RU2627800C1 - Dome - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: dome consists of a wooden frame including composite meridional arched ribs made of elements docked end-to-end at an angle to each other and fastened with their upper ends to the central supporting element, and with the lower ones to the supporting element of the base, and horizontal girders connected to the meridional ribs. The docked elements of the arched ribs are connected with overlapping by the cut ends and are fastened with nagels, on the free ends of which the ends of horizontal girders are put, the central supporting element is made in the form of a disk, and the lower tier of horizontal girders is put on the nagels installed in the openings of the lower elements of the meridional arched ribs.

EFFECT: increasing the dome strength.

4 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of industrial, civil, agricultural and storage facilities.

Experts say that domed houses with a wooden frame and cladding are ideal for Russia, which has a rather harsh climate. This structure, which does not have load-bearing walls, has unique power and stability; geometric symmetry of the shapes increases the strength of the structure.

The main advantages of the domed house:

- the sphere is the best shape of the house under wind and snow loads;

- the sphere has the largest volume with the smallest surface area;

- minimal material consumption, labor and time to create a sphere.

A round house in terms of plan gives the following savings:

- 20% - on the use of building materials in construction;

- 40% - on construction works;

- 60% - in operation.

The design is very reliable and durable, as it "keeps itself", and the load on the material is minimal. The strength of wood under static bending is intermediate in size between the tensile and compressive strength along the fibers and can be assumed to be about 900 kg / cm ² on average for different species. If the compressive strength along the fibers is taken as unity, the static bending strength will be about 2 times higher, and the tensile strength along the fibers will be 2.7 times higher.

Known dome cover containing meridional arched elements (ribs), fixed at one end pivotally to the Central support contour, and the other to the support elements installed around the perimeter of the coating. The meridional arched elements are made of composite articulated parts (load-bearing elements). At the junctions of these parts, horizontal annular bearing cables were skipped (analogue - auth. St. USSR No. 953130; IPC 5 ЕВВ 7/08, 1982).

The disadvantage of this design of the dome cover is the relatively low stiffness of the cable-stayed ring system under conditions of asymmetric horizontal loads. This leads to the fact that the design has a low bearing capacity.

A ribbed dome is also known, comprising lower and ridge support rings connected to them and having wood-glued radial ribs on their heads, one ends of which are pivotally attached to the lower support ring, and runs. Opposite edges of the dome are combined in double-hinged arches or frames (analogue - auth. St. USSR No. 1106880; MKP 5 Е04В 1/32, Е04В 7/08, 1984). In this design, an invariable cross system of ribs is formed, and the ridge ring is part of the arch and accepts part of the bending load.

A disadvantage of the known ribbed dome is the high material consumption.

Known ribbed dome containing composite meridional arched ribs made of articulated interconnected load-bearing elements, articulated with their upper ends to the Central support element, and lower to the support elements of the base, evenly spaced around the perimeter of the dome. The dome is equipped with horizontal annular bearing elements fixed to the meridional arched ribs at the joints of the supporting elements forming them. The dome is equipped with additional stiffeners. The annular bearing elements are made of rigid runs, forming rigid trapezoidal and upper triangular sections in each of the dome sectors with bearing elements of meridional arched ribs. Additional stiffeners are staggered in the trapezoidal sections of the dome and are each made in the form of a quadrangle of rods rigidly fixed with vertices in the middle of the supporting elements forming the sides of the trapezoid. All bearing and additional stiffeners are made of wood. The bearing elements of the meridional arched ribs are made of the same length (see patent RU No. 2298618, IPC EV04/08, EV 1/32 (2106.01), 2007). This decision was made as a prototype.

The design disadvantage is the high material consumption and installation complexity.

The objective of the invention is to reduce material consumption and simplify the installation of the dome without loss of bearing capacity.

To solve this problem, a dome containing composite meridional arched ribs made of elements docked at the ends at an angle to each other, a dome lining rigidly fastened to the frame, while the meridional arched ribs are fastened with their upper ends with a central supporting element and the lower ones with a supporting element the bases and are evenly spaced around the perimeter of the dome, horizontal runs are fastened with meridional arched ribs, all the elements of the dome frame are made of wood, according to the invention with the abutted elements of the arched ribs are overlapped at the cut ends and fastened with pins, the ends of the horizontal runs are put on the free ends, the central supporting element is made in the form of a disk, and the lower tier of the horizontal runs is worn on the pins installed in the holes of the lower elements of the meridional arched ribs.

At the upper ends of the elements of the meridional arched ribs connected to the central support element, grooves are made in which a disk of the central support element is mounted.

The cut ends of the elements of the meridional arched ribs have protrusions and depressions corresponding to the depressions and protrusions made along a curved line on the offset end faces of each of the connected elements, and the pins are located in the central zone of the connection.

The nagel is made oblong in the cross section and has a thickness of the cross section h at least equal to the thickness of the cross section H of the connected elements.

The technical result achieved by using all the essential features of the proposed solution is to increase the strength and reliability of both the joints of the frame elements and the dome structure as a whole and to ensure sufficient load-bearing capacity of the dome structure even with an uneven distribution of the load acting on the dome surface. In addition, it simplifies the installation of structural elements and the dome frame itself, as well as reduces the material consumption of the dome.

From the theory of “Resistance of materials” it is known that with a vertical arrangement of connection nodes (for example, for rafters), the main load is perceived by its external, peripheral part. In the proposed solution, the reinforced plug located in the connection zone of the elements of the meridional arched ribs is an element that perceives the main loads of bending and tension in the dome, increasing the strength and reliability of the connection. The connection of the elements of the meridional arched ribs with an overlap along the cut ends with protrusions and depressions made on the ends, reciprocal depressions and protrusions made along a curved line on the displaced end faces, allows to prevent rotation of the connected elements relative to each other, which increases the strength and reliability of the connection simplifies the assembly of the elements of the arch edges of the dome.

The connection of the horizontal runs with the elements of the arched ribs through the pins, on the free ends of which the ends of the horizontal runs are worn, greatly simplifies the assembly of the entire frame and at the same time provides increased structural rigidity. Such a connection provides the formation of annular bearing belts in the dome, increasing the structural rigidity, perceiving the normal forces arising in them during the general operation of the dome. Moreover, the presence of several such belts along the height of the dome ensures the rigidity of the dome. Precise manufacturing of arched rib elements ensures ease of frame assembly and tight convergence of meridional arched rib elements and face planes at the vertices.

The final solidity of the entire structure is provided by the cladding.

The execution at the upper ends of the elements of the meridional arched ribs connected to the central support element of the grooves in which the disk of the central support element is installed, reduces the complexity of the assembly, while the presence of the dome lining, rigidly fastened to the frame, ensures the proper stiffness of the dome.

FIG. 1 is a general view of the dome frame;

FIG. 2 - a dome with a partially sheathed frame;

FIG. 3 - elements of meridional arched ribs (lower, middle, upper);

FIG. 4 - node connection meridional arched ribs with a Central supporting element;

FIG. 5 - node connecting the elements of the meridional arched ribs with each other;

FIG. 6 is a section AA of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 - connection node of horizontal runs with meridional arched ribs.

In the drawings, the positions indicated:

- meridional arched ribs 1,

- elements of arched ribs 2, 2-1, 2-2, 2-n,

- facing 3 domes,

- the Central support element 4, made in the form of a disk,

- supporting element 5 of the base,

- horizontal runs 6,

- dowel 7.

Elements 2 of the arch ribs 1, horizontal girders 6, connecting elements - pins 7 and the central supporting element 5, forming the dome frame, made of wood. The dome contains uniform meridional arched ribs 1 evenly spaced around the perimeter of the dome, made of elements 2 joined by ends 8 at an angle to each other (see Figs. 1, 2). The length of the elements 2 of each tier 9 of the dome is the same. The joined elements 2 of the arched ribs are overlapped along the cut ends 8 and fastened with pins 7 (see Fig. 5). The cut ends 8 of the elements 2 of the meridional arched ribs have protrusions 10 and depressions 11, made along a curved line and responding to the depressions 12 and protrusions 13, made on the offset end faces 14 of each of the connected elements 2. The response protrusions 13 and depressions 12 are also made along a curved line (see Fig. 3).

The pins 7 are located in the central zone of the connection of the elements 2.

At the upper ends of the 15 elements 2 of the meridional arched ribs 1 of the upper tier of the dome, grooves 16 are made in which the central supporting element 4 is made in the form of a disk (see Fig. 4).

The lower ends of the 17 elements 2 of the meridional arched ribs 1 of the lower tier of the dome are connected to the supporting elements 5 of the base. Supporting elements 5 can be made in the form of piles, strip or monolithic foundations and other types of foundations. In the lower ends 17 of each element 2 of the meridional arched ribs 1 holes 18 are made, in which the pins 7 are installed.

The horizontal runs 6 are bonded to the meridional arched ribs 1 by means of the fact that at the ends 19 of each horizontal run 6 grooves 20 are made, which are worn on the free ends 21 of the dowels 7.

Horizontal runs 6 are located on both sides of each of the meridional arched ribs 1 so that they form concentrically arranged rings in plan.

The plug 7 is located in the Central zone of the node connecting the elements 2 and is installed in the holes 22, 23 made in the corresponding zone of the cut end parts of the elements 2. The holes 22, 23 are located so that when connecting the elements 2 into the node, the protrusions 10 and the depressions 11 of the ends 8 , of each element 2, coincided with the corresponding cavity 12 and the protrusion 13 of the offset end faces 14 of another element.

The dowel 7 and the corresponding holes 22, 23 are oblong in cross section and have a thickness of cross section h at least equal to the thickness of the cross section H of the connected elements 2 (see Fig. 5, 6).

As a Nagel material, it is possible, as an option, to use beech wood with a moisture content below the moisture content of the spliced sections. Reaching operational humidity (absorbing moisture from neighboring elements), the plug swells, eliminating gaps in the connection, thereby increasing the strength of the joint.

The assembly of the dome is carried out from the lower tier.

The base support elements 5 are preliminarily prepared, for example, in the form of piles, strip or monolithic foundations and other types of foundations.

Set the element 2-1 of the lower tier of the meridional arched ribs 1 and fasten them with the supporting elements 5. Into the holes 18 made in the lower ends 17 of each element 2-1 of the meridional arched ribs 1 of the lower tier of the dome, install the dowels 7. On the free ends of the 21 dowels 7 put on the grooves 20 the lower tier of the horizontal runs 6, fastening them with the lower tier of the meridional arched ribs 1.

After the assembly of the lower tier is completed, at least three sections of the lower tier carcass are sutured with the lining 3 of the dome.

Then, in turn, the elements 2 are connected into a knot (see Fig. 5) with the formation of meridional arched ribs of the subsequent tier of the dome frame.

1. A hole 7 is driven into the hole 23 of the cut end 8 of the installed lower element 2-1 of the lower tier.

2. Through the hole 22, made in the cut end 8 of the element 2-2, push this element of the second tier onto the dowel 7, turning it with the cut end 8 to the element 2-1 of the first tier.

3. Using a wooden hammer, they achieve a tight fit of the elements relative to each other, obtaining a connection of the elements 2 overlap.

4. When assembling, the protrusions 10 and the depressions 11 are made along the curved line of the cut end 8 of the elements 2-1, 2-2 of the meridional arched ribs with the reciprocal depressions 12 and the protrusions 13 made on the offset end faces 14 of each of the connected elements 2.

After assembling elements of adjacent meridional arched ribs 1 into a knot, between them the free ends of 21 pins 7 put on grooves 20 the next tier of horizontal runs 6, fastening them with this erected tier of meridional arched ribs 1 (see Fig. 7).

After the assembly of the tier is completed, three sections of the frame of this tier are sutured with the lining of 3 domes.

Consistently collect all tiers of the dome. When assembling, for the stability of the frame, it is necessary to sheathe at least three sections of each tier, and then assemble the next.

The sequence of assembly of the upper tier:

1. Connect the opposite 2-n elements to the assembly as described above.

2. In the grooves 16, made at the upper ends of the 15 elements 2-n meridional arched ribs 1 of the upper tier of the dome, set the Central supporting element 4, made in the form of a disk.

3. Assemble the following two opposite elements 2-n, located at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the assembled ones, into the assembly and repeat the operation 2 described above.

4. Consistently collect in nodes all the elements 2-n and connect them to the supporting element 4.

5. On the free ends of 21 pins 7 put on the grooves 20 the last tier of horizontal runs 6, fastening them to the upper tier of the meridional arched ribs 1.

If necessary, for example, the construction of a multi-storey domed house, it is possible to strengthen the joining places of the beams by known methods: plates, corners, screws and so on.

After the assembly of the frame, 3 sections of the frame are sewn up with sheathing in accordance with the layout, leaving free sections for windows and doors.

When testing the dome, made according to the claimed invention, the following technical result was obtained:

- increased rigidity and reliability of the assembled dome (domed house or roof) while simplifying and speeding up the assembly.

No points of damage to the wooden elements by metal fasteners are formed, causing putrefactive processes in the wooden elements under the influence of weather conditions.

The manufacture of the elements of the claimed dome can be carried out using well-known woodworking equipment.

The claimed invention can be used in the construction of houses, roofing, baths, dome structures, etc.

Claims (4)

1. A dome containing composite meridional arched ribs made of elements joined at the angles to one another, the dome lining rigidly fastened to the frame, while the meridional arched ribs are fastened with their upper ends with a central supporting element and the lower ones with a supporting element of the base and evenly spaced around the perimeter of the dome, horizontal girders are fastened with meridional arched ribs, all the elements of the dome frame are made of wood, characterized in that the docked elements are arched the ribs are overlapped at the cut ends and fastened with pins, the ends of the horizontal runs are put on the free ends, the central supporting element is made in the form of a disk, and the lower tier of the horizontal runs is worn on the pins installed in the holes of the lower elements of the meridional arched ribs. 2. The dome according to claim 1, characterized in that at the upper ends of the elements of the meridional arched ribs connected to the central supporting element, grooves are made in which a disk of the central supporting element is mounted. 3. The dome according to claim 1, characterized in that the cut ends of the elements of the meridional arched ribs have protrusions and depressions corresponding to the depressions and protrusions made along a curved line on the offset end faces of each of the connected elements, and the pins are located in the central connection zone. 4. The dome according to claim 1, characterized in that the dowel is oblong in cross section and has a thickness of cross section h at least equal to the thickness of the cross section H of the connected elements.

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