RU2624822C2 - Method of electric power supply and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used for different devices power supply, using electrochemical and/or capacitor storage batteries as primary energy sources. According to invention circuit is made, consisting of storage battery and energy reactive pulses generator with accumulator and switching element, secondary power supply source, wherein generator is using transformer as inductive energy storage unit, from output of which reactive power pulses are transmitted into accumulator through rectifier, wherein accumulator pumping duration is set by period and current interruption by switching element pulse ratio, and power, applied to load, is set by voltage value at output of secondary electric power source.

EFFECT: technical result is increase in storage battery working discharge duration.

9 cl, 5 dwg

Description

METHOD OF POWER SUPPLY AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used to power various devices using primary sources of energy, electrochemical and (or) capacitor banks.

Known US patent US7990110, priority from August 2, 2011, which describes a device containing a primary power source, inductance and a key for interrupting current in the inductance circuit. When the circuit is periodically opened, extra-current pulses occur, which charge the battery.

The explanatory diagrams show that a rechargeable battery of such a device cannot be used as a primary power source.

Patent RU2558693, priority dated February 6, 2013, disclosing a method for generating energy in an inductive energy storage device and putting it into a load, according to which through a series-connected inductive energy storage device, a primary power source and an electric circuit switch, pass the pump current of the inductive energy storage device and after reaching the current, is known. the pump of the set value opens the common circuit by the switch, and the pulse energy of the overcurrent of the trip is brought to the load, while to increase the ratio of the energy of the pulses ca extracurrent opening to the pumping energy of the current primary power supply operate an electrical circuit comprising resistance and inductance values such storage denominations for which the pulse duration of the pump current is less than the time constant of the inductive storage by a predetermined value.

In this method, the possibility of energy recovery to the primary source is not shown.

As a prototype, a power source containing an electrochemical current source (ECCH) is selected, including at least one cell with an anode and a cathode separated by an electrolyte, a shunt capacitor connected to the electrical output of the ECCP, a DC-DC converter with a key element, and a control unit and inductive energy storage, the input of the DC-DC converter is connected to the shunt capacitance, and the output is connected to the load, while the specified control unit is configured to implement the function of controlling the frequency of the switch eniya key element in the range of 5 kHz - 1 MHz, a specific impedance of the anode is 0.01 - 1.6 ohm-cm. In this case, the DC-DC converter contains a planar transformer, the primary winding of which is connected through a key element to the shunt capacitance, and the secondary winding is connected to an inductive energy storage device (patent RU2403657, priority of May 27, 2008).

In the prototype, as well as in the above counterparts, there is no possibility of efficient energy return from the inductive storage to the primary source.

The task of the invention is to increase the duration of the working discharge of an electrochemical or capacitor bank. The claimed invention provides a technical result, which consists in the fact that the pulse energy of the overcurrent opening is returned to the battery to recharge it, thereby reducing the cost of active energy at a constant load and, accordingly, increase the duration of operation.

The technical result is achieved by the proposed method of power supply, according to which a circuit is made consisting of a battery and a generator of reactive energy pulses with a key element, while the generator periodically interrupts the current with a key element, and the resulting reactive energy pulses are disposed of, and a secondary one is introduced between the battery and the generator of reactive pulses the power supply, which creates a unipolar voltage (constant or pulsed), feed them the load included with the aforementioned and a reactive pulse generator, at least one of the inductive energy storage devices is introduced into the latter, using a transformer, the primary winding of the latter is fed from a secondary power source, and the secondary winding is connected to a rectifier, from which reactive pulses are supplied with the corresponding polarity into the battery for recharging, and the required duration of the drive pump current is set by the repetition period and the interruption duty cycle of the current element, and the power applied to the load is set by the voltage value at the output of the secondary power source.

In this case, a second energy storage device is introduced into the jet pulse generator, which is used as a capacitor, which is connected in series or in parallel with the inductive storage.

This allows you to increase the energy of reactive pulses.

The power supply device contains an electrochemical and (or) capacitor current source (battery), a load, a reactive energy pulse generator, and further comprises a secondary power source, the input of which is connected to the battery and shunted by the capacitor, and the output is connected to the diode anode, the cathode which and the second output terminal are connected to the input of the load power circuit with a reactive energy pulse generator containing energy storage devices - in the form of a capacitor and inductive - in the form a transformer, and a key element, wherein said capacitor, a key element, the transformer primary winding form a local circuit with the possibility of discharging the storage capacitor through the primary winding, the transformer secondary winding connected to the rectifier, the positive output of which is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the negative output is connected to the negative terminal of the battery.

In this case, the positive output of the rectifier can be connected to the positive terminal of the battery through an additional diode - cathode to the positive terminal of the battery.

This solution allows you to improve the efficiency of the device, designed for high power.

In this case, a gas or vacuum spark gap can be used as a key element.

This simplifies the electrical circuit of the invention.

In this case, a semiconductor device can be used as a key element.

This solution expands the application of the claimed invention.

In this case, you can apply a key element of an unmanaged or managed type.

This extends the technological versatility of the device.

In this case, the primary winding of the transformer can be shunted by a diode - cathode to the plus of the power source.

In the present invention, this allows to extend the current in the winding and thereby further increase the energy of the reactive pulses in the secondary winding.

In this case, the secondary power source is made in the form of a DC-DC converter (constant voltage to constant).

This allows you to reduce the cost of production of devices using the invention.

Further, the present invention is explained in more detail with reference to the attached drawings, on which:

FIG. 1 is an electrical diagram of a device providing a power method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 - equivalent charge circuit of a capacitive storage;

FIG. 3 is an explanatory graph for the circuit of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an equivalent pump circuit of an inductive storage;

FIG. 5 is an explanatory graph for the circuit of FIG. 4.

Digital designations in the figures of the drawings: 1 - secondary power source; 2 - generator of reactive energy pulses; 3 - a key element; 4 - rectifier; 5 - positive power terminal of the generator 2; 6 - negative terminal of power supply of the generator 2.

Letter designations: B - the storage battery; C1 is a capacitor; D1-D3 - diodes; R _N - load resistance; C2 - capacitive energy storage; T - transformer; U is the voltage; U ₀ is the voltage at the output of source 1; U _C is the voltage at the capacitance C2; [U] is the average voltage; I is the current; I ₀ - maximum current in the inductive storage; [I] is the average current value; Δt ₁ , Δt ₂ - pulse duration; t _e - the duration of the exponent; W _C is the energy of the capacitor; W _L is the energy of the inductive storage; W _R - active energy (spent); k _C , k _L - efficiency factors; L is the inductance of the primary winding of the transformer T; R _L is the resistance of the primary winding of the transformer T; P is the power.

In the present invention, the type of key element 3 used is not critical. Conventionally, we assume that this is a gas spark gap. The secondary source 1 converts the voltage of the battery B to the value required by the consumer. At the output of source 1 there is a unipolar voltage - constant or pulse. This difference does not affect the principle of operation of the device. The voltage form is chosen by the customer. Conditionally can assume that the constant voltage U _0.

The device operates as follows. The battery B is connected, the capacitor C1 is charged, and the voltage U ₀ appears at the output of the source 1. Through the diode D1, the load R _{N, the} storage capacitor C2 is charged, while the spark gap 3 is in the open state. The charge occurs exponentially. After a time Δt ₁ , when the voltage on C2 reaches the value U _С , which is equal to the breakdown voltage of the spark gap 3, the capacitor C2 is discharged through the primary winding of the transformer T. In this case, the current I through the primary winding grows exponentially. After the time Δt _{2, the} spark gap 3 abruptly interrupts the current I. The typical time for breaking the circuit for most key devices is of the order of one microsecond. Due to its smallness in comparison with the duration Δt ₁ and Δt ₂ on the graphs it is not shown. The interruption of the current I leads to the appearance of a pulse of the extra-breaking current, which tends to maintain the previous direction. The shunt diode D2 increases the duration of the current in the primary winding of the transformer T and, accordingly, this leads to an increase in the energy of the induced pulse on the secondary winding. This winding is connected to a rectifier 4, at the output of which pulses of only one polarity appear, entering the battery B, while part of the active energy spent by the battery is compensated.

As a result, the duration of the battery discharge increases.

The circuit solutions of figure 1 in various embodiments are used in known devices: uninterruptible power supply units; voltage converters; generators, etc. But in known devices other modes of their operation are used. In the present invention, the values of the circuit elements and the operation mode are selected so as to obtain as high as possible the numerical values of the coefficients:

k _С = 2 (R _Н ) ⋅ (С2) / Δt ₁ (1)

k _L = 2L / (R _L ) ⋅ Δt ₂ (2)

Figure 3 shows a graph of the charge of the capacitor C2. The law of charge of the capacitor is exponential, nonlinear. The charge current I, having performed work on the active resistance R _N for a time Δt ₁ , is converted into electric field energy in the capacitor C2. In this case, the active energy (work) is equal to

W _R = [U] ² ⋅Δt ₁ / R _H , (3)

and the charge energy of capacitor C2 is equal to

W _C = C⋅ (U _C) ^2/2. (four)

The voltage drop [U] on the resistance R _N is the average value for a period of time Δt ₁ , while always fulfilling the condition:

Δt ₁ <t ^_e. (5)

With sufficient accuracy, we can take [U] = U _C / 2.

Dividing expression (4) by (3) we obtain relation (1) by which it is possible to select the numerical values of the circuit parameters in order to maximize the accumulation of reactive energy on capacitor C2.

Figure 5 shows a graph of the current I in the primary winding of the transformer T when the key element 3 is closed. The law of the current change is exponential, non-linear. At time Δt _{2, the} key element interrupts the current. Observations show the following result.

During the gap Δt _{2, the} current I, increasing to the maximum value of I _L , performed work on the active resistance of the winding and, at the same time, a portion of electromagnetic energy that can be used is stored in it. Perfect work equals

W _RL = [I] ² ⋅R _L ⋅Δt ₂ , (6)

with sufficient accuracy, we can take [I] = I _L / 2,

while always satisfying the condition: Δt ₂ <t _E , (7)

and the accumulated electromagnetic energy in the inductance L is

W _L = L⋅ (I _L) ^2/2. (8)

Dividing expression (8) by (6), we obtain relation (2) by which it is possible to select the numerical values of the circuit parameters in order to maximize the accumulation of reactive energy in the transformer T.

Relations for the coefficients (1) and (2) show that they do not depend on either the voltage value or the current value. The duration Δt ₁ and Δt _{2 of the} pump pulses of the reactive elements of the circuit depends on the frequency and duty cycle of the key. Reducing the pump time Δt increases the coefficients k, but this reduces the amount of energy and, accordingly, the useful power of the device. In the present invention, this problem is solved by increasing the voltage (and power P) of the secondary power source. This allows you to connect a powerful load at a given value of the coefficients (1) and (2).

In industrial AC networks, reactive energy "flows" from the consumer to the source and vice versa, heating the wires and windings. This phenomenon is considered harmful and is fought with it, increasing the power factor (cosϕ) of the consumer.

In the present invention, the energy source - the battery and the consumer of its energy are located in one place, so it is advantageous to increase the proportion of reactive energy so that it can be transformed and returned to the battery. This allows you to increase the battery discharge time at the same load.

The authors performed a series of experiments using a battery from a Zhiguli car, an industrial converter 12 - 220 volts, and loads - two incandescent lamps, each for 220 volts, 95 watts. The battery discharge voltage was compared for the same period of time. The result showed that without returning energy to the battery at its terminals, the voltage decreased 1.2 - 1.8 times more compared to when the energy was returned according to the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The power supply method, according to which a circuit is made consisting of a battery and a generator of reactive energy pulses with a key element, while the generator periodically interrupts the current with a key element, and the resulting reactive energy pulses are disposed of, characterized in that they are introduced between the battery and the generator of reactive pulses the secondary power supply, which creates a unipolar voltage (constant or pulsed), feed them the load included with the aforementioned reactive pulse generator moreover, at least one of the inductive-type energy storage devices is introduced into the latter, which is used as a transformer, while the primary winding of the latter is powered from a secondary power source, and the secondary winding is connected to a rectifier, from which reactive pulses are supplied with the corresponding polarity to the battery to recharge moreover, the required duration of the drive pump current is set by the repetition period and the duty cycle of current interruption by a key element, and the power applied to load, set the voltage at the output of the secondary power source. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a second energy storage device is introduced into the jet pulse generator, which is used as a capacitor, which is connected in series or in parallel with the inductive storage. 3. A power supply device containing an electrochemical and (or) capacitor current source (battery), a load, a reactive energy pulse generator, characterized in that it contains a secondary power source, the input of which is connected to the battery and shunted by a capacitor, and the output is connected to the anode by one output a diode, the cathode of which and the second output terminal are connected to the input of the load power circuit with a reactive energy pulse generator containing energy storage devices - in the form of a capacitor and inductive in the form of the transformer, and the key element, while the said capacitor, the key element, the primary winding of the transformer form a local circuit with the possibility of discharging the storage capacitor through the primary winding, the secondary winding of the transformer connected to the rectifier, the positive output of which is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the negative output is connected to the negative terminal of the battery. 4. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the positive output of the rectifier is connected to the positive terminal of the battery through an additional diode - cathode to the positive terminal of the battery. 5. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that a gas or vacuum spark gap is used as a key element. 6. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that a semiconductor device is used as a key element. 7. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the key element is used uncontrollable or controlled type. 8. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the primary winding of the transformer is shunted by a diode - cathode to the plus of the power source. 9. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the secondary power source is made in the form of a DC-DC converter (constant voltage to constant).

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