RU2625176C1 - Biologically active fodder additive for broiler chickens - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: use of Melafen preparation with a concentration of 1⋅10^-5-1⋅10^-8% as a biologically active fodder additive for broiler chickens is proposed. The preparation is administered orally with water for drinking throughout the growing period.

EFFECT: Melafen preparation positively influences the growth rate of broiler chickens, contributes the increase of poultry weight gain, has a favorable effect on natural resistance and immunological reactivity, normalizes metabolic and regenerative processes, has a stimulating effect on protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism characterised by increased phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phagocytic capacity and phagocytic number.

3 cl, 5 dwg, 6 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to poultry farming, and can be used to organize biologically complete feeding and stimulate the productivity of broiler chickens.

In conditions of intensification of poultry meat production, it is necessary to pay special attention to the quality of feed, the state of the digestive organs, in particular the bacterial microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as various stress factors, among which feed occupy a special place.

A significant amount of feed additives for poultry has been described, allowing to balance the diet for protein, amino acids, vitamins and minerals, using plant, animal components, oils, vitamins, trace elements, as well as probiotics.

One of the ways to increase the productivity of animals and birds is the use of biologically active chemical compounds in the technology of feeding, which, in addition, help to improve feed conversion and have a low price.

The use of succinic and citric acids, as well as citric acid salts as a feed additive for broiler chickens at a dose of 15 mg / kg of live weight of the bird is proposed. The supplement provides a balanced intracellular metabolism, which stimulates the accumulation of proteins and fats in birds. The use of additives increases the average daily gain and safety by 3-4% compared with the control group [RU 2229823, publ. 06/10/2004].

To increase the weight gain of broiler chickens and reduce feed consumption, it was proposed to feed the chickens (from 10 days of life until the end of growing) compound feed with the addition of calcium gamma hydroxybutyrate 0.005-0.015% of the feed weight. The use of additives can increase the live weight of broiler chickens by 2.8-11.8% and reduce feed consumption for the growth of 1 kg of weight by 7.7-11.5% [RU 2054266, publ. 02.20.1996].

It is known to use tris-2-hydroxyethylammonium fumarate in an amount of 1-50 mg / kg live weight as a feed additive for broiler chickens. The additive increases the mass of chickens and the safety of the livestock [RU 2175842, publ. November 20, 2001].

Introduction to the diet of broiler chickens of a biologically active additive - phosphoric acid salt of 2-amino-4-methylthio- (S-oxo-S-imino) butyric acid in an amount of 1-2 mg / kg live weight from a week to the end of slaughter helps to improve quality of feed and can reduce its consumption per unit of output [RU 2161893, publ. 01/20/2001].

Despite the large selection of known additives in poultry feed, the creation of new safe, inexpensive biologically active preparations is an urgent task.

The objective of the invention is to expand the range of biological active chemical compounds that stimulate metabolic processes in the body of broiler chickens, increase their productivity and are characterized by low cost and ease of use.

The technical result of the invention is the regulation of metabolic processes in the body of broiler chickens, characterized by the optimization of metabolism.

The problem is solved and the technical result is achieved by using the drug Melafen at a concentration of 1-10 ^-5 -1-10 ^-8 % as an additive in the feed of broiler chickens.

The drug Melafen is developed in IOFH im. A.E. Arbuzov KazSC RAS as a regulator of plant growth and development (Certificate on state registration of pesticide or agrochemical No. 2222 dated 08/16/2011), its growth-regulating properties are described for a significant number of crops (rye, triticale, winter and spring wheat and barley, rice, peas, fodder beans, corn; fodder grasses - millet fodder, Sudan grass, spring rape) and are protected by a number of patents [RU 2158735, publ. 11/10/2000; RU 2354105, publ. 05/10/2009; RU 2354106, publ. 05/10/2009; RU 2390984, publ. 06/10/2010; RU 2596140, publ. 08/27/2016]. Also described and protected by RF patents for the invention of the use of the drug Melafen in biotechnology [RU 2297777, publ. 04/27/2007; RU 2323972, publ. 05/10/2008; RU 2355488, publ. 05/20/2009; RU 2445275, publ. 03/20/2012; RU 2538859, publ. 01/10/2015]. Melafen is a melamine salt of bis (hydroxymethyl) -phosphinic acid of the following formula:

The drug Melafen has a wide range of biological activity. It was established that the activity of the drug depends on the concentration of its solutions, namely on the type of supramolecular systems formed with the participation of water. At some concentrations Melafen stimulates cell growth, and in the concentration range where the formed supramolecular domains (1⋅10 ^-3 -1⋅10 ^-6 g / l), observed an inhibitory effect on biological systems.

Melafen does not have oral toxicity, acute inhalation toxicity and cumulative properties. It does not have an irritating and sensitizing effect on contact with the skin of an animal, it causes only a slight irritating effect on the mucous membrane of the eyes (lacrimation, hyperemia). The maximum permissible concentration in the air of the working area is 5.2 mg / m ³ . The drug has low toxicity - LD ₅₀ 2000 mg / kg in mice, 6000 mg / kg in rats, belongs to class IV - low-hazard substances. The use of Melafen as a feed additive for farm animals and birds is unknown.

Experimental studies were conducted by the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Health and Safety “FTsTRB-VNIVI” in April 2016 on broiler chickens of the cross “Habbard F15”, which were divided into 3 groups. The first group served as a biological control (group 1), second and third received orally together with water for watering Melafen drug solution in a concentration 1⋅10 ^-5% (Group 2) and 1⋅10 ^-7% (Group 3), respectively.

In June 2016 was separately conducted an experiment in which studied the effect of the drug at a concentration Melaphen 1⋅10 ^-8% on metabolism and productivity of broiler chickens, the study was carried out on broiler chickens cross «Habbard F15», divided into 2 groups, the first of which it was a biological control (group 4), and the second received orally with water for drinking a solution of the drug Melafen in a concentration of 1-10 ^-8 % (group 5).

Weight gain data are presented in table 1.

The data in table 1 illustrate that the introduction of Melafen into the diet of broiler chickens increases body weight gain and daily weight gain, in the groups receiving Melafen, live weight gain (group 2 - 2064 g, group 3 - 2060 g, group 5 - 1373 g) exceeds the control group (group 1 - 1989 g, group 4 - 1292 g), and the greatest growth rate seen with use of the drug concentration in Melafen 1⋅10 ^-8% - 6.3% compared to the control.

The administration of the drug Melafen in the indicated concentrations in the diet of broiler chickens does not adversely affect the hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood.

The morphological composition of the blood was studied on a Mythic 18 hematology analyzer, the data are shown in table 2. The data in the table indicate that in broiler chickens treated with Melafen, compared with the control groups, there is a slight increase in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit and volume increase red blood cell.

The biochemical parameters of the blood serum of broiler chickens are presented in table 3. The determination of total serum protein was carried out on an IRF-22 refractometer, and protein fractions were determined by the All and McCard method modified by S. Karpyuk. [Methods of veterinary clinical laboratory diagnostics. / I. Kondrakhin, A.V. Arkhipov, V.I. Levchenko, V.E. Novikov - M .: Kolos, 2004]. There was a slight increase in the total protein content in the blood serum of broiler chickens in groups 2 and 3 compared to the control, as well as changes in the percentage of individual protein fractions - an increase in the albumin content in the blood serum of broiler chickens of 2, 3 and 5 groups and a decrease in the number α- and β-globulins compared with the control. The concentration of γ-globulins in the experimental groups mainly did not change.

The immunobiological blood parameters of broiler chickens are shown in table 4. The level of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood was detected by spontaneous rosette formation with heterogeneous red blood cells (E-ROCK) [Basics of immunology. H. Fremel, J. Brock - 5th ed. - M .: Mir, 1986. - 254 p.], B-lymphocytes - by the method of EAC-outlets according to H. Freemal [Immunological methods / Fremel, X. // M .: Medicine, 1987. - 472 p.]. The phagocytic ability of neutrophils in peripheral blood was determined by the method [Determination of the phagocytic activity of leukocytes / S.A. Coast, M.I. Stenko // Clinical hematology of animals. M., 1974. - S. 99-100], the object of phagocytosis was the daily culture of Staphylococcus aureus. From table 4 it is seen that the background values of the studied blood parameters of the chickens of the experimental groups do not have significant differences, by the end of the experiment, these were noted, which is associated with age-related characteristics of the body and the stimulating effect of the claimed biologically active additives. Thus, the use of the drug Melafen in the diet of broiler chickens leads to an increase in comparison with the control of the phagocytic activity of neutrophils by 7.4%, 6.7% and 1.0% for groups 2, 3 and 5, respectively; phagocytic number by 17% and 6.7% for groups 2 and 3, respectively; phagocytic capacity by 28.9%, 28.6% and 4.2% for groups 2, 3 and 5, respectively. The content of T and B lymphocytes in the experimental groups remained in the normal range. Thus, the use of the drug Melafen in the indicated concentrations in feeding broiler chickens has a beneficial effect on the natural resistance and immunological reactivity, characterized by an increase in the phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phagocytic capacity and phagocytic number.

At the end of the experiment, five birds from each group were slaughtered to conduct comprehensive studies on the veterinary and sanitary examination of meat, which included organoleptic analysis, bacterioscopy of smear-prints and physicochemical research methods. Evaluation of the chemical composition and nutritional value of meat is one of the main criteria for its quality. Examination of the quality of meat samples was carried out in accordance with GOST R 52702-2006 “Chicken meat (carcasses of hens, chickens, broiler chickens and parts thereof). Technical conditions. " Organoleptic methods for the study of carcasses included the determination of fatness, smell, color, skin condition and skeletal system. Assessment of freshness and quality of meat was carried out in accordance with GOST R 51944-2002 "Poultry meat. Methods for the determination of organoleptic indicators, temperature and mass "and GOST 7702-74" Poultry meat. Methods of bacteriological analysis. " When determining the organoleptic characteristics of chicken meat, well-developed muscle tissue, light abrasions on the skin, single hemp and slight desquamation of the skin epidermis were noted, which is typical for meat of broiler chickens of the first grade of fatness. The meat had a good degree of exsanguination, a pale pink color, a dense texture. The broth during the cooking test from the meat of chickens of these groups turned out to be transparent, fragrant, with droplets of fat on the surface. The chemical analysis of the white and red muscle tissue of broiler chickens is presented in table 5. The results of the study showed that the meat of broiler carcasses of all groups receiving the test preparation, in chemical composition, is similar to the slaughter products of control birds. The protein content in the white and red muscle tissue in all groups did not significantly differ from that of the meat of the control birds. Similar data were also obtained in the determination of fat and ash in the carcasses of control and experimental broiler chickens. The calorie content of white and red meat of all experimental groups of birds was the same.

Physico-chemical characteristics of broiler chicken meat are shown in table 6. The ammonia and ammonium salts were determined by the formation of a color or precipitate when adding Nessler reagent [Veterinary and sanitary examination with the basics of technology and standardization of animal products. / S.F. Borovkov, V.P. Frolov, S.A. Serko - SPb .: Doe, 2010. - 480 p.]. The amount of volatile fatty acids was determined by displacing them from meat with sulfuric acid and subsequent distillation with acute water vapor and titration of the distillate with potassium hydroxide [Veterinary-sanitary examination with the basics of technology and standardization of animal products. / S.F. Borovkov, V.P. Frolov, S.A. Serko - SPb .: Doe, 2010. - 480 p.]. The pH of muscle tissue was set on a pH meter, the reaction to peroxidase was determined by a standard method [Veterinary-sanitary examination with the basics of technology and standardization of animal products. / S.F. Borovkov, V.P. Frolov, S.A. Serko - SPb .: Doe, 2010. - 480 p.]. The pH of the muscle tissue of the carcasses of experimental birds corresponded to fresh benign meat. The results obtained indicate that the meat of chickens of all groups has a characteristic shift to the acid side, justified by the activity of enzymes in the process of meat maturation. Peroxidase activity in meat is manifested in a slightly acidic reaction of the environment, which is preserved only in benign meat. According to the results of the study, peroxidase of muscle tissue of the carcasses of experimental chickens was positive and equally highly active. The concentration of volatile fatty acids in the meat of broiler chickens of all groups met the criteria of freshness and good quality. During bacterioscopy of fingerprints, only single cocci and rods were observed in the field of view, which indicates good meat quality and compliance with the requirements of the standard. Pathogenic microorganisms, including salmonella and listeria, were not isolated from the samples, which corresponds to the sanitary and hygienic requirements of food products.

The data obtained allow us to state that the introduction of Melafen into the diet of broiler chickens in the declared concentrations during the entire growing period does not negatively affect the quality of the meat - it had good organoleptic, physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics.

During histological studies of the internal organs of broiler chickens treated with the drug Melafen in the claimed concentrations, no changes in the histostructure were detected. For histological studies, the tissues of the liver, spleen, intestines, heart and lungs were taken from the killed animals. Paraffin filling was carried out according to the scheme of Volkova-Yeletskov [Fundamentals of histology with a histological technique. / O.V. Volkova, Yu.K. Yeletsky - M.: Medicine, 1982. - 304 p.]. Histological preparations were stained with hematoxylin-eosin according to Hansen [G. Merkulov / Course of histopathological technology. - L .: Medicine, 1969. - 423 p.].

To illustrate in Figures 1-5 shows photographs of histological preparations of different organs broiler chicken from group 5, received the drug at a concentration Melafen 1⋅10 ^-8%. Staining with Erlich hematoxylin, water eosin. Leica DM 1000 microscope with a magnification of 420 times.

The results of a histological examination show that the blood supply to the vessels of the internal organs is uneven. In the lungs, the structure is without features, the alveoli are unevenly expanded, erythrocytes are visible in the lumens of some bronchi (Fig. 1). Follicle-like formations without a reactive center are determined in the spleen, the cell density does not differ from the control (Fig. 2). In the wall of the small intestine, the structure is without features (Fig. 3). In the liver, the structure of the lobules is not expressed, which corresponds to the control (Fig. 4). In the heart, cardiomyocytes without features (Fig. 5). Thus, the use of the drug Melafen in the declared concentrations as a feed additive did not cause a violation of the structure of the organs of broiler chickens.

A new biologically active feed additive for broiler chickens has been proposed, expanding the range of well-known products, the melamine salt of bis (oxymethyl) phosphinic acid (Melafen preparation). The additive is administered orally to broiler chickens with water for drinking at a concentration of 1⋅10 ^-5 -1⋅10 ^-8 %.

The inclusion in the diet of broiler chickens as a feed additive of the drug Melafen in the claimed concentrations does not adversely affect the general condition and health of the birds, positively affects their growth rate, and contributes to an increase in the increase in bird mass by 3.6-6.3%. The drug Melafen does not adversely affect the hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of broiler chickens, and does not cause a violation of the histostructure of their organs. The use of the drug Melafen in feeding broiler chickens has a beneficial effect on natural resistance and immunological reactivity, normalizes metabolic and regenerative processes, has a stimulating effect on protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism, characterized by an increase in the phagocytic activity of neutrophils by 1.0-7.4%, phagocytic capacity by 4.2-28.9% and phagocytic number by 6.7-17.3%.

The introduction of the drug Melafen into the diet of broiler chickens during the entire growing period does not adversely affect the performance of slaughter products, analyzed to confirm good quality - the meat has good organoleptic, physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics.

The use of the inventive biologically active additives that stimulate metabolic processes in the body of broiler chickens and increase their productivity is economically advantageous due to the ease of use, the use of additives in very low concentrations and, accordingly, low prices.

Claims (3)

1. The use of the drug Melafen in a concentration of 1⋅10 ^-5 -1⋅10 ^-8 % as a biologically active feed additive for broiler chickens. 2. The use of the drug Melafen under item 1, characterized in that the drug Melafen is administered orally with water for drinking. 3. The use of the drug Melafen under item 1, characterized in that the drug Melafen is used throughout the growing period.

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