RU2618488C1 - Device for controlling substances - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: device for controlling substances is proposed comprising a physical field source 1 in the set of the series-connected signal generator 14, a modulator 15, a LED 16, in which there is a series-connected an element with the control object 2, an physical field converter 3, and, in addition, a series-connected analog-to-digital converter 5, a multiplier 6, the first and the second conversion circuits, each comprising series-connected function generators 7 and 8, accumulating and averaging combiners 9 and 10, reading units 11 and 12, wherein the output of the first circuit is connected to the first input of the calculation unit 13, and the output of the second circuit is connected to the second input of the calculation unit 13, the first output of which is connected to the inputs of gating the accumulating and averaging combiners 9 and 10 combined in the bus "Time measurement", and the second output of the calculation unit 3 is connected to the free input of the multiplier 6, wherein the input of the analog-to-digital converter 5 is connected to the selective loading of the phase detector 4, and the output of the physical field converter 3 is connected to the first input of the phase detector 4, while the output of the signal generator 14 is connected to the second input of the phase detector 4. The device for controlling substances can be used in the field of non-destructive substance control, static characteristic measurement of random processes.

EFFECT: introduction of a phase detector into the structure with the selective load and respective connections, allows to extend functional capabilities of the device by controlling the substance with the statistical method using the physical field delay by the substance.

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Description

The invention relates to radio-measuring equipment and can be used in the field of non-destructive testing of substances, measuring the statistical characteristics of random processes.

In non-destructive testing, a statistical method is known that increases the reliability of decision-making in assessing the quality of a material, substance or product. Here the correct word is a method, i.e. A statistical method for assessing the quality of a material, substance or product.

In the statistical analysis of random variables, a statistical mean value of the form is used [V. Tikhonov Statistical radio engineering. - Moscow: Radio and Communications, 1982, p. 32].

called the characteristic function (ch.f.),

where V _m - parameter hf;

η is a random variable;

m ₁ is the sign of mathematical expectation.

Transformation of expression (1) leads to its form

A (V _m ), B (V _m ) - real and imaginary parts respectively.

A device for measuring the correlation function of the signal [Av. certificate No. 1422182, cl. G01R 25/00. Statistical Analyzer. / Yu.M. Veshkurtsev, Yu.I. Sysoev. Publ. September 15, 1994 Bull. No. 17].

The device contains two analog-memory blocks, two sampling and storage nodes, two analog-to-digital converters, two accumulating adders, two readout blocks, a computing device, a controlled clock generator, a delay line control unit, and a gate pulse generator. The principle of operation of this device is to measure the estimates of the real and imaginary parts of the hf for different values of the parameter V _m and determining the correlation function of the signal in accordance with the algorithm [Veshkurtsev Yu.M. Applied analysis of the characteristic function of random processes. - Moscow: Radio and communications, 2003]

V _m = mΔV; τ = nΔm; m = 1, 2, 3, ...; n = 1, 2, 3, ...;

ΔV is the sampling step; Δτ is the sampling step.

The disadvantage of this measuring device is its limited functionality, which consists in the fact that it cannot measure a number of physical effects of a change in the physical field of a substance.

Of the known closest in technical essence is a device for controlling materials and substances [Positive decision on the application No. 20111114694/28, G01R 23/16. Device for controlling materials and substances. / Yu.M. Veshkurtsev, N.D. Veshkurtsev. Publ. 10/20/2012. Bull. No. 29], containing a source of a physical field as part of a signal generator, modulator, LED connected in series, to which an element with a control object, a physical field converter, and, in addition, an analog-to-digital converter, a multiplier, a first and a second circuit are connected in series transformations, each of which contains a series-connected functional converter, accumulating an averaging adder, a reference block, while the output of the first circuit is connected to the first at the input of the computing device, and the output of the second circuit is connected to the second input of the computing device, the first output of which is connected to the gating inputs of the accumulating averaging adders, combined in the bus "Measurement time", and the second output of the computing device is connected to the free output of the multiplier. The device has limited functionality, because it controls the quality of materials and substances according to the results of measuring the absorption of energy of the physical field. The device cannot measure the physical effects of scattering, refraction, or the delay of a physical field by a substance.

The objective of the invention is the expansion of the functionality of a substance control device.

This task is achieved due to the fact that in a known device containing a source of a physical field consisting of a signal generator, modulator, LED connected in series, to which an element with a control object, a physical field converter, and, in addition, an analog-to-digital converter are connected in series , a multiplier, a first and second conversion circuit, each of which contains a series-connected functional converter, accumulating averaging with a meter, a reading unit, while the output of the first circuit is connected to the first input of the computing device, and the output of the second circuit is connected to the second input of the computing device, the first output of which is connected to the gating inputs of the accumulating averaging adders combined in the bus "Measurement time", and the second output the computing device is connected to the free input of the multiplier, according to the invention a phase detector with selective load is introduced, to which the input of the analog-to-digital converter is connected, the output the physical field transducer is connected to the first input of the phase detector, while the output of the signal generator is connected to the second input of the phase detector.

In FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of the proposed device control substances

in FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a calculation algorithm.

The substance control device contains a source of a physical field 1, an element 2 with a control object, a physical field converter 3, a phase detector 4 with selective load, an analog-to-digital converter 5, a multiplier 6, the first 7 and second 8 functional converters, the first 9 and second 10 accumulate averaging adders, first 11 and second 12 reading blocks, computing device 13, signal generator 14, modulator 15, LED 16.

The output of the source of the physical field 1 is connected to the input of the element 2 with the control object, the output of which is connected to the input of the converter of the physical field 3, at which the output is connected to the first input of the phase detector 4 with selective load. The input of the analog-to-digital converter 5 is connected to the detector load, the output of which is connected to the input of the multiplier, at which the output is simultaneously connected to the inputs of the first 7 and second 8 functional converters, the output of each of which is respectively connected to the input of the first 9 and second 10 accumulating averaging adders. The input of the first 11 reading block is connected to the output of the first 9, and the input of the second 12 reading block is connected to the output of the second 10 accumulating averaging adders, in which the gate inputs are connected to the bus "Measurement time" and connected to the first output of the computing device 13, and the first input of the computing device 13 is connected to the output of the first 11 reading block, and the second input of the computing device 13 is connected to the output of the second reading block. The second output of the computing device 13 is connected to the free input of the multiplier, while the output of the signal generator 14 is simultaneously connected to the input of the modulator 15 and the second input of the phase detector 4. An LED 16 is connected to the output of the modulator 15, the output of which is combined with the output of the source of the physical field 1.

Control is based on the analysis of the interaction of a physical field with a control object, for example, a substance. The source of the physical field 1 can be an LED, which is connected to a signal generator through a signal modulator 14. The electromagnetic radiation of the LED can be modulated in amplitude, phase, frequency. For example, consider the amplitude modulation of a physical field.

The physical field transducer 3 is matched to the type of radiation source, and when using an LED, it is a photodiode included in the photodetector circuit [Zakharenko V.Α., Kolesnikova TP, Shkaev A.E. Calculation and design of optoelectronic devices. Textbook - Omsk: publishing house OmSTU, 2002. S. 51].

The first 7 and second 8 functional converters are ROMs with recorded samples of the cosine and sine functions, respectively, and a code corresponding to the product V _m x _i is supplied to their address inputs, where V _m is the parameter hf, x _i is the code from the analog output -digital converter 5. Clocking of functional converters occurs at any change in the code at the address inputs. Chips from the reference book [Yakubovsky CB, Barkanov N.A., Kudryashov B.P. can be used as ROMs and others. Analog and digital integrated circuits. - Moscow: Soviet Radio, 1979. S. 315].

Accumulating averaging adders 9 and 10 are designed to obtain readings hf by summing the codes at the outputs of the functional converters 7 and 8, respectively. Adders are made on the basis of microcircuits from the reference [Yakubovsky C.B., Barkanov N.A., Kudryashov B.P. and others. Analog and digital integrated circuits. - Moscow: Soviet Radio, 1979. S. 233]. Each of the accumulating adders 9 and 10 contains an adder, a memory register, which is recorded when a pulse occurs at the synchronization input with the log level. “1”, which is input to the gate input of the adder, and a one-shot, providing a reset of the contents of the memory register when a leading edge of the pulse appears at the input of the gate.

The reference blocks 11 and 12 provide a digital indication of the results of the control and contain a buffer register for communication with the computing device 13.

The computing device 13 can be made in the form of a microcomputer, built on the basis of the microprocessor set K588 and memory K537 from the directory [Yakubovsky SV, Nisselson LI, Kuleshov VI Digital and analog microcircuits. - Moscow: Radio and communications, 1990. - 469 p.].

The substance control device operates as follows.

After the power is turned on, the adders, memory registers accumulating averaging adders 9, 10 and buffer registers of the reading blocks 11, 12 are cleaned. At the first output of the computing device, an impulse of duration T, the measurement time, appears. At the second output of the computing device 13, a code is set corresponding to the first value of the parameter V _m , i.e. unit.

As a result of modulation, a plane electromagnetic wave is described by the equation:

M _AM - amplitude modulation index;

U _m is the amplitude of the plane wave;

ω is the circular frequency of the wave;

- quasi-harmonic oscillation of the signal generator 14.

Right here. This refers to u (t), the quasi-harmonic oscillation of the signal generator 14;

η is the initial angle of the phase shift, randomly varies in the range -π ... + π;

Ω is the circular frequency of the wave modulation.

When an electromagnetic field interacts with a substance, it is delayed in it for some time τ _B due to the structural lattice, and then it enters the photodetector. After the conversion of the physical field at the output of the photodetector 3, a signal appears

which is fed to the first input of the phase detector 4, while the signal (4) is supplied to the second input of the phase detector. At the output of the selective load of the phase detector 4, we have

where K _det is the transfer coefficient of the phase detector;

F (.) - characteristic of the phase detector [Veshkurtsev Yu.M. Auto-coherent devices for measuring random processes. - Omsk: Publishing House of OmSTU, 1995, S. 68-69].

The digital code x _i equal to the instantaneous value of the signal (6) is supplied to the multiplier 6 and multiplied with the code corresponding to the value of the parameter V _m , after which the code V _m X _i is received, which is received at the address inputs of the functional converters 7 and 8, where i = 1, 2, 3, ..., N; N is the sample size of the instantaneous signal values (6).

Functional converters are ROMs with the values of the cosine function (first functional converter 7) and the sine function (second functional converter 8) written in them, taken within the same period with a step Δх. The code V _m x _{i is} taken modulo M, and M is the number of sine and cosine functions recorded in ROM. The code corresponding to the value of cos (V _m x _i ) enters the accumulating averaging adder 9, and the code corresponding to the value sin (V _m x _i ) enters the accumulating averaging adder 10.

Upon completion of N samples of instantaneous signal values in the accumulating averaging adder 9, an estimate of the real part of the hf is obtained.

at V _m = 1, and in the accumulating averaging adder 10, the estimate of the imaginary part of the f.ph.

at V _m = 1. The trailing edge of the impulse "Measurement Time" evaluates the real and imaginary parts of the hf recorded in the reference blocks, respectively, the first 11 and second 12.

After that, at the second output of the computing device 13, a code is set corresponding to the parameter V _m = 2. At the first output of the computing device 13 appears a pulse of duration T - the measurement time. The operation of the device proceeds similarly to the above. So repeated m times, where V _m = 1, 2, 3, ..., m. Upon completion of the operation of the device in the first reading unit 11, the estimates of the real part of the HF are recorded.

A (1), A (2), A (3), ..., A (m),

and in the second reference block 12 recorded estimates of the imaginary part of the hf

B (1), B (2), B (3), ..., B (m).

These values are estimates of hf enter the memory of the computing device 13, where the known estimates A (0), B (0) are stored, resulting from the analysis of the main properties. In particular, the equalities A (0) = 1, B (0) = 0 are known [Veshkurtsev Yu.M. Applied analysis of the characteristic function of random processes. - Moscow; Radio communication, 2003. S. 48].

The array of estimates of the characteristic function stored in the memory of the computing device 13, at the end of the measurement process, is a set of estimates of the real and imaginary parts of the HF, which, in accordance with the block diagram of the algorithm (Fig. 2) according to well-known formulas [Veshkurtsev Yu.M. . Applied analysis of the characteristic function of random processes. - Moscow; Radio communication, 2003. S. 23, 62] allow you to get the initial moments of the distribution of the first m ₁ , second m ₂ , third m ₃ , fourth m ₄ and the central moments of the distribution of the second M ₂ , third M ₃ , fourth M ₄ orders. After that, the central moments of distribution are used to control the substance.

The computing device 13 calculates the area of the triangle in accordance with the block diagram of the algorithm (Fig. 2) according to the well-known formula [Bronstein I.N., Semendyaev K.A. A reference book in mathematics for engineers and students of technical colleges. - Moscow; Gos. ed. those. - theor. literature, 1956. S. 166]. The area of the triangle quantitatively determines the conformity of the composition of the substance to the standard, while its value determines the boundaries of linguistic terms: “corresponds”, “does not correspond”.

Thus, the introduction of a phase detector with selective load and the corresponding connections allows you to expand the functionality of the device by controlling the substance by a statistical method using the delay of the physical field by the substance.

Claims (1)

A substance control device containing a source of a physical field as part of a signal generator, modulator, LED connected in series, to which an element with a control object, a physical field converter, and, in addition, an analog-to-digital converter, a multiplier, a first and a second circuit are connected in series transformations, each of which contains a series-connected functional converter, accumulating an averaging adder, a reference block, while the output of the first the second circuit is connected to the first input of the computing device, and the output of the second circuit is connected to the second input of the computing device, the first output of which is connected to the gating inputs of the accumulating averaging adders, combined in the bus "Measurement time", and the second output of the computing device is connected to the free input of the multiplier, characterized in that a phase detector with selective load is introduced into it, to which the input of the analog-to-digital converter is connected, and the output of the converter is a physical field connected to a first input of a phase detector, whereas the signal generator output is connected to the second input of the phase detector.

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