RU2621314C1 - Fodder mixture based on distillery slop - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: fodder mixture based on distillery slop is prepared from a fugate obtained by separating a mixture of distillery slop mixed in a mixer-shredder with legumes and then in a shredder-disperser with ground sunflower meal or oilcake held in the presence of cellulase, followed by adding the sunflower meal or oilcake and cereals in the form of bran and/or brewer's grains, ground into flour, to the fugate, at the ratio of sunflower meal or oilcake and grains as (0.2-0.3):1, followed by moisture removal, the moisture content in the finished product being not more than 9 wt %. The cereals are represented by waste products: bran and/or brewer's grains equal in mass with the meal, and the legumes are represented by soy, lupine, chickpeas, or peas.

EFFECT: increasing the nutritional value and digestibility of the fodder mixture.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of processing of field products, and more particularly to animal feed prepared from waste from alcohol and brewing production, and can be used in the preparation of feed compositions for the effective feeding of young piglets, calves, poultry and fish.

Patents RU 2497385 C2, A23K 1 / 16-14, 2013 and 2490929 C1, A23K 1 / 14-16, 2013, which contain bran, sunflower husk, yeast autolysate and water, characterize the level of this technical field.

To improve nutrition, a 5% sodium hydroxide solution and a 4% solution of soda ash in an amount of 1-5% by weight of the mixture are added to the feed mixture to partially break down fiber and lignin into monomers (glucose, lentozones, etc.), As a result, the nutritional value and digestibility of a more valuable feed product are increased.

For further hydrolysis of fiber, the wet mixture is extruded (16-20%) at a temperature of 90-120 ° C, which allows preserving biologically active substances - vitamins A, B, PP, etc.

The feed product is dried at a temperature of 20-30 ° C to a moisture content of 12-14%, preventing its damage.

However, the described feed mixtures obtained by complex technology using controlled extrusion have an increased consumer value, and the prepared product is not quite suitable for feeding young animals, poultry, fish due to incomplete and difficult digestion.

More perfect is a feed mixture based on a post-alcohol distillery stillage distiller containing ground rye meal, or wheat, and / or sunflower cake, previously separated from the husk, which is fermented and improved with biologically active substances, increasing nutritional value (see RD-01.000 industry regulation. 23-K.03-89. “Feed and mixtures based on post-alcohol stillage with improving additives”), which, according to the technical nature and the number of matching characteristics, was selected as the closest analogue of the proposed feed with Mesi.

The technological mixture is subjected to thermocavitation treatment in a rotary grinder-disperser (RID) to increase the dispersion of the components and homogenize the mixture.

During the vortex cavitation treatment of plant raw materials, the suspension circulates during tangential feeding into the blade capacity, where its solid particles break under the intense collapse of numerous air bubbles formed during cavitation, resulting in a sharp increase in the dispersion of the solid phase of the suspension.

From friction of the jet streams against the walls of the REID vessel and the profiled channels of functional mechanisms, the temperature of the suspension increases and the decomposition of trypsin and oligosugar enzymes occurs, with a concomitant improvement in the nutritional value of the product.

The technological process of processing feed is based on water hammer, as a result of which the grain is flattened and broken, the fibrous components are fragmented and frayed.

The temperature regime of processing in RIDs up to 90 ° C does not destroy vegetable proteins, vitamins and enzymes, while cavitation allows destroying most pathogenic microorganisms, fungi, etc., which ensures soft thermal-cavitation pasteurization of feed mixtures during cooking.

A disadvantage of the known feed mixture is the imbalance of nutrients and poor digestibility of young animals, which limits its intended use.

The technical problem to which the present invention is directed is the modernization of the known feed mixture due to technological methods of processing the components separately and together, while optimizing the range of their mass ratio, in order to increase the nutritional value and digestibility during fattening of young animals.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known feed mixture based on post-alcohol distillery stillage prepared from a centrate obtained by separating a mixture of post-alcohol distillery stillage mixed in a mixer-grinder with bean and then in a grinder-disperser with ground meal or cake of sunflower, seasoned in the presence of cellulase , followed by adding to the centrate meal and meal or cake and grains in the form of bran and / or beer grains, with a mass ratio of meal or meal of sunflower and cereal (0.2-0.3): 1 with subsequent removal of moisture, while the moisture content in the finished product is not higher than 9 wt. %

The proposed set of essential features of a technical solution ensured the balance of the product according to the structure of nutrients and ensured suitability for fattening young piglets, calves, poultry and fish due to the increased digestibility of the feed mixture, which was obtained on existing equipment using standard technology.

Additional equipment of the known feed mixture with crushed legumes increases the biological value of the product, ensuring its balance when finely divided waste from grain production (wheat, rye bran and / or beer grains) and legumes - soy, lupine, chickpea or pea, are added to the meal or oilcake, which together account for half the mass of the prepared technological suspension based on the centrate obtained by separation during separation of the viscous cake, which is disposed of battery technology.

The exposure during the day of the prepared technological suspension in the presence of cellulase is necessary for the complete digestion of non-digestible fiber as a result of cellulose fermentation with the formation of easily digestible glucose or disaccharide, which increases the efficiency of the feed mixture as a whole, which is suitable for feeding young animals.

Carrying out stepwise drying of the prepared finished feed product to a moisture content of not higher than 9 wt. %, established normatively, is necessary for long-term storage of the mixture, which is granulated, preventing caking, providing convenience when feeding with a mixture with increased flowability.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve a novelty of quality that is not inherent in the signs of disunity, that is, the technical problem posed in the invention is not solved by the sum of the effects, but by a new super-effect of the sum of the attributes.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which has a purely illustrative purpose and does not limit the scope of the claims of the totality of the essential features of the formula.

The drawing shows a flow diagram of the preparation of feed mixtures on industrial equipment connected in a single stream.

The process stream includes the following operations performed on interconnected equipment, including a tank 1 for post-alcohol distillery stillage with a volume of 1000 l, connected by a pump 2 to a mixer-grinder 3, into which beans (soy, lupine, chickpeas, peas) are fed through a screw conveyor 4 from a tank 5 weighing 160-300 kg.

The mixer 3 is switched with RID 6, which is connected in parallel with the hammer conveyor 4 to the hammer grinder 7, which communicates via a gerotor pump 8 with a capacity of 9 meal or sunflower meal, which are 160 kg in weight and are fed to RID 6 for mixing with pulp of ground legumes in bard, in the form of suspensions coming from the mixer grinder 3.

During the circulation of this mixture of components in RID 6, the suspension is heated to a temperature of 90 ° C from friction during its tangential jet feeding and cavitation grinding of the solid plant phase. In this case, the destruction of the anti-nutritional enzymes trypsin and oligosugars occurs.

After circulating the suspension in RID 6 for 7-10 minutes, when the above processes are completed, the suspension is pumped by the gerotor pump 8 to the reservoir 10, and then to the centrifuge 11, where the product is separated into two fractions: a dense cake with a moisture content of 70 wt. %, which is separately utilized, and the centrate that enters the intermediate technological tank 12, where essential amino acids (tryptophan, lysine, threonine, netionine) are introduced from dispenser 13 to improve the quality of the final product, the ratio of which is determined by purpose, for feeding specific groups of animals, birds and fish, different at different periods of their growth.

From the tank 12, the improved centrate is fed by the pump 14 with reverse bubbling to the fermenter 15 for daily exposure, with the introduction of cellulase to break down the contained fiber.

The fermenter 15 is equipped with a bubbler 16, through which there is constant mixing and improvement of the centrate.

From the fermenter 15, the centrate after exposure is pumped to the mixer 17.

On the other hand, through a flexible screw 4, a mixture of bran and / or grains with a beer mass of 160-300 kg and meal or cake weighing 140 kg, which are contained in containers 19 and 20, respectively, enters from the hammer grinder 18 into the mixer 17.

When this meal or cake is pre-crushed into flour in the disperser-grinder 21. The prepared flour from the tank 22 is fed into a hammer grinder 18, where the bran or grain beer coming from the tank 19 is ground.

The fine suspension prepared in the mixer 17 is fed into the cyclone 23, where the centrifugal separation of the fractions takes place, as a result of which the dry finished feed mixture is supplied by the screw 4 to the granulator-cooler 24.

By sealing the bulk product in the granulator 24, pallets are formed, which are bagged at position 25 of the packaging for long-term storage of the feed mixture without loss of consumer properties.

The invention illustrates an example of the preparation of a feed mixture for fattening young piglets and chickens.

From the tank 1, pump 2 is pumped into RID 6 of 1000 l of post-alcohol stillage vinas at a temperature of 70-90 ° C, containing 26-30% protein, up to 69% carbohydrates and about 1% of minerals and B vitamins.

The post-alcohol bard contains up to 7 wt. % solids, i.e. 70 kg.

In the bard from the mixer-grinder 5 receives 300 kg of crushed soybeans with a moisture content of 12 wt. % (264 kg of dry matter), forming a suspension weighing 1300 kg, processed together with meal of sunflower seed mass of 160 kg, which is fed with a gerotor pump 8 to the hammer mixer 7 and then through the screw conveyor 4 to the RID, where the mixture weighing 1460 is circulated, grinding, kg

Sunflower meal has a moisture content of 30 wt. %, that is, it contains 112 kg of solids.

After processing in RID 6, the homogenized suspension in the form of "dry milk" contains 446 kg of dry substances, has a moisture content of 70 wt. %

In the centrifuge 11, the fractions of the prepared suspension are separated: 330 kg of cake containing 99 kg of dry substances - poorly soluble components of legumes and meal (fiber, proteins and carbohydrates), and a centrate weighing 1130 kg.

In the technological tank 12, the centrate is enriched with amino acids in different mass ratios depending on the purpose of the prepared feed mixture.

In the case of preparation of the feed mixture for chickens, an increased content of tryptophan is necessary, for which the proportion of sunflower meal or oilcake, in the proteins of which contain an increased amount of this amino acid, is increased.

In the feed mixture for piglets should increase the number of legumes, the protein of which is rich in lysine.

The ratio of the components of the feed mixture is empirically determined empirically.

Protein meal or sunflower meal is close in composition to soy protein, but its cost is much cheaper than the latter.

Beer pellet contains a balanced protein of 26%, but half the price of grain barley, the protein of which is in the amount of 13-16 wt. % besides, it is not balanced in amino acid composition.

The rye bran is also unbalanced in amino acid composition, but structural fiber is easily digested and enriches the feed mixture with cellulose, which improves re-conditioning.

Fiber bran is absorbed by the young by 80%, the rest of the intestines cleanses of toxins.

Fiber of sunflower meal is practically not absorbed by monogastric animals, poultry and fish, but it is completely absorbed by calves.

The introduction of a meal weighing 300 kg in RID 6 is impossible due to the strong swelling of fiber, so 160 kg of meal are introduced into RID 6, and the rest 140 kg, which is necessary for fattening calves and cattle, is introduced in the form of flour into a mixer 17.

To prepare the feed mixture for chickens, the content of sunflower meal is limited to a mass of 160 kg, the fiber of which is completely beaten off in a centrifuge 23 (not exceeding the content of 1%).

The enriched suspension with a pump 14 with reverse bubbling is pumped into a fermentation tank 15, where it is incubated for 24 hours in the presence of cellulase weighing 12 kg, resulting in the splitting of non-digestible fiber to glucose and disaccharide.

Then, the improved suspension from the tank 15 is pumped into the mixer 17, where the prepared mixture of ground meal, or sunflower meal and bran flour (rye or wheat), or beer grains, respectively, weighing 140 and 300 kg, is fed.

In the mixer 17 receive a final suspension weighing 1612 kg, which is dried by spraying in a cyclone 23, separating excess moisture, obtaining a feed mixture with a moisture content of not higher than 9 wt. % in the amount of 1467 kg, which is fed by a screw conveyor to the seal in a granulator cooler 24, where pallets are formed that are gradually sealed in container bags at position 25.

When the suspension is dried by spraying in cyclone 23, a finely dispersed, water-soluble protein-carbohydrate concentrate of balanced structure is obtained, characterized by increased nutrition and digestibility, suitable for feeding piglets and chickens.

The advantage of the technology for preparing the feed mixture is to prevent environmental degradation from the disposal of post-alcohol stillage stillage, whose temperature is 90 ° C, the process of preparing the feed mixture is accelerated while saving energy to neutralize bean anti-nutrients.

Tests of prototypes of feed mixtures for fattening young piglets, calves, poultry and fish showed the achievement of increased growth indicators, which allows us to recommend their serial production for delivery on orders.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with the identified analogues of the prior art, from which the invention does not explicitly follow for the specialist in feed production, showed that it is unknown, and taking into account the possibility of industrial serial production of improved feed mixtures with improved properties on existing equipment, we can conclude on compliance with the conditions of patentability.

Claims (1)

Feed mixture based on post-alcohol distillery stillage prepared from a centrate obtained by separating a mixture of post-alcohol distillery stillage mixed in a mixer-grinder with legumes and then in a grinder-disperser with chopped meal or cake of sunflower, aged in the presence of cellulase, followed by addition of chopped sunflower seeds to the centrifuge meal or cake and grains in the form of bran and / or beer grains, with a mass ratio of meal or meal of sunflower and cereals (0.2-0.3): 1 with subsequent removal of moisture, while the moisture content the final product is not more than 9 wt. %

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