RU2627564C2 - Device for weaning young animals from mothers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device for weaning young animals from mothers includes a corral divided by a partition into two sections. One section is equipped with feeding troughs. The partition is made of bars, freely fixed with lumens on the side racks by means of staples. The soil level in the section with the feeding troughs near the partition below the soil level in the section without feeding troughs.

EFFECT: increasing labour productivity in the absence of injuries to animals and personnel.

2 cl, 3 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to antler reindeer husbandry and can be used for weaning young animals from the mother in the formation of herds and for sorting antler deer.

Sorting yards are known, which are 4-5 pens with a bypass gate system used to sort adult animals, as well as to excommunicate young animals from their mother (see Antler reindeer husbandry, M., Kolos, 1994, pp. 41-42 )

The use of this system of corrals is associated with high material costs, low labor productivity and high injuries of both animals and staff.

Center yards are known, which are a single system of pens, where a group of queens with calves is driven out of the enclosure. Beating maral is carried out by working brigades on horses, separating the calf from the female at the moment of their movement along the hedge of the corral. So, approaching (or approaching) a close distance to the females, one of them is driven away. When running away, the female (red deer or deer) takes the calf along with it. The staff blocks the calf’s path, and the female continues to move and runs into the gates of one of the corrals, and the calf is sent to the other (see “Progressive Antler Reindeer Herding System in Altai,” Novosibirsk, 1987, pp. 71-72).

However, the known devices in the form of a center yard system are characterized by low labor productivity (7 goals per 1 person per hour), a high stress situation, which further affects the productivity of the industry, and high injuries.

It is necessary to develop a device for weaning young animals from their mother, and providing the possibility of its use for sorting adult animals during the formation of herds, devoid of the abovementioned shortcomings that currently exist in center yards, avoiding as little physical abuse of the animal as possible.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the device for weaning the young from the mother includes a corral divided by a partition into two sections, one of which is equipped with feeders, the partition being made of beams that are freely secured with gaps on the side posts using brackets, and the soil level in the section with feeders near the partition below the soil level in the section without feeders for 30-50 cm for 2-3 meters from the partition.

The essence of the claimed invention lies in the fact that the design features of the claimed device, along with the semi-wild disposition of the deer, provide weaning of the young from the mother with virtually no intervention from the staff, significantly reducing stress, with high productivity and the absence of injuries to animals and staff.

In FIG. 1 is a general view of the device, in FIG. 2 is a section along AA, in FIG. 3 - side rack with brackets for the bars when assembling the partition.

The device includes a pen 1, divided by a partition 2 into a settling section 3 and a section 4 with feeders 5. The partition 22 is assembled from beams 6, freely fixed with gaps on the side posts 7 in brackets 8. The soil level near the partition 2 (for 2-3 m from it) from the side of section 4 below the soil level from the side of section 3 by 30-50 cm.

To ensure optimal design parameters of the device under development, studies were conducted to identify a safe maximum jump height for red deer, European and sika deer.

Studies have shown that the maximum safe height in a jump was at a level: for deer up to 2 meters, for European deer up to 1.7 meters, for sika deer 1.5 meters. The experiment involved adult sex and age groups of animals.

Weaning young deer from mothers when using the claimed device is as follows. Beating of young animals from queens in antler reindeer husbandry is carried out from November 10 to 20, that is, after the rut, when the calves are 5-6 months old, at the same time, in order to avoid adverse environmental conditions in the fall, it is recommended to separate the calves from the queens before the rut: deer from September 1 to 10, deer from September 20 to 30. Weaning technology is shown by the example of a group of deer. When completing the herd for joint maintenance, the uterus with weaned calves can also enter the herd. A group of animals of this composition is driven into section 3. At this time, in section 4 with feeders and drinking bowls there should be animals freely walking around the feeders.

Partition 2 is set to a height of 1.7 or 1.8 meters, which provides a 100% chance for maral to overcome partition 2. Animals located in section 3, through the openings of partition 2, see animals in section 4 and freely walking around the feeders, tend to to overcome the partition 2, being half-wild and accustomed to overcoming any obstacle that limits their free movement. After the first animals in the jump overcome the partition 2, the process of overcoming becomes more intense, and the calves remain in section 3 and then are distilled into the winter roads and accustomed to eating food for several days.

A lower level (20-50 cm) of soil near partition 2 from section 4 for 2-3 meters from partition 2 does not allow animals to jump back, increasing the height of the partition from section 4 by 30-50 cm.

Sometimes it is necessary to separate mixed herds consisting of a stock of deer and deer. In this case, the bar is set to a height inaccessible to deer, but easily overcome by deer - 1.9 meters.

Thus, the use of the claimed device for weaning young animals from mothers allows the free weaning process to be carried out while reducing: labor costs and injuries, with high labor productivity.

Claims (2)

1. A device for weaning the young from mothers, characterized in that it includes a pen divided by a partition into two sections, one of which is equipped with feeders, while the partition is made of beams, freely fixed with gaps on the side racks by means of brackets, and the soil level in sections with feeders near the partition below the soil level in sections without feeders. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the soil level in the section with feeders near the partition is lower than the soil level in the section without feeders by 30-50 cm for 2-3 meters from the partition.

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