXPLOSION EQUIPMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to detonating devices that are triggered by electrical exposure, to ensure detonation in cumulative perforators. The task of creating a utility model: simplifying the assembly of the detonator and ensuring its unification. The solution of these problems was achieved in a detonator for perforated explosive equipment containing a housing with a cover, an initiating device installed in the cavity of the housing, a starting and main charges and a through axial channel, while the through axial channel is made three-stage and contains the first part of a small diameter and the second part of a large diameters connected by a conical section, the through axial channel is filled with the main charge of a low-density blasting explosive, in that the through axial channel is made in accelerating a block that is installed in the housing, and a washer is installed between the end face of the booster block and the cover. As an initiating device applied striker. An electric input with an incandescent bridge was used as an initiating device. An incandescent bridge can be made with an electrical resistance of 25-50 ohms. The ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the second part of the large diameter and the first part of the small diameter can be performed in the range from 2 to 4. From the main charge of blasting explosive can be introduced from 0.5% to 2.5% of the sensitizer in the form of microspheres. As a sensitizer, aluminosilicate hollow microspheres can be used. Aluminosilicate hollow microspheres may have an outer diameter of 10 to 100 microns. As a starting charge, finely dispersed blasting explosive can be used. 8 s.p. f-ly, 6 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to detonating devices that are triggered by electrical exposure, to ensure detonation in cumulative perforators at temperatures of 165-200 ° C.

Known detonator according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2315027, IPC F42C 19/12, publ. January 20, 2008

This heat-resistant electric detonator consists of a tube containing a cap equipped with explosive, and an electric igniter fixed in the tube by crimping its barrel. The electric igniter is made of an igniter composition containing potassium perchlorate, potassium picrate, polyphenylsiloxane resin and polybutyl methacrylate resin.

Disadvantages: no additional measures are provided for sealing the charges and means of amplifying the detonation pulse.

Known detonator according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2150671, IPC F42C 19/12, publ. 06/10/2000

This invention relates to the field of ammunition, blasting, and in particular to bridge detonators, for example, to electric detonators, which are safe due to the absence of initiating explosives in their composition. An amplification charge and an initiator are placed in the sleeve of the electric detonator, in which there is a cap with a part of the secondary explosive near the incandescent bridge. Another part of the secondary explosive is enclosed in a thin-walled initiator sleeve, behind the bottom of which there is a washer with a central hole.

Disadvantages: there are no additional measures to seal the charges, the presence of electrical wires for supplying electricity to the incandescent bridge.

Known detonator according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2046276, IPC F42B 3/12, publ. 10.20.1995 g.

This electric detonator contains an electric igniter located in the housing, a charge of a secondary low-explosive explosive installed in the sleeve, and a charge of a secondary high-explosive explosive, additional bushings with a low-density explosive are introduced, made in the form of a nozzle and directed axially one after the other in the direction side of high density explosive.

Disadvantages:

- a long channel in the housing, into which a blasting explosive of various densities is pressed in several stages,

- the presence of several nozzles, which complicates the design,

- the assembly process is complicated and a complex technological tool is required,

- no measures are provided to ensure the sealing of the internal cavity with a blasting explosive, especially at high pressure and temperature,

- the presence of current-carrying wires leading to EMF pickups and unauthorized operation,

- the need to pull the wire through the entire perforation system.

Known detonator according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 166695, IPC F42C 19/00, publ. 12/10/2016, the prototype.

This detonator comprises a housing with a lid mounted in an electric input housing, consisting of two contacts connected at the end by an incandescent bridge, a starting and main charges and a through axial channel, while the through axial channel is made three-stage and contains a first part of a relatively small diameter and a second part with respect to large diameter, connected by a conical section, the through axial channel is filled with the main charge of low-density blasting explosive.

Disadvantages: the complexity of the assembly, the lack of unification of parts of electric detonators of various sizes and the lack of unification of the electric detonator with a shock detonator.

The tasks of creating a utility model: simplifying the assembly of the detonator and ensuring its unification.

Technical results achieved: simplification of the detonator assembly and ensuring its unification.

The solution of these problems was achieved in a detonator for a perforated explosive equipment containing a housing with a cover, an initiating device installed in the housing socket, a starting and main charges and a through axial channel, while the through axial channel is made in three stages and contains the first part of a small diameter and the second part of a large diameters connected by a conical section, the through axial channel is filled with the main charge of a low-density blasting explosive, in that the through axial channel is made in accelerating b A lock is installed in the housing, and a washer is installed between the end face of the booster block and the cover.

As an initiating device, a striker can be used.

As an initiating device, an electric input with an incandescent bridge can be used. An incandescent bridge can be made with an electrical resistance of 25 ... 50 Ohms.

The ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the second part of the large diameter and the first part of the small diameter can be performed in the range from 2 to 4. From the main charge of blasting explosive can be introduced from 0.2% to 0.5% of the sensitizer in the form of microspheres.

As a sensitizer, aluminosilicate hollow microspheres can be used.

Aluminosilicate hollow microspheres may have an outer diameter of 10 to 100 microns.

As a starting charge, finely dispersed blasting explosive can be used.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in the drawings (Fig. 1 ... 6), where:

- in FIG. 1 shows the detonator,

- in FIG. 2 shows an impact detonator,

- in FIG. 3 shows an electric detonator,

- in FIG. 4 shows a booster block,

- in FIG. 5 shows the washer,

- in FIG. 6 shows an electric input with an incandescent bridge.

A detonator for perforating and blasting operations (Fig. 1), hereinafter referred to as a detonator, comprises a housing 1, inside which an accelerating block 2 is installed, containing a through axial channel 3. The through axial channel 3 is filled with the main charge 4 of a blasting explosive. From the main charge 4 blasting explosive can be introduced from 0.2% to 0.5% of the sensitizer in the form of microspheres. It is preferable to use aluminosilicate hollow microspheres as a sensitizer.

Aluminosilicate hollow microspheres - glass-crystalline aluminosilicate balls, which are formed during high-temperature flaring of coal. They are the most valuable components of the ash waste from thermal power plants. They are hollow, almost perfect shaped silicate balls with a smooth surface, with a diameter of 10 to several hundred micrometers, an average of about 100 microns. They have continuous non-porous walls with a thickness of 2 to 10 microns, a melting point of 1400-1500 ° C, a density of 580-690 kg / m ³ .

Typically, a sensitizer is used as a sensitizer, in particular silica sand or crushed glass. The sensitizer increases the sensitivity of high explosive to detonation, i.e. It is intended to stimulate the combustion process. Microspheres have a large surface with a small volume, therefore, are more effective.

The proof of the optimality of the claimed range of the percentage composition of the sensitizer is given in table 1.

From the table. Figure 1 shows that when the percentage of the sensitizer is less than 0.5% and more than 2.5%, it is not effective and does not provide 100% response to the detonator.

The through axial channel 3 consists of a first part 5 of a relatively small diameter and a second part 6 of a relatively large diameter, connected by a conical section 7 (Fig. 2).

The housing 1 is cylindrical, the material of the housing 1 is steel. Acceleration block 2 can be made of metal.

To ensure supersonic outflow of combustion products, the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of parts 6 and 5 should be performed in the range:

S2: S1 = 2.0-4.0.

A thread 8 is made on the housing 1 to ensure assembly of the detonator with a cover 9. Between the accelerating unit 2 and the cover 9, an initiating device 11 is installed in the cavity 10. A washer 12 is installed under the initiating device 11, which has an axial hole 13 and an output chamfer 14.

The axial hole 13 is made with a diameter of 1.5-1.8 mm

From the end of the washer 12, opposite the output chamfer 14, a first sheet of foil 15 is installed, over which the initiating device 11 is placed. Between the washer 12 and the booster unit 2, a second sheet of foil 16 is installed, and from the side of the other end of the booster unit 2, a third sheet of foil 17.

On the end wall 18 of the cover 9, a Central hole 19 is made.

In FIG. 2 shows a shock detonator, in which the firing pin 20 installed in the sleeve 21 is used as the basis of the initiating device 11. The initiating device 11 further comprises a starting charge 22 located between the firing pin 20 and the first sheet of foil 15. It is advisable to carry out the starting charge 22 from fine blasting explosive.

Depending on the degree of dispersion (fineness), various materials are classified into:

(1) Coarse, particle sizes ≥10 μm;

(2) Fine or microdispersed, particle sizes from 0.1 to 10 microns;

(3) Nanodispersed particle sizes, particle sizes ≤100 nm.

Nanodispersed particles may be more efficient, but their production will be significantly more expensive than the use of finely dispersed particles ranging in size from 0.1 to 10 microns.

The Central hole 19 is filled with a layer of heat-resistant varnish 23.

In FIG. 3 shows an electric detonator in which an electric input 24 of an electric detonator is used as the basis of the initiating device 11. The electric input 24 (Fig. 6) contains a central electrode 25 and a side electrode 26 made concentrically to the central electrode 25. The central and side electrodes 25 and 26 are separated by a tube-shaped insulator 27. The central electrode 25 and the side electrode 26 are connected by a filament bridge 28.

Incandescent bridge 28 is made of an inert material that conducts an electric current with high electrical resistivity and has a resistance of 25 ... 50 Ohms.

This allows you to increase the safe current up to 0.3 A and thereby increase the safety of detonator operation from electric fuses.

In FIG. 4 shows the acceleration unit 2, and in FIG. 5 - washer 12.

DETONATOR ASSEMBLY

For shock detonator

A pre-assembled accelerating unit 2 is installed in the housing 1 (Fig. 2), filled with the main charge 4 of a blasting explosive and covered by the second and third sheets of foil 16 and 17 (the foil is with an adhesive layer). Then the washer 12 is installed, the first sheet of foil is laid on it 15. The starting charge 22 is poured and the bushing 21 is installed, and the firing pin 20 is inserted into it. The cover 9 is screwed onto the housing 1. The central hole 19 and the end of the firing pin 20 are filled with a layer of heat-resistant varnish 23 (Fig. 2).

For electric detonator

A pre-assembled booster unit 2 is installed in the housing 1 (Fig. 3), filled with the main charge 4 of a blasting explosive and covered by the second and third sheets of foil 16 and 17. Then the washer 12 is installed, the first sheet of foil 15 is laid on it. The starting charge 22 is filled Install the electric input 24 with the glow bridge 28. By thread 8 on the housing 1, wrap the cover 9.

DETONATOR WORK

A perforator equipped with a detonator is lowered into the well on tubing - tubing or on a geophysical cable. When the initiating head is triggered, the initiating device 11 is triggered (Fig. 1), initiating detonation along the explosive chain of the perforator, which descends on the tubing or geophysical cable (not shown).

For shock detonator

When using a shock detonator (Fig. 2), the firing pin 20, acting on the starting charge 22, causes its high-speed combustion. After breaking through the first sheet of foil 15, a high-speed stream of gases passes into the central hole 13 of the washer 12 and then breaks through the second sheet of foil 16 and enters the through axial channel 3 of the accelerating unit 2.

For electric detonator

If an electric detonator is used (Fig. 3), then an electric signal is supplied from an explosive device (not shown) through an electric input 24 to an incandescent bridge 28 with an electrical resistance of 25 ... 50 Ohms. When the starting charge 22 is activated, the electric detonator is triggered, initiating detonation along the explosive chain of the punch, which descends on a geophysical cable (not shown).

An electric voltage is supplied to the initiating device 11 to the electric input 24, more precisely, to the central electrode 25. The glow bridge 28 is heated and the high-speed compression of the starting charge 22 is made of fine blasting explosive, causing high-speed combustion.

The combustion products in both versions through the axial hole 13 of the washer 12, breaking through the first sheet of foil 15 (Figs. 2 and 3), penetrate the through axial channel 3 and ignite the main charge 4 of the blasting explosive. The combustion products, passing the first section 5 of the relatively small diameter of the cylindrical body 1, create pulsating shock waves.

The discharge of combustion products through the hole of a small diameter into a channel of large diameter most often leads to disruption of the process due to a decrease in pressure, causing low-speed combustion, and the transition to stationary mode does not occur, while the cup covering the bottom part (in the prototype) ejects part of the product, located in the through axial channel. In the proposed detonator this does not happen.

The through axial channel 3 in the proposed detonator consists of a first part 5 of a relatively small diameter and a second part 6 of a relatively large diameter, connected by a conical section 7 (Fig. 4).

The first part 5 of the through axial channel 3 plays the role of the acceleration section, at the output of which a sufficiently powerful initiating shock pulse is formed, which leads to the transition to the stationary mode and detonation in the second part 6 of a relatively large diameter.

For this, the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the second part 6 - S ₂ and the first part 5 - S ₁ (Fig. 4) is made in the range:

S ₂ : S ₁ = 2.0-4.0.

This allows you to get the flow rate of the combustion products M = 1.2-2.0 (where M is the Mach number).

The first part 5 has a rough surface and, when a high-speed jet passes through it, so-called shock waves occur that briefly block the channel, causing pulsation along the channel length, which, in turn, leads to an increase in pressure and temperature in the channel. There is a sufficient shock pulse, which steadily passes through the conical section 7 of the through axial channel 3, and in the second part 6 of a relatively larger diameter, detonation is excited and transitions to the stationary mode, and the detonation pulse is transmitted from the shock detonator to the coaxial detonation transmission device installed (not shown) . The detonation is transmitted from the front end to the detonating cord (not shown), then cumulative charges (not shown) sequentially located.

Application of the utility model allowed:

- to simplify the assembly of the detonator and perforator and speed up the preparatory work at the rig to prepare for perforation of the well in the area of the reservoir,

- to ensure the unification of the details of the electric detonator and the shock detonator due to the landing dimensions and the use of identical parts for them except the initiator,

- to ensure the operability of the detonator at a temperature in the well of 165 ... 200 ° C,

- eliminate damage to the body parts of perforation systems and make possible their multiple use,

- to ensure the tightness of the explosive charge under any conditions, including during prolonged transportation and exposure to vibrations,

- initialize a more powerful shock wave through the use of a sensitizer and the use of roughness in the through axial channel to form shock waves of a supersonic jet,

- to ensure the safety of work by eliminating the influence of pickups of the electrical signal in the wires (they are not in the detonator), creating a control circuit of the detonator only at a certain depth in the well and opening this circuit when the hammer is raised and to eliminate the effect of static electricity due to the correct choice of the bridge electrical resistance 25 ... 50 ohms in the electric detonator,

- allowed to transport detonators for perforated explosive equipment together with this equipment due to the lack of initiating substance,

- reduce the assembly time of the perforation systems in which the detonator is installed, due to the absence of the need to pull the wire through the entire perforation system,

- expand the arsenal of funds for a specific purpose, i.e. detonators for downhole drills,

- to obtain savings in non-ferrous metal - copper due to the absence of wires in the proposed detonator.

Claims (9)

1. The detonator for perforating explosive equipment, comprising a housing with a cover, an initiating device mounted in the cavity of the housing, a starting and main charges and a through axial channel, while the through axial channel is made three-stage and contains a first part of a small diameter and a second part of a large diameter, connected conical section, the through axial channel is filled with the main charge of low-density blasting explosive, characterized in that the through axial channel is made in the accelerating block, which installed It is located in the housing, and a washer is installed between the end face of the booster block and the cover. 2. The detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the firing pin is used as the initiating device. 3. The detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that an electric input with an incandescent bridge is used as the initiating device. 4. The detonator according to claim 3, characterized in that the glow bridge is made with an electrical resistance of 25-50 Ohms. 5. The detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the second part of the large diameter and the first part of the small diameter is made in the range from 2 to 4. 6. The detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that from the main charge of the blasting explosive is introduced from 0.5% to 2.5% of the sensitizer in the form of microspheres. 7. The detonator according to claim 6, characterized in that the aluminosilicate hollow microspheres are used as a sensitizer. 8. The detonator according to claim 7, characterized in that the aluminosilicate hollow microspheres have an outer diameter of from 10 to 100 microns. 9. The detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that a finely dispersed blasting explosive is used as a starting charge.

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