RU2624711C2 - Protective socks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: personal demand items.

SUBSTANCE: socks are provided with protective thickenings on the upper part of the foot and the front part of the leg, which completely cover the upper outer part of the foot, the ankle and the lower leg, forming a continuous protective zone. At that, the protective thickenings are predominantly formed by a plush weave, a complex elastomeric yarn is used as the ground thread, and cotton yarn or other yarn of natural or chemical fibers is used as a plush yarn. To protect the outside of the foot from critical mechanical influences, the upper part of the foot and the leg are additionally provided with a "dotty" polymer coating with certain dimensional parameters. The proposal is also different in that the lower part of the foot contains point projections formed by plush interlacing.

EFFECT: additional functions of massage effect, including during cosmonaut training on a simulator.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hosiery, mainly to the category of protective clothing from external mechanical influences and to ensure hygienic properties.

More specifically, the invention relates to hosiery, in particular, socks designed to protect the astronaut’s legs - the upper outer part of the foot (metatarsal and tarsal bones) and the anterior section of the ankle joint in the junction with the tibia, when operating in zero gravity International Space Station (ISS) and fixing the position of the astronaut due to the engagement of the outer surface of the foot with the faces of the metal bars, accompanied by shock and contact transverse interactions with a supporting surface, which causes discomfort and risks of injury.

Classical traditional hosiery is known, in particular socks of various lengths.

Typical design solutions create a certain mechanical and thermal comfort, as well as biological protection of the legs and climate control functions, providing moisture (sweat) removal from the inner surface of the toe when it comes in contact with the skin of the foot to the outer surface due to the hygroscopic properties of the fibers and knitted material or moisture removal based on convection heat and mass transfer. Socks are traditionally used in conjunction with shoes and, in most cases, are not suitable for individual use without shoes in domestic conditions and traditional employment.

The use of hosiery without shoes leads in some cases to the necessity of applying a polymer coating on hosiery, in particular on the lower part of the track, when creating anti-slip coatings and using various kinds of protective linings from other textile materials (fabrics, leather, etc.). Typical solutions are unsuitable for use in the ISS as a protective tool against external impacts.

) используют величину в виде отношения длины нити в петле (

) к корню квадратному из линейной плотности нити (

). В научной литературе используют характеристику застила (cover factor) или коэффициент плотности полотна (tightness factor) в виде показателя

или обратной величины, эквивалентной модулю петли (

). Для сложных комбинированных переплетений, платированных, плюшевых и др., ячейка которого состоит из двух и более петель различной длины, например грунтовой (

) и плюшевой (

), каждая из которых образована из нити различной линейной плотности (

,

) при расчете коэффициента заполнения

длину петли (

) относят к базовому переплетению (грунту), полагая

, а линейную плотность

определяют как приведенную к длине петли грунта по формуле

.As the main characteristic of knitted materials (knitwear), responsible for the design of physical and mechanical properties, in particular the protective functions of hosiery and knitwear, is the fill factor of the knitwear structural cell or loop module, as the ratio of the length of the thread in the loop to the thickness or linear density threads. For example, as a duty cycle (

) use the value in the form of the ratio of the length of the thread in the loop (

) to the square root of the linear density of the thread (

) In the scientific literature, a cover factor or tightness factor is used as an indicator

or inverse equivalent to the loop modulus (

) For complex combined weaves, plated, plush, etc., the cell of which consists of two or more loops of various lengths, for example, ground (

) and plush (

), each of which is formed from a thread of different linear density (

,

) when calculating the duty cycle

loop length (

) refer to the base weave (ground), assuming

, and linear density

determined as reduced to the length of the soil loop according to the formula

.

или

) и зависят от коэффициента заполнения трикотажа (

). Уменьшение значения

приводит к росту поверхностной плотности и улучшению основных физико-механических свойств трикотажных материалов.Numerous studies have established that geometric properties, including dimensions, material thickness, deformation properties, tensile and compression characteristics, etc. are determined primarily by the specific density of knitwear (dimensions

or

) and depend on the fill factor of knitwear (

) Decrease value

leads to an increase in surface density and an improvement in the basic physical and mechanical properties of knitted materials.

) и поверхностной плотности трикотажа в области контактного взаимодействия.Protective functions of socks: damping external loads, energy dissipation, reducing contact stresses, as well as reducing dynamic amplitude effects during the interaction of the outer surface of the foot with the edges of the fixing bars according to the invention is achieved mainly due to the new design of the product, the choice of a certain weave structure, linear density and type threads defined by duty cycle values (

) and the surface density of knitwear in the area of contact interaction.

The so-called “space socks” of a traditional design, made of environmentally friendly cotton, are used, which are used in space and provide biological protection of the legs, do not accumulate static electricity, do not dust (produced by the Smolensk knitwear factory). The disadvantage of socks is the low reliability of the mechanical protection of the outer foot due to the small thickness of the knitted material and low surface density (Certificate for thin socks A16.000.010 No. 103) (www.smolenskie.ru).

Also known are technical solutions [1] related to the creation of clothing, including hosiery, with zonal protective pads made of more durable material (fabric, leather), which are connected to the main material with a sewing seam or fasteners. The use of such products is unacceptable for operation in the ISS from the point of view of excessive weight gain, mechanical discomfort, costly transportation and operation.

Known technical solutions related to the coating of the lower part of the trace with a dot polymer coating in order to reduce the slip of the surface of the sock relative to the supporting surface and create higher protective properties of the material [2]. However, such technical solutions in their parameters do not protect the outer surface of the arch of the foot or the lower part of the lower leg.

Known socks [3], intended for use as an element of the wardrobe of clothes of astronauts, mainly used for everyday wear under normal conditions of short or long flight, including at low temperatures in the ship's cabin or station. Socks have a classic design, containing sections of the toe, trace, heel and pagolenka connected to the section of the elastic tensile rim, with a non-expanding edge to form a hole and put on the toe on the leg. Socks made of wool yarn.

The disadvantage of socks is their low strength, resistance to abrasion and poor fixation of fibers in the structure of the sock, which is a source of dust polluting the atmosphere in the ship's cabin or station. Also known from the same source are socks made of wool yarn mixed with natural and synthetic fibers. These socks have improved hygienic properties and increased wear resistance, however, they are also a source of dust and can cause some discomfort when using and wearing products in conditions of movement and placement at the workplace in the space station cabin. Socks do not have a protective function for external contact, including dynamic and shock impacts of the legs with the edges of metal bars.

Known socks for astronauts, which are knitted from natural silk twisted threads and physically modified polyamide complex twisted or textured threads with certain structural parameters [4], which provide improved hygienic and operational properties. The disadvantage of socks is the low protective properties against external mechanical stresses due to the limited surface density of the knitwear, the small thickness of the material, comparable with the thickness of the thread.

Protective socks or half-sleeves are known [5], the functions of which are to protect against impacts due to the presence of dense “protective zones” formed from thicker threads or the presence of “zonal thickenings” while increasing the elongation and shape stability on the track and pagolenka outside the protective zones due to the introduction into the structure of elastomeric filaments on the sides of the side, pagolenka and trace in the form of loops and connecting broaches connecting them with a length of at least two loop steps. According to the invention, protective “zonal thickenings” are formed in the form of sections of increased surface density, which exceeds the surface density of other sections of the half-hole, consisting only of soil loops. Zonal thickenings form on the anterior and posterior parts of the pagolenka and on the lower portion of the trace in the form of horizontal weft broaches made of low tensile thermoplastic yarns.

(или 15

) при вязании из хлопчатобумажной пряжи 50 текс в сочетании с эластомерной нитью (лайкра) 4,4 текс и защитные зоны, например, следа с поверхностной плотностью 210-225

(или 21,0–22,5

) за счет вязания более толстой по линейной суммарной плотности нити: из хлопчатобумажной пряжи 50 текс, лайкры 4,4 текс и добавлением синтетической нити 33,3 текс из полиэфирных или полипропиленовых волокон [5].For example, protective socks have a surface density of a base weave pagolenka 150

(or 15

) when knitting from cotton yarn 50 tex in combination with an elastomeric thread (lycra) 4.4 tex and protective zones, for example, trace with a surface density of 210-225

(or 21.0-22.5

) by knitting a thicker linear linear total density of the yarn: from cotton yarn 50 tex, lycra 4.4 tex and the addition of synthetic yarn 33.3 tex from polyester or polypropylene fibers [5].

In general, the known technical solution [5] according to the invention allows to increase the surface density of zonal thickenings by only 40-50%, creates risks of engaging weft broaches of the thread and destruction of the sock material and does not solve the problem of protecting the outer surface of the arch of the foot from mechanical influences that have place in the conditions of stay in the station’s cabin (ISS).

Socks [6] (accepted by us as a prototype) are also known, which relate mainly to use during active physical exertion, in particular, sports socks, which provide reduction of loads and absorption of external shocks (shock absorber) and provide climate control function when absorbing perspiration and transporting them into the environment.

The socks are made on the basis of a single weave, they contain a toe, a trace and a heel covering the foot of the foot, and a pagolenok covering the lower leg and calf muscle, as well as an elastic rim with the edges forming an opening for putting the toe on the foot, equipped with protective zone thickenings of knitted material formed partially on the upper part of the track and on the site of the pagolenka and the climate-regulating air channels located between them from the mesh, thinned knitted material and the use according to the invention [6] of special nyh kinds of yarns (CoolMax, Termastat et al.) for transporting the sweat into the environment.

To achieve protective and climate control functions in industry (X-Socks), such socks are made from a complex composition of fibers: wool (Wool) in combination with 6 types of special chemical threads (Nylon, Polypropylene, Acrylic, Elastan, Polyester, Metalized Nylon (Silver NODOR ™).

The disadvantages of the construction of socks [6] are that they do not provide complete protection of the sections of the forefoot (arches of the foot), the ankle joint and the lower part of the lower leg from mechanical influences with the edges of the bars in the conditions of work on the ISS. In addition, socks do not provide biological protection for human skin and the environment from harmful substances. This is due to the fact that the complex composition of chemical fibers does not allow for high reliability to control the safety of the use of such products in the ISS cockpit. In particular, due to the possibility of releasing harmful chemicals (formaldehyde, dimethyl terephthalate, acetaldehyde, etc.) when the product comes in contact with human skin and if such substances enter the environment. In addition, the use of socks with a high proportion of the content of chemical threads is associated with the possibility of static electricity.

The technical result of the present invention is to increase the protective functions of socks (socks) during transverse mechanical interactions of the outer part of the foot, the anterior region of the ankle joint and the lower part of the lower leg with the edges of the supporting bars or fixing devices in the space station’s cabin (ISS), protecting the environment and health astronaut, reducing electrification, reducing the mass of the product, as well as ensuring comfort, taking into account the possibility of using socks separately or in conjunction with shoes when performing physical exercises (on a treadmill, exercise bike, etc.) in conditions when mechanical interactions of the sole of the foot with the supporting surface occur.

Additionally, according to the invention, socks can be used as a means of preventive medicine and therapeutic procedures to perform acupressure of the feet and ankle joint during massage of one leg of the other.

According to the invention, it is further ensured that the toe surface of the foot and the narrowest part of the lower leg (ankle) are fully embeddable, which prevents slipping of the toe and wrinkling during foot movement without the need to increase compression pressure on the side of the rim, as well as the possibility of using the same size sock when actual anthropometric deviations of the size of the foot, leg area and the shape of the left and right feet. Full fit is a prerequisite for mechanical and thermal comfort.

The technical result according to the invention is achieved by the fact that the protective socks are formed on the basis of a single knitwear, are equipped with protective zonal thickenings of the knitted material, contain a toe, a trace and a heel covering the foot of the foot and the calf covering the lower leg. Socks also contain an elastic rim with the edges forming an opening for putting the sock on the foot. Pagolenok contains front and back, and the trace - lower and upper. The lower part is connected to the toe and heel and covers the sole of the foot, the upper - covers the outer part (or arch) of the foot and is connected to the toe and the anterior portion of the pagolenka.

According to the invention, the socks are provided with protective thickenings formed at least on the upper part of the track and the front of the pagolenka, which completely cover the upper outer part of the foot, ankle joint and lower part of the lower leg (ankle), forming a continuous protective zone. In this case, the protective thickening is mainly formed by plush weaving, a complex elastomeric thread is used as a ground thread, and cotton or other yarn from natural or chemical fibers with hygroscopic properties is used as plush thread.

, где

- длина нити в петле грунта (

), а

– приведенная к длине нити в петле грунта линейная плотность нитей (

), образующих плюшевое переплетение.Depending on the level of loads and the necessary protective properties of the socks, the fill factor of the knitwear formed by plush weaving is in the range of 0.28–0.55 and is determined by the formula

where

- the length of the thread in the loop of soil (

), but

- linear density of threads reduced to the length of the thread in the soil loop (

) forming a plush weave.

) составляет величину 0,45–0,55 для низкого уровня защиты; для среднего - 0,35–0,45 или ниже; более предпочтительно для высокого уровня защиты - в пределах 0,28–0,35.Depending on the "low", "medium" and "high" level of protection when implementing the present invention, the fill factor (

) is 0.45–0.55 for a low level of protection; for the average - 0.35–0.45 or lower; more preferably for a high level of protection in the range of 0.28-0.35.

и выше.In this case, an increase in the surface density of knitwear is achieved from 250 to 600 - 700

and higher.

, близким к предельному минимальному значению.To obtain a denser, homogeneous soil structure according to the invention, a relatively thin compared to plush thread is used as a complex elastomeric thread, a pneumocoupled linear density in the range of 10–20 tex, and a cotton linear density is not used as a teddy when knitting the upper part of the track and partially pagolenka less than 20 tex × 3 with a total linear density of not less than 60 tex. According to the invention, the central zone of the upper part of the track covering the arch of the foot most sensitive to mechanical influences is preferably knitted from a thicker thread 20 tex × 4 (80 tex) with a fill factor

close to the limiting minimum value.

To achieve a massage effect, the track section additionally contains point protrusions located horizontally along the loop rows and vertically along the loop columns, formed by plush weaving. These areas are knitted with a lower surface density, for example, with the formation of plush loops from a thread of 20 tex × 2, providing a reduction in the weight of the entire product.

The proposal does not exclude that the pattern of point protrusions in a certain way corresponds to reflexogenic “points” on the foot of the left and right foot. To ensure the necessary comfort when performing physical exercises, including shoes, the heel and toe sections are knitted with plush weave

To protect the outer part of the foot of the site and the lower part of the lower leg – ankle under intense and increased loads, the upper part of the track and partially the front part of the pagolenka are additionally provided with a point polymer coating in the form of protrusions, the application parameters of which cover the entire area in the horizontal direction along the looped rows and protect the upper part feet from transverse mechanical influences with the edge of the crossbars when moving and fixing the position of the astronaut in zero gravity. The high specific gravity and compactness of the upper part of the knitted material, for example, with a fill factor of 0.28–0.35 in the absence of macropores, increases the quality of the polymer coating, its compression characteristics, evenness of the coating in thickness and reduces the likelihood of tearing and destruction of the coating when tangential forces occur when interaction with the supporting surface.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

FIG. 1 - General view of the socks - protective toe, weave structure and sections of the toe (for understanding, the weave structure is shown more rare);

FIG. 2 - Drawing of the polymer coating and its geometric parameters;

FIG. 3 - View B of FIG. 2 illustrating a method for overlapping gaps (Δ) between protrusions in the direction of the loop rows;

FIG. 4 - View C of FIG. 2, explaining the presence of gaps (Δ) between the protrusions outside the zone of interaction with the face of the supporting surface.

Protective socks (socks) 1, formed on the basis of a single knitwear, equipped with protective zonal thickenings, according to the invention consist of a section of the toe 2, trace 3, heel 4 and pagolenka 5, contains an elastic section of the collar 6. The pagolenka section 5 contains a front section relative to the leg part 7 and back 8. Track 3 includes two parts - the lower 9, connected to the toe 2 and the heel 4, and the upper 10, covering the outer part of the foot, connected to the toe 2 by seam 11 (sewing or stitching) and from the front part 7 pagolenka 8 conventionally along line 12, coinciding with the beginning and end of knitting portion of the heel 4 in a known manner.

According to the invention, the sections of pagolenka 5 and trace 3 are knitted with a single plated weave, complex elastomeric yarn 14 is used as ground, and cotton yarn 15 or other yarn, preferably hygroscopic from natural or chemical fibers, is used as a binder, providing high hygienic properties of the material, its elastic deformation, fitting the foot and lower leg. For knitting soil weave, as an example, a complex pneumo-connected lycra thread or spandex 2.2 tex with a polyamide 7.8 tex with a total linear density of 10 tex is used.

As a yarn, cotton yarn with a linear density of 20 tex × 2 or other absorbent cotton, for example, of viscose fibers, is used.

To ensure the protective functions of the socks, at least on the upper part of the track 10 and the front part 13 of the pagolenka 5 (7), completely covering the area of the outer part of the foot, the ankle joint and the lower part of the lower leg (ankle), adjacent along the line 12 to the area 10, form a protective thickening, mainly by plush weaving with the formation of 14 ground loops from elastomeric threads 14 and plush - from threads 17 (Fig. 1).

As an elastomeric yarn, a complex elastomeric yarn of linear density 10 tex is used, and as plush yarn, cotton yarn of at least linear density 20 tex × 3 is used.

At the same time, a continuous thickened protective zone (“zonal thickening”) is formed with sections I, II and III: conditionally, zone I refers to the protection of the fingers, zone II refers to the bones and muscles of the foot, zone III refers to the protection of the ankle joint and lower part of the lower leg ( ankles).

In this case, it is preferable to form the central zone II of the upper part of trace 10, covering the arch of the foot, which is most sensitive to external influences, from a thicker knitted material, mainly with the formation of plush loops 17 of cotton yarn in 4 additions with a total linear density of 20 tex × 4.

Within the scope of the invention, it is possible that to ensure the comfort of the products when training on the simulator in shoes, the toe section 2 and the heel 4 are formed by plush weaving also from complex elastomeric yarn 14 to form soil with a total linear density of 10 tex and a plush cotton linear density of 20 tex × 2. At the same time, additional protection is provided for the tips of the toes. In the area of the lower part of track 9, on the seamy side, point protrusions are formed by plush weaving (the deposition pattern is shown by a dashed line, Fig. 1) without changing the threading with the formation of soil loops from 10 tex elastomeric thread, and plush and tiling from 20 tex × 2 threads. At the same time, conditions for acupressure of the feet are created when performing physical exercises or self-massage as a medical procedure.

Protective socks according to the invention are knitted on a standard single-loop round-loop machine, for example, f. Lonati (Italy), Hijecom (Korea), etc. with electronic control, individual selection of needles and thread guides and a change in the depth of "culling" in accordance with the specified length of the thread in the loops of soil and plush weave. Depending on the dimensional signs of the foot and lower leg, a machine with a certain number of needles is selected and a program for knitting sections with a predetermined weave with a certain number of loop rows in accordance with the length of the sections is drawn up.

The technology provides for the availability of special knowledge to ensure the manufacture of protective sections of socks with a high surface density of knitwear.

In particular, the technology provides for the preliminary production of knitwear samples with minimum and maximum values of the depth of culling, analysis of samples and tests to determine the length of the thread in the loop, fill factor and mass of the samples, which allows you to determine the law of regulation of the round-loop machine and the necessary performance characteristics of regulation of the length of the thread in the loop in the process of developing finished products [7, 8]. It is this technique that allows you to adjust and obtain a given value of the fill factor and density of knitted material in the area of the protective thickening.

с поверхностной плотностью полотна

(

), на участке II -

,

(

) по сравнению с участком паголенка 5 (области 7 и 8) платированного переплетения

,

(

). Как пример, для участка II защитной зоны - при длине нити в петле грунта

, в петле плюша

.After knitting protective socks and their relaxation, filling factors were obtained in the areas of the protective zone (Fig. 1) I and III -

with a surface density of the canvas

(

), in section II -

,

(

) in comparison with the site of pagolenka 5 (regions 7 and 8) of the paid weave

,

(

) As an example, for section II of the protection zone - with the length of the thread in the soil loop

in a plush loop

.

и поверхностной плотностью трикотажного материала в пределах

(

) обеспечивает значительное снижение контактных напряжений при внешних механических воздействиях. По сравнению с базовым платированным переплетением (участки 7, 8 и 9, фиг. 1) поверхностная плотность трикотажа защитных участков (I, II и III) носка в верхней части следа увеличивается более чем в 2 раза, а по сравнению с аналогами носков более чем в 3 раза [5].A zonal thickening of knitted material, continuously covering sections I, II, and III of the outer part of track 10 and partly pagolenka 13, mainly formed by plush weaving, consisting of complex 10 elastomeric yarn 10 tex (2.2 + 7.8) and cotton yarn consisting of 3 or 4 threads with a total linear density of 20 tex × 3 or 20 tex × 4, provides a material that is homogeneous in structure (unlike, for example, using one “thick” thread), preferably with a fill factor in the range

and the surface density of the knitted material within

(

) provides a significant reduction in contact stresses under external mechanical stress. Compared with the base plate weave (sections 7, 8 and 9, Fig. 1), the surface density of the knit of the protective sections (I, II, and III) of the sock in the upper part of the track increases by more than 2 times, and in comparison with similar socks more than 3 times [5].

как наиболее предпочтительного варианта, обеспечивается максимальная поверхностная плотность и защитные свойства трикотажного материала. При наличии ограничений по массе изделий и более низких требований к защитным свойствам возможно вязание изделий при изменении коэффициента заполнения

в пределах

или

.Without going beyond the scope of the invention, when choosing the fill factor of knitwear within

as the most preferred option, provides maximum surface density and protective properties of the knitted material. If there are restrictions on the mass of products and lower requirements for protective properties, it is possible to knit products with a change in the fill factor

within

or

.

, что характерно для промышленного производства трикотажа, существенно снижает массу изделий, увеличивает растяжимость и долю упругой деформации, улучшая облегаемость, комфорт и эксплуатационные свойства изделий.Knitting of the main sections of the product - pagolenka and trace with a plaited weave of thinner threads according to the total linear density with a fill factor

, which is typical for the industrial production of knitwear, significantly reduces the mass of products, increases the elongation and the proportion of elastic deformation, improving the fit, comfort and performance properties of the products.

To protect the outer part of the foot and partially the lower part of the lower leg – ankle under intense and increased loads, the upper part of the track 10 and the front of the pagolenka 13 in zones I, II and III (Fig. 1) are additionally coated with a polymer, in particular, silicone dot coating the known technology by the thermal printing method, which is used to form an anti-slip coating for hosiery on the lower portion of the trace [2].

The dot coating is formed in the form of protrusions 18 (Fig. 2, 3, 4) of a certain diameter and thickness, fixed to the soil surface of the loops 14.

When knitting the protective zone (zonal thickening) by plush weaving, a soft damping surface is formed on the wrong side, formed by plush loops 17, hygroscopic with significant moisture capacity, which prevents sweat removal to the external environment within the period of wear of the items on the ISS (usually 3-5 days).

и

(фиг. 2). Согласно изобретению для обеспечения защитных функций при взаимодействии носка 1 с гранью перекладин (на чертеже не показано), расположенных горизонтально по отношению к ноге, последующие ряды выступов 18 расположенные горизонтально, смещены относительно друг друга предпочтительно на половину шага при этом шаг расположения выступов по вертикали меньше двух диаметров выступов (

, где

– диаметр выступа, а

– шаг расположения выступов по вертикали).The protrusions are located horizontally along the loop rows and vertically along the loop columns with a certain step

and

(Fig. 2). According to the invention, in order to provide protective functions during the interaction of the toe 1 with the edge of the crossbeams (not shown in the drawing) located horizontally with respect to the leg, the subsequent rows of protrusions 18 are horizontally displaced relative to each other, preferably by half a step, with the vertical spacing of the protrusions two diameters of protrusions (

where

- the diameter of the protrusion, and

Is the vertical spacing of the protrusions).

(фиг. 2) зазоры смещаются на определенный угол

от горизонтальной плоскости (стрелки

) или располагаются вертикально (стрелки

). Наличие ориентированных неперекрываемых зон в направлении стрелок «

» и «

» (фиг. 2) предотвращает образование складок, обеспечивает возможность двухосной деформации трикотажа и не создает дискомфорт при надевании носка на ногу, в том числе при антропологических отклонениях размеров и формы стопы. При реализации технического решения были приняты параметры: диаметр выступов точечного покрытия

, шаг расположения выступов по горизонтали

, по вертикали

, величина перекрытия

. Толщина выступов регулируется режимом нанесения и термофиксацией покрытия в пределах

, зависит от упруго-пластических свойств трикотажного материала и силиконового покрытия, а также требований к защитным функциям носков.Under this condition, regardless of the absolute values of the parameters of the spot coating, there always appears an overlap of the gaps Δ between the protrusions in the horizontal direction along the loop rows (Fig. 3). Depending on the amount of overlap

(Fig. 2) the gaps are shifted by a certain angle

from the horizontal plane (arrows

) or are arranged vertically (arrows

) The presence of oriented non-overlapping zones in the direction of the arrows "

"And"

"(Fig. 2) prevents the formation of folds, provides the possibility of biaxial deformation of the knitwear and does not create discomfort when putting on the toe on the foot, including anthropological deviations in the size and shape of the foot. When implementing the technical solution, the following parameters were adopted: the diameter of the projections of the spot coating

, the horizontal spacing of the protrusions

, vertically

, overlap value

. The thickness of the protrusions is regulated by the application mode and heat setting of the coating within

, depends on the elastic-plastic properties of the knitted material and silicone coating, as well as the requirements for the protective functions of socks.

трикотажного материала, параметрами точечного покрытия (

); зависят от наличия эластомерной нити с возможностью ограниченной упругой двухосной деформации носка без образования складок при надевании носка и движениях стопы.The properties of the sock as a whole (Fig. 1) are determined by its design - the presence of a protective thickening (regions I, II and III); comfort conditions determined by filling characteristics

knitted material, dot coating parameters (

); depend on the presence of an elastomeric thread with the possibility of limited elastic biaxial deformation of the sock without the formation of folds when putting on the sock and foot movements.

Without changing the essence of the invention, the proposal does not exclude the use of other geometric shapes of the coating patterns: rectangular, arched with the formation of overlapping horizontal rows of protrusions.

The use of spot coating is optimal from the point of view of the wearability of the wearable product, to ensure extensibility, more durable fastening of the protrusions of the coating on the knitwear. Round protrusions are optimal in terms of coating technology, heat setting and dimensional stability.

и плотности заполнения, например, уменьшение величины перекрытия и диаметра «точек» на участке III защитной зоны (фиг. 1) в области подъема стопы (в окрестности линии 12) с целью устранения вероятности образования складок на этом участке и, как следствие, дискомфорта при эксплуатации изделия.The proposal does not exclude a change in the location parameters of the "points", their diameter, frequency with a change in the amount of overlap

and filling density, for example, reducing the overlap and the diameter of the “dots” in section III of the protective zone (Fig. 1) in the area of the rise of the foot (in the vicinity of line 12) in order to eliminate the likelihood of wrinkling in this section and, as a result, discomfort during product operation.

The additional application of a polymer dot coating that overlaps the area of interaction of the sock with the face of the supporting surface in the direction of the looped rows completely eliminates the discomfort and risks of injuries of the upper part of the foot, expanding the functionality of the sock.

The proposal according to the invention does not exclude the use as relatively inextensible compared with elastomeric yarn for the formation of areas of increased thickness — cotton yarn from various varieties of cotton, yarn from artificial fibers (bamboo, Tencel, Modal, etc.), silk threads that provide biological leg protection, as well as the use of natural, man-made and chemical fibers known for their intended purpose that are safe for use, including strands of porous fibers damping shock loads. The proposal does not exclude the use of socks in conjunction with sports or special shoes to provide protective, mechanical, biological and other functions.

Information sources

1. Patent US 6708342 B2. Int. Cl. A41B 1/00, US Cl. 2/69, 2004.

2. www.FALKE.com. PROfashion Magazine, No. 3, 2012. - P. 76.

3. Umansky S.P. The equipment of the astronaut. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1982, - S. 38.

4. Patent RU 2358623 C1. Kl. D04B 1/24. Socks for astronauts / Kotov A.N., Kasaev K.S., Belitsin M.N. et al. (RU) /, 2007.

5. Utility Model Patent No. 61989 IPC: А41D, D04B / Polyakova S. V., Truevtsev A. V., Stolyarova O. N. (RU) /, 2006.

6. Patent US 6286151 B1. Int. Cl. A43B 17/08, US Cl. 2/239 / Bodo W. Lambertz /, 2001.

7. RF patent No. 2379390. Kl. D04B. A method of manufacturing knitted products with predetermined structural parameters of a knitted fabric / Tsitovich I.G., Tarasov A.P., Malyuta V.V., Galushkina N.V., Arslanov A.G., Kamandinova L.R., priority from 17.07 .2008 g.

8. RF patent No. 2378612. Kl. D 04 B. A method for controlling the structural characteristics of knitted fabrics / Tsitovich I.G., Tarasov A.P., Malyuta V.V., Galushkina N.V., Arslanov A.G., Kamandinova L.R., priority from 16.04 .2008 g.

Claims (5)

1. Protective socks, formed on the basis of a single knitwear, containing a toe, a trace and a heel covering the foot of the foot, and a calf covering the calf, as well as an elastic collar, while the calico contains the front and back parts, and the trace is the lower part connected to the toe and a heel covering the sole of the foot, and the upper covering the outer part of the foot and connected to the toe and the front of the pagolenka, equipped with protective thickenings with increased surface density in the areas of external loads, characterized in that the protective thicker The formations are formed, at least on the upper part of the track and the front of the pagolenka in the form of a continuous thickened protective zone of knitwear and are formed by plush weaving, while the fill factor of the protective sections k _ℓ is in the range 0.28-0.55 and is determined by the formula

where ℓ is the length of the thread in the soil loop (mm), and T is the linear density of threads reduced to the length of the thread in the soil loop

. 2. Socks according to claim 1, characterized in that as a filament yarn use a complex elastomeric thread of linear density of not more than 20 tex, and as plush yarn, cotton or other yarn from natural or chemical fibers of linear density of at least 40 tex. 3. Socks according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the trace contains "point" protrusions formed by plush weaving. 4. Socks according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the track and the front part of the pagolenka forming a protective zone (zonal thickening) are additionally provided with a “point” polymer coating in the form of protrusions located horizontally along the loop rows and vertically along the loop columns of the toe products, the subsequent rows of which are offset relative to each other, with the vertical spacing of the protrusions being less than two diameters of the protrusions (t <2d, where d is the protrusion diameter, and at is the vertical spacing of the protrusions). 5. Socks according to claim 1, characterized in that the heel and toe sections are formed by plush weaving.

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