RU194570U1 - CIRCLE ROUND IN THE PLAN FOR DOME CONSTRUCTION - Google Patents

Abstract

This utility model relates to an elongated domed building structure having a frame of wooden beams, and can be used in the construction of industrial, civil, agricultural and storage facilities, namely, to a frame of such a design. The inventive frame for a domed structure, non-circular in plan, consists of two half-domes, each of which contains compound meridional arched ribs evenly spaced along the perimeter of the corresponding half-dome, made of joint GOVERNMENTAL ends at an angle to each other elements (see. Figs. 1 and 2). Two half-domes are interconnected by means of an upper central horizontal beam, which receives the upper central supporting elements of the half-domes (see Figs. 1, 3), made in the form of half-disks. The upper central horizontal beam serves as a support for additional composite arched ribs fastened with horizontal girders and forming side frame structures (see Fig. 1, 2). Horizontal girders are fastened with meridional arched ribs and with additional arched ribs. Horizontal runs are located on both sides of each of the meridional arched ribs and additional arched ribs so that they form concentrically arranged ovals (see Figs. 1, 2, 5). The technical result achieved using all the essential features of the claimed invention consists in reducing the complexity of the assembly of the frame for a domed structure, non-circular in plan, while ensuring the necessary strength and reliability of the frame structure and ensuring sufficient load-bearing capacity even when uniform load distribution acting on the surface of the dome-shaped structures constructed using the claimed frame.

Description

This utility model relates to an elongated domed building structure having a frame of wooden beams and can be used in the construction of industrial, civil, agricultural and storage facilities, namely, to a frame of such a structure.

Experts say that domed houses with a wooden frame and cladding are ideal for Russia, which has a rather harsh climate. This structure, which does not have load-bearing walls, has unique power and stability; geometric symmetry of the shapes increases the strength of the structure.

The main advantages of the domed house:

- the sphere is the best shape of the house under wind and snow loads;

- the sphere has the largest volume with the smallest surface area;

- minimal material consumption, labor and time to create a sphere.

A round house in terms of plan gives the following savings:

- 20% - on the use of building materials in construction;

- 40% - on construction works;

- 60% - in operation.

The design is very reliable and durable, as it "keeps itself", and the load on the material is minimal. The strength of wood under static bending is intermediate in size between the tensile and compressive strength along the fibers and can be assumed to be about 900 kg / cm ² on average for different species. If the compressive strength along the fibers is taken as unity, the static bending strength will be about 2 times higher, and the tensile strength along the fibers will be 2.7 times higher.

The dome-shaped building structure is described, for example, in US patents No. 4686801, IPC 7 EVB 7/10, EV 1/32, 1987, and No. 5170599, IPC 7 EVB 7/10, 1/04 1/32, 1992 and application EP-0773331 A, IPC 7 EB04 1/32, 1997

Known dome cover containing meridional arched elements (ribs), fixed at one end pivotally to the Central support contour, and the other to the support elements installed around the perimeter of the coating. The meridional arched elements are made of composite articulated parts. (bearing elements). At the junctions of these parts, horizontal annular bearing cables were skipped (analogue - auth. St. USSR No. 953130; IPC 5 ЕВВ 7/08, 1982).

The disadvantage of this design of the dome cover is the relatively low stiffness of the cable-stayed ring system under conditions of asymmetric horizontal loads. This leads to the fact that the design has a low bearing capacity.

A ribbed dome is also known, comprising lower and ridge support rings connected to them and having wood-glued radial ribs on their heads, one ends of which are pivotally attached to the lower support ring, and runs. Opposite edges of the dome are combined in double-hinged arches or frames (analogue - auth. St. USSR No. 1106880; MKP 5 Е04В 1/32, Е04В 7/08, 1984). In this design, an invariable cross system of ribs is formed, and the ridge ring is part of the arch and accepts part of the bending load.

A disadvantage of the known ribbed dome is the high material consumption.

Known ribbed dome containing composite meridional arched ribs made of articulated interconnected load-bearing elements, articulated with their upper ends to the Central support element, and lower to the support elements of the base, evenly spaced around the perimeter of the dome. The dome is equipped with horizontal annular bearing elements fixed to the meridional arched ribs at the joints of the supporting elements forming them. The dome is equipped with additional stiffeners. The annular bearing elements are made of rigid runs, forming rigid trapezoidal and upper triangular sections in each of the dome sectors with bearing elements of meridional arched ribs. Additional stiffeners are staggered in the trapezoidal sections of the dome and are each made in the form of a quadrangle of rods rigidly fixed with vertices in the middle of the supporting elements forming the sides of the trapezoid. All bearing and additional stiffeners are made of wood. The bearing elements of the meridional arched ribs are made of the same length (see patent RU No. 2298618, IPC EV04/08, EV 1/32 (2106.01), 2007).

The design disadvantage is the high material consumption and installation complexity.

A prefabricated frame-type structure is known that comprises a support part in the form of a pallet, including a pallet frame with pallet panels mounted on it and at least one pallet panel for installing a door, and a dome top part including a dome frame with dome panels fixed on it and at least one panel for installing the door, characterized in that the dome panel is made in the form of spherical triangular sections; panels of the pallet are made in the form of horizontal triangular sections with a vertical quadrangular convex wall, while all of the above elements are made of fiberglass reinforced plastic. The prefabricated frame structure of the elongated structure described in the patent (see Example 2) includes an oval support part and an upper part in the form of a central half cylinder and two half domes from its ends. This decision refers to the presence of the frame, but its design is not described. (analogue - patent RU No. 151001 of 07/28/2011).

The disadvantage of this solution is the use of fiberglass reinforced plastic, which is undesirable for residential premises

A domed structure is known which is non-circular in plan and formed of a plurality of panels with substantially straight edges. Each of the edges passes between the corresponding pair of points on the imaginary shell of the structure. These points are located in selected from a variety of horizontal levels in the structure and in each of the indicated levels, not all indicated points lie on a common circle. For each set of three adjacent indicated points spaced apart in the horizontal direction, the following conditions are fulfilled: the indicated points or

- (a) all three have the same radii from a point in the same plane, or

- (b) two adjacent points of three points are located at a first equal radial distance from a point in the indicated plane called the installation point, and the remaining point is at the same distance as the adjacent point from the specified set, from a point in the radius from the specified installation point to a specified adjacent point or from a point on the formation, beyond the specified installation point, the last mentioned radius. (see RF patent №2259448, IPC ЕВВ 1/32 (2000/01), 2005)

The disadvantage of this solution is the unreasonable complexity of the design, while there is insufficient evidence to increase the rigidity of the structure.

A frame-type structure (dome) is known that contains composite meridional arched ribs made of elements joined at the angles to one another, the dome lining rigidly fastened to the frame, while the meridional arched ribs are fastened to the upper ends with a central supporting element and the lower ends to supporting element of the base and are evenly spaced around the perimeter of the dome, horizontal runs are fastened with meridional arched ribs, all the elements of the dome frame are made of wood, characterized in that the joined elements of the arched ribs are overlapped along the cut ends and fastened with nails, the ends of the horizontal runs are put on the free ends, the central supporting element is made in the form of a disk, and the lower tier of the horizontal runs is worn on the nails installed in the holes of the lower elements of the meridional arched ribs (see RF patent No. 2627800, IPC ЕВВ 1/32 (2000.01), 2017).

Mostly domed structures are essentially circular in plan and have axial symmetry around a vertical central axis. This form is chosen for reasons of increased strength and stability, but, of course, there are circumstances in which the circular in plan shape is not ideal for use. For example, if you want the dome to cover a rectangular structure or just a non-circular structure, or if it is desirable to make the use of a rectangular construction site more efficient, if you build on it or fit many similar structures closer to each other without losing space or put along the walls of the frame home furniture or home appliances, having in plan a predominantly rectangular shape. The circular shape of the standard domed structure in plan provides the rigidity and stability of such structures and deviation from the traditional round configuration of domed structures, as a rule, leads to a loss of rigidity and stability.

A technical problem that can be solved by using the invention is the creation of a framework for a domed structure, which is non-circular in plan, while maintaining the increased rigidity and stability inherent in domed structures.

The technical problem posed is solved due to the fact that a framework non-circular in plan for a domed structure is developed, containing two half-domes interconnected by means of an upper central horizontal beam, half-domes are assembled from composite meridional arched ribs made of elements joined at the ends at an angle to each other; the meridional arched ribs are evenly spaced around the perimeter of each of the half domes and are fastened with their upper ends to the corresponding central support element, lower - with the support element of the base, and fastened together by horizontal runs; the upper central horizontal beam is connected to the upper central supporting elements of the two half-domes, made in the form of half-disks and serves as a support for additional composite arched ribs, fastened by horizontal girders and forming side frame structures.

At the ends of the upper horizontal beam, grooves are made for connection with the central supporting elements of the semi-domes.

The sides of the base of the frame in the plan are made in the form of straight lines connecting the opposite semicircles of the bases of the semi-domes.

The joined elements of the arched ribs are overlapped at the cut ends and fastened with pins, on the free ends of which the ends of the horizontal runs are worn.

The technical result achieved by using all the essential features of the claimed invention is to reduce the complexity of assembling the frame for a domed structure, non-circular in plan, while ensuring the necessary strength and reliability of the frame structure and ensuring sufficient load-bearing capacity even with an uneven load distribution acting on the surface of the domed structure built using the inventive frame.

Making the base of the frame non-circular in plan, and the frame made up of two half-domes interconnected by means of an upper central horizontal beam connecting the upper half-discs of the central supporting elements of the two half-domes, reduces the complexity of assembling structures of a frame type of non-circular shape in plan, while ensuring the necessary strength and reliability of the structure frame-type structures and providing sufficient load-bearing capacity even with uneven load distribution acting to the surface of a domed structure built using the inventive frame.

The presence of the upper central horizontal beam, which serves as a support for additional composite arched ribs, fastened with horizontal girders and forming the side structure of the frame, while reducing the complexity of the assembly, provides the necessary strength, reliability and sufficient load-bearing capacity of the frame even with an uneven distribution of the dome-shaped structure built from using the inventive frame.

The presence of two half-domes assembled from composite meridional arched ribs made of elements joined together by ends at an angle to each other, in which the meridional arched ribs are evenly spaced along the perimeter of each of the half-domes and fastened with their upper ends with the corresponding central supporting element, lower ones with the supporting element of the base and are fastened together by means of horizontal runs, which, while reducing the labor intensity of the assembly, makes it possible to increase strength and reliability and provide a sufficient load-bearing The ability frame even when the uneven distribution of current on the surface of the dome-shaped structures constructed using the claimed frame.

FIG. 1 - a general view of the frame;

FIG. 2 is a general view of a non-circular frame in plan with partially sheathed openings;

FIG. 3 - connection node of the upper central horizontal beam with half-disks of the central supporting elements of two half-domes;

FIG. 4 - elements of meridional and additional arched ribs (lower, middle, upper);

FIG. 5 - node connecting the elements of arched ribs and horizontal runs;

FIG. 6 - the base of the frame is non-circular in plan for a domed structure.

In the drawings, the positions indicated:

- meridional arched ribs 1-1, additional arched ribs 1-2,

- elements of arched ribs 2, 2-1, 2-2, 2-n,

- cladding 3 of the domed structure of the frame type,

- central supporting elements 4-1, 4-2 of the upper part of the half-domes, made in the form of half-disks,

- supporting element 5 of the base,

- horizontal runs 6,

- dowel 7,

- upper central horizontal beam 8.

From the theory of “Resistance of materials” it is known that with a vertical arrangement of connection nodes (for example, for rafters), the main load is perceived by its external, peripheral part. The connection of the elements of the meridional arched ribs with an overlap along the cut ends with protrusions and depressions made on the ends, reciprocal depressions and protrusions made along a curved line on the displaced end faces, allows to prevent rotation of the connected elements relative to each other, which increases the strength and reliability of the connection, as well as simplifies the assembly of the elements of the arched ribs of the half-domes of the frame for a dome-shaped structure, non-circular in plan.

The connection of horizontal runs with elements of arched ribs through pins, on the free ends of which the ends of horizontal runs are worn, the connection of central horizontal beams with the corresponding upper and lower half-disks of the central supporting elements of two half-domes, uniting the half-domes in the frame for a domed structure, non-circular in plan, greatly simplifies assembly the entire frame and at the same time provides increased structural rigidity. Such a connection provides the formation of annular bearing belts and supporting central points in the frame for a domed structure, non-circular in plan, increasing structural rigidity, perceiving normal forces arising in them during the general operation of the frame type structure constructed using the inventive frame. At the same time, the presence of several such belts along the height of the frame for a domed structure, non-circular in plan, provides its rigidity. Precise manufacturing of arched rib elements ensures ease of frame assembly and tight convergence of meridional arched rib elements and face planes at the vertices.

Elements of 2 arched ribs 1-1, 1-2, horizontal girders 6, connecting elements - pins 7, upper central supporting elements 4-1, 4-2, upper central horizontal beam 8, forming a whole frame for a domed structure, non-circular in plan made of wood.

The inventive framework for a domed structure, non-circular in plan, consists of two half-domes 9-1, 9-2, each of which contains uniform meridional arched ribs 1-1 evenly spaced along the perimeter of the corresponding half-dome, made of joined ends 10 at an angle to each other elements 2 (see Fig. 1, 2). Two half-domes 9-1, 9-2 are interconnected by means of an upper central horizontal beam 8, which receives the upper central supporting elements 4-1, 4-2 of the half-domes (see Figs. 1, 3), made in the form of half-disks. The upper central horizontal beam 8 serves as a support for additional composite arched ribs 1-2, fastened by horizontal girders 6 and forming side structures 11 of the frame (see Fig. 1, 2).

The length of the elements 2 of the meridional arched ribs 1-1 and additional arched ribs 1-2 of each tier of each half dome 9-1, 9-2 and each tier of the side structures 11 of the frame is the same. The joined elements 2 of the meridional arched ribs 1-1 and additional arched ribs 1-2 are overlapped along the cut ends 10 and fastened with pins 7 (see Fig. 5). The cut ends 10 of the elements 2 of the arched ribs 1-1 and additional arched ribs 1-2 have protrusions 12 and depressions 13, made along a curved line and responding to the depressions 14 and protrusions 15, made on the offset end faces 16 of each of the connected elements 2. Response protrusions 15 and depressions 14 are also made along a curved line (see Fig. 4, 5).

The pins 7 are located in the central zone of the connection of the elements 2.

At the upper ends of the 17 elements are 2-n meridional arched ribs 1-1 of the upper tier of each half dome 9-1. 9-2, grooves are made (see Fig. 4), which serve to install the central supporting elements 4-1, 4-2, made in the form of half-disks.

The lower ends of the 18 elements 2-1 meridional arched ribs 1-1 and additional arched ribs 1-2 of the lower tier of each

half dome and side frame structures 11 are connected to supporting elements 5 of the base. The base of the frame is oval in plan. The lateral sides 19 of the base of the frame in the plan are made in the form of straight lines connecting the opposite semicircles of the bases of the semi-domes 9-1, 9-2 (see Fig. 6).

Supporting elements 5 of the base can be made in the form of piles, strip or monolithic foundations and other types of foundations. At the opposite ends of each element 2 of all meridional arched ribs 1-1 and additional arched ribs 1-2, holes 20 are made in which the pins 7 are installed (see Fig. 4, 5).

The horizontal runs 6 are bonded to the meridional arched ribs 1-1 and with additional arched ribs 1-2 by the fact that the ends 21 of each horizontal run 6 are grooves that are worn on the free ends of the nails 7.

Horizontal runs 6 are located on both sides of each of the meridional arched ribs 1-1 and additional arched ribs 1-2 so that they form concentrically arranged ovals (see Figs. 1, 2, 5).

The dowel 7 is located in the Central zone of the node connecting the elements 2 and is installed in the holes 20 made in the corresponding zone of the cut end parts of the elements 2. The holes are arranged so that when connecting the elements 2 into the node, the protrusions 12 and the trough 13 of the ends 10, of each element 2 coincided with the corresponding cavity 14 and the protrusion 15 of the offset end faces 16 of another element.

As a Nagel material, it is possible, as an option, to use beech wood with a moisture content below the moisture content of the spliced sections. Reaching operational humidity (absorbing moisture from neighboring elements), the plug swells, eliminating gaps in the connection, thereby increasing the strength of the joint.

The upper central horizontal beam 8 can be made integral or composite, consisting of four elements 8-1, 8-2, 8-3, 8-4, connected by a bolt 7, which serves as a support for the elements 2-n additional arched ribs 1-2 (see FIG. 3). In the case when the upper central horizontal beam 8 is made integral, a dowel 7 is installed in its central zone for the same purpose. The upper central horizontal beam 8 connects the upper central supporting elements 4-1, 4-2, made in the form of half-disks, two half-domes 9-1, 9-2. The upper central horizontal beam 8 serves as a support for additional composite arched ribs 1-2, fastened by horizontal girders 6 and forming side structures 11 of the frame. (see Fig. 1, 2).

The assembly of a non-circular frame in terms of a domed structure is carried out from the lower tier.

The base support elements 5 are preliminarily prepared, for example, in the form of piles, strip or monolithic foundations and other types of foundations.

Set the elements 2-1 of the lower tier of the meridional arched ribs 1-1 and additional arched ribs 1-2 and fasten them with the supporting elements 5. Into the holes made in the lower ends 18 of each element 2-1 of the meridional arched ribs 1-1 and additional arched ribs 1-2 of the lower tier of the frame, set the pins 7. On the free ends of the pins 7 put on the grooves the lower tier of the horizontal runs 6, fastening them to the lower tier of the meridional arched ribs 1-1 and additional arched ribs 1-2.

Next, alternately connecting the elements 2 into a knot (see Fig. 5) with the formation of the first tier of the meridional arched ribs 1-1 and additional arched ribs 1-2 of a non-circular frame in plan for a domed structure:

1. In the hole of the cut end 10 of each of the installed lower elements 2-1 of the lower tier of the frame, a nail 7 is driven.

2. Through the hole made in the cut end 10 of each of the elements 2-2, this element of the second tier is mounted on the dowel 7, turning it with the cut end 10 to the element 2-1 of the first tier.

3. Using a wooden hammer, they achieve a tight fit of the elements relative to each other, obtaining a connection of the elements 2 overlap.

4. When assembling, the protrusions 12 and the depressions 13 are made along the curved line of the cut end 10 of the elements 2-1, 2-2 of the meridional arched ribs with the reciprocal depressions 14 and the protrusions 15 made on the offset end faces 16 of each of the connected elements 2 (see Fig. 4).

After assembling elements of adjacent meridional arched ribs 1-1 into the assembly, horizontal runs 6 are put on the free ends of the dowels 7 with grooves 6 made at the ends 21. Thus, each subsequent tier of horizontal runs 6 is assembled, fastening them to this erected tier of meridional arched ribs 1-1 and additional arched ribs 1-2 (see Fig. 1, 5). Similarly, the assembly of the side structures of the frame.

After the assembly of the tier is completed, three sections of this tier of the non-circular frame in the plan for the domed structure are sewn up with lining 3.

Consistently collect all the tiers of the non-circular frame in terms of a domed structure. When assembling, to increase the stability of the frame, it is necessary to sheathe at least three sections of each tier, and then assemble the next one.

The sequence of assembly of the upper tier:

1. Connect the opposite 2-n elements to the assembly as described above.

2. Assemble the following two opposite elements 2-n, located at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the assembled ones, and repeat operation 2 described above.

3. Consistently collect in nodes all the elements of 2-n meridional arched ribs 1-1 of half domes and additional arched ribs of 1-2 side structures 11.

4. Install the upper central horizontal beam 8 assembled with the central supporting elements 4-1, 4-2 (see Fig. 3). The central supporting elements 4-1, 4-2, made in the form of half disks, are connected in series with each element of 2-n meridional arched ribs 1-1 of the upper tier of each of the half domes 9-1, 9-2. To connect with the Central supporting elements 4-1, 4-2 at the upper ends of the 17 elements 2-n meridional arched ribs 1-1 of the upper tier grooves 22 are made.

With the dowels 7 installed in the upper central horizontal beam 8, the upper ends 17 of each element 2-n of additional arched ribs 1-2 are connected.

5. On the free ends of the dowels of the 7 connection nodes of the elements 2 of the meridional arched ribs 1-1 and additional arched ribs 1-2 of the upper tier, groove the last tier of horizontal runs 6, fastening them with the upper tier of the meridional arched ribs 1-1 and additional arched ribs 1 -2.

If necessary, for example, the construction of a multi-story prefabricated frame-type structure, it is possible to strengthen the joining places of the beams by known methods: overlays, corners, screws and so on.

After assembling the framework non-circular in plan for a domed structure, all sections of the framework are sewn up with sheathing 3 in accordance with the layout, leaving free sections for windows and doors and get a domed structure.

When testing the frame non-circular in plan for a domed structure made in accordance with the claimed invention, the following technical result was obtained:

- increases the rigidity and reliability of the assembled frame non-circular in plan for a domed structure, and accordingly, a domed structure of a frame type while simplifying and speeding up the assembly.

No points of damage to the wooden elements by metal fasteners are formed, causing putrefactive processes in the wooden elements under the influence of weather conditions.

The manufacture of the elements of the inventive framework non-circular in plan for a domed structure, can be carried out using well-known woodworking equipment.

The claimed invention can be used in the construction of houses, roofing, baths, dome structures, etc.

This utility model allows to obtain elongated frameworks non-circular in plan for domed structures, which do not need to have additional supports, for example vaulted structures, while the rigidity and strength of the structure meets the requirements for structures of this type and far exceeds them.

Claims (4)

1. The frame is non-circular in plan for a domed structure, containing two half-domes interconnected by means of an upper central horizontal beam, the half-dome is assembled from composite meridional arched ribs made of elements joined at the angles to each other; the meridional arched ribs are evenly spaced around the perimeter of each of the half domes and are fastened with their upper ends to the corresponding central support element, lower - with the support element of the base, and fastened together by horizontal runs; the upper central horizontal beam is connected to the upper central supporting elements of the two half-domes, made in the form of half-disks and serves as a support for additional composite arched ribs, fastened by horizontal girders and forming side frame structures. 2. The frame according to claim 1, characterized in that at the ends of the upper horizontal beam grooves are made for connection with the central supporting elements of the semi-domes. 3. The frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the joined elements of the arched ribs are overlapped at the cut ends and fastened with pins, the ends of the horizontal runs are put on the free ends of which. 4. The frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the sides of the base of the frame in the plan are made in the form of straight lines connecting the opposite semicircles of the bases of the half domes.

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