RU2529670C2 - Device to control materials and substances - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: testing equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of non-destructive control of materials and substances, measurement of statistic characteristics of random processes. A device to control materials and substances comprises serially connected a source of physical field, an element with a control object, a converter of physical field, and also the first and second conversion circuit, each of which comprises serially connected an accumulating averaging summator and a count block, at the same time the outlet of the first circuit is connected to the first inlet of a computing device, and the outlet of the second circuit is connected to the second inlet of the computing device, the first outlet of which is connected to inlets of strobing of accumulating averaging summators combined into a bus "Measurement time", the first multiplier, the first analogue-digital converter and the second analogue-digital converter, the second multiplier, the first controlled frequency multiplier, serially connected the second controlled frequency multiplier and the controlled phase changer, the outlet of which is connected to the second inlet of the second multiplier, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the second analogue-digital converter, and the first inlet of the multiplier is combined with the first inlet of the first multiplier and is connected to the outlet of the first controlled frequency multiplier, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the physical field converter, and the outlet of the source of physical field is connected to the inlet of the second controlled frequency multiplier, the outlet of which is connected to the second inlet of the first multiplier, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the first analogue-digital converter, in which the outlet is connected to the inlet of the first circuit of conversion, and the inlet of the second conversion circuit is connected to the outlet of the second analogue-digital converter, besides, control inlets of the first and second controlled frequency multiplier and controlled phase changer are combined into a bus "Plant V_m" and are connected to the second outlet of the computing device.

EFFECT: simplification of a circuit of a device for control of quality of materials and substances.

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Description

The invention relates to radio-measuring equipment and can be used in the field of non-destructive testing of substances, measuring the statistical characteristics of random processes.

In non-destructive testing, the statistical method increases the reliability of decision-making in assessing the quality of a material, substance or product.

In statistical analysis, a statistical average of the form is used [V. Tikhonov. Statistical radio engineering. M .: Radio and communication, 1982, p.32]

$$\theta \left(Vm\right)=m_{\mathrm{one}}\left\{\exp \left[j{V}_m\eta \right]\right\}={\displaystyle {\int }_{-\infty }^{\infty }{W}_{\mathrm{one}}\left(\eta \right)\exp \left(j{V}_m\eta \right)d\eta },(\mathrm{one})$$

called the characteristic function (HF), where V _m = mΔV is the HF parameter; η is a random variable; m ₁ is the sign of mathematical expectation. The transformation of expression (1) brings it to mind

$${\theta }_{\mathrm{one}}\left(V_m\right)=m_{\mathrm{one}}\left\{\cos \left[V_m\eta \right]\right\}+j{m}_{\mathrm{one}}\left\{\sin \left[V_m\eta \right]\right\}=A\left(V_m\right)+jB\left(Vm\right),(2)$$

where A (V _m ), B (V _m ) is the real and imaginary part of the photographic function. respectively.

A device for measuring the probability density of a phase of a signal [Patent 2313101, cl. G01R 25/00. Signal phase probability density analyzer / Yu.M. Veshkurtsev, M.V. Kucherov. Publ. 12/20/2007. Bull. No. 35]. The device contains an analog storage unit, two sampling and storage units, two ADCs, a gate pulse generator, a reference oscillator, a controlled oscillator, a control unit, the first and second accumulators, the first and second multipliers, an operational adder, the first and second functional converters, an additional accumulating adder, reading unit with memory.

The principle of operation of this device is to measure the real and imaginary parts of the HF. for different values of the parameter V _m and determining the probability density of the phase of the signal in accordance with the algorithm [Veshkurtsev Yu.M. Applied analysis of the characteristic function of random processes. M: Radio and communications, 2003, p. 58].

$$W_{\mathrm{one}}\left(x\right)=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2\pi }+\frac{\mathrm{one}}{\pi }{\displaystyle \sum _{m=\mathrm{one}}^M\left[A\left(V_m\right)\cos \left(x{V}_m\right)+B\left(V_m\right)\sin \left(x{V}_m\right)\right]}.(3)$$

The disadvantage of this measurement device is the complexity of constructing a signal conversion circuit.

Of the known closest in technical essence is a device for monitoring materials and substances [Veshkurtsev ND, Veshkurtsev Yu.M. Metrological certification of a laboratory bench // Science, Education, Business: Materials of a Regional Scientific and Practical Conference. - Omsk: publishing house "Printing Center KAN", 2011. - S. 241-245], containing a source of a physical field sequentially included, an element with an object of control, a physical field transducer, as well as the first and second conversion chains, each of which contains the accumulating averaging adder and the reporting unit are connected in series, while the output of the first circuit is connected to the first input of the computing device, and the output of the second circuit is connected to the second input of the computing device, the first output of which is connected to the strobe inputs of accumulating averaging adders, combined in the bus "Measurement Time", the first multiplier, the first analog-to-digital converter. The device controls the quality of materials and substances by a statistical method, has a complex signal conversion circuit, because contains complex nodes such as the first and second functional converters.

The task of the invention is to simplify the circuit of the control device for materials and substances.

This task is achieved due to the fact that in the known device containing a source of a physical field sequentially connected, an element with a control object, a physical field transducer, as well as a first and second conversion circuit, each of which contains a cumulative averaging adder and a reference block connected in series, while the output of the first circuit is connected to the first input of the computing device, and the output of the second circuit is connected to the second input of the computing device, the first output of which is connected inen with gating inputs of accumulating averaging adders combined in the “Measurement Time” bus, first multiplier, first analog-to-digital converter, according to the invention, a second analog-to-digital converter, a second multiplier, a first controlled frequency multiplier, a second controlled frequency multiplier and a controlled one connected in series phase shifter, the output of which is connected to the second input of the second multiplier, the output of which is connected to the input of the second analog-to-digital converter la, and the first input of the multiplier is combined with the first input of the first multiplier and connected to the output of the first controlled frequency multiplier, the input of which is connected to the output of the physical field converter, and the output of the source of the physical field is connected to the input of the second controlled frequency multiplier, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first a multiplier, the output of which is connected to the input of the first analog-to-digital converter, whose output is connected to the input of the first conversion circuit, and the input of the second circuit is pre mations connected to the output of the second analog-to-digital converter, wherein the control inputs of the first and second frequency multiplier managed and controlled phase shifter are combined into a tire "Replacing V _m» and connected to the second output of the computing device.

Figure 1 shows the structural diagram of the proposed control device; figure 2 is a block diagram of an algorithm for calculating the value of a quality indicator of a substance; figure 3 is an example of constructing a triangle.

The control device contains a source of a physical field 1, an element 2 with a control object, a physical field converter 3, the first 4 and second 5 controlled frequency multipliers, a controlled phase shifter 6, the first 7 and second 8 multipliers, the first 9 and second 10 analog-to-digital converters, the first 11 and second 12 accumulating averaging adders, the first 13 and second 14 reading blocks, computing device 15.

The output of the source of the physical field 1 is connected to the input of element 2 with a control object, the output of which is connected to the input of the converter of the physical field 3, the output of which is connected to the input of the first 4 controlled frequency multiplier, and the input of the second 5 controlled frequency multiplier is connected to the output of the source of physical field 1 The output of the second 5 controlled frequency multiplier is connected to the input of the controlled phase shifter 6 and the second input of the first 7 multiplier, while the output of the first 4 controlled frequency multiplier is connected to the first input s first 7 and second 8 multipliers. The outputs of the first 7 and second 8 multipliers are connected respectively to the inputs of the first 9 and second 10 analog-to-digital converters, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the inputs of the first 11 and second 12 accumulating averaging adders, while their outputs are connected respectively to the inputs of the first 13 and second 14 reading blocks. The output of the first 13 reading block is connected to the first input of the computing device 15, and the output of the second 14 reading block is connected to the second input of the computing device 15, in which the first output is connected to the gate inputs of the accumulating averaging adders 11, 12, and these inputs are connected by a bus ". The second output of the computing device 15 is connected to the control inputs of the first 4 and second 5 controlled frequency multipliers and a controlled phase shifter 6, and these inputs are connected by a bus "Installation V _m ".

Control is based on the analysis of the interaction of a physical field with a control object, for example, a substance. The source of the physical field 1 can be an electromagnetic radiation generator or a glow element (incandescent lamp, LED, etc.) connected to an alternating voltage generator.

The physical field transducer 3 is consistent with the type of radiation source, and when using an incandescent lamp or LED, it is a photodiode included in the photodetector circuit [Zakharenko VA, Kolesnikova TP, Shkaev AG Calculation and design of optoelectronic devices. Tutorial. - Omsk: because of OmSTU, 2002, p.51].

The first 4 and second 5 controlled frequency multipliers have a signal distortion, tunable generator, frequency mixer and filter. They have many construction schemes and work in accordance with the description given in the book [Veshkurtsev Yu.M. Applied analysis of the characteristic function of random processes. - M.: Radio and Communications, 2003, S. 115-116].

The controlled phase shifter 6 sets the phase shift equal to 90 ° between the signals at the outputs of the first 4 and second 5 controlled frequency multipliers. This phase shift is equal to

$$\varphi =V_m\omega \tau ,(\mathrm{four})$$

where V _m - parameter hf; ω is the circular frequency of the signal at the output of the controlled frequency multiplier; τ = 90 ° / ωV _m is the time constant of the delay line. Depending on the scheme of the controlled frequency multiplier in the formula (4), the parameter V _m can be variable, i.e. V _m = var, or constant V _m = const, for example, V _m = 1. The signal delay line is built according to the well-known scheme [Bayev EF, Burylin EI Miniature electrical delay lines. - M .: Owls. Radio 1977, pp. 217-220].

Accumulating averaging adders 11 and 12 are designed to obtain readings hf by summing the codes at the outputs of the analog-to-digital converters 9 and 10, respectively. Adders are made on the basis of microcircuits from the directory [Yakubovsky S.V., Barkanov N.A., Kudryashov B.P. and others. Analog and digital integrated circuits. - M .: Owls. Radio 1979, p. 233]. Each of the accumulating adders 11 and 12 contains an adder, a memory register, which is recorded when a pulse occurs at the synchronization input with the log level “1”, which is input to the gate of the adder, a one-shot oscillator, which provides a reset of the contents of the memory register when the leading edge of the pulse appears inlet gating.

The reference blocks 13 and 14 provide a digital indication of the results of the control and contain a buffer register for communication with the computing device 15.

Computing device 15 can be made in the form of a microcomputer, built on the basis of the microprocessor kit K 588 and memory K 537 from the directory [Yakubovsky SV, Barkanov NA, Kudryashov BP and others. Analog and digital integrated circuits. - M .: Owls. Radio, 1979. - 469 s].

The control device of materials and substances works as follows.

After the power is turned on, the adders, memory registers accumulating averaging adders 11, 12 and the buffer registers of the reading blocks 13, 14 are cleared. At the first output of the computing device 15, a pulse of duration T appears - the measurement time. At the second output of computing device 15, a code is set corresponding to the first value of the parameter V _m , i.e. unit.

The substance is placed in element 2 and interacts with the electromagnetic field of the light range of the waves, modulated in amplitude. As a result of the interaction of the field with matter at the molecular level, a random change in the basic parameters of the electromagnetic wave occurs, i.e. probabilistic characteristics of the physical field. Electromagnetic waves transmitted through matter enter a physical field transducer 3, where they are converted into an electrical signal with a frequency associated with the modulation frequency of the amplitude of the physical field wave. The probabilistic characteristics of the instantaneous values of this signal depend on the substance.

Let the mathematical model of an electric signal have the form

U (t) = (U ₀ + ε) cos (ωt + η),

where η is a random change in the phase of the signal, ε is a random change in the amplitude of the signal, ω is the circular frequency of the modulation of the amplitude of the wave of the physical field. Using the first 4 controlled frequency multiplier, the electrical signal is converted into voltage of the form

$$u_{\mathrm{one}}\left(t\right)=U_{\mathrm{one}}\cos \left(V_m\omega t+V_m\eta \right),(5)$$

and at the output of the second 5 controlled frequency multiplier we have

$$u_2\left(t\right)={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="U"\; filenames="00000023.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_2\cos \left(V_m\omega t\right),(6)$$

if the source of the physical field 1 is connected to an alternator

$$u_G\left(t\right)=U_G\cos (\omega t).(7)$$

The controlled phase shifter 6 adds a phase shift (4) to the signal (6), after which we obtain

$$u_3\left(t\right)=U_3\cos \left(V_m\omega t+\varphi \right).(8)$$

For any Vm, the phase shift is 90 °. Then

$$u_3\left(t\right)=U_3\sin \left(V_m\omega t\right).(9)$$

In the first 7 multiplier, signals (5), (6) are multiplied, and in the second 8, signals (5), (9) are multiplied. The input of the first 9 analog-to-digital Converter signal

$$u_{P\mathrm{one}}\left(t\right)=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2}{U}_{\mathrm{one}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="U"\; filenames="00000023.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_2\cos \left(V_m\eta \right)+\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2}{U}_{\mathrm{one}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="U"\; filenames="00000023.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_2\cos \left(2V_m\omega t+V_{m\eta }\right),(10)$$

and the input of the second 10 analog-to-digital converter signal

$$u_{P2}\left(t\right)=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2}{U}_{\mathrm{one}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="U"\; filenames="00000023.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_2\sin \left(V_m\eta \right)+\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2}{U}_{\mathrm{one}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="U"\; filenames="00000023.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_2\sin \left(2V_m\omega t+V_{m\eta }\right),(\mathrm{eleven})$$

The amplitudes of the signals (10), (11) are chosen equal to unity, then $${\text{U}}_{\text{one}}={\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="U" filenames="00000023.png" state="{{state}}">U</figure-callout>}}_{\text{2}}={\text{U}}_{\text{3}}=\sqrt{2}$$

A digital code equal to the instantaneous value of the signal (10) from the output of the first 9 analog-to-digital converter enters the first 11 accumulating averaging adder, and a digital code equal to the instantaneous value of the signal (11) enters the second 12 accumulating averaging adder. Upon completion of N samples of instantaneous signal values in the accumulating averaging adder 11, an estimate of the real part of the characteristic function is obtained

$$A\left(V_m\right)=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{N}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^N\cos \left(V_m{\eta }_i\right)}$$

at V _m = 1, and in the accumulating averaging adder 12 - the estimate of the imaginary part of the photographic function.

$$B\left(V_m\right)=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{N}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{N}sim\left(V_m{\eta }_i\right)}$$

at V _m = 1, because the average value of the rapidly oscillating harmonic oscillation is zero, i.e.

, $$\frac{1}{N}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^N\sin \left(2V_m\omega t_i+V_m\eta \right)=0}$$

$$\frac{\mathrm{one}}{N}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^N\cos \left(2V_m\omega t_i+V_m\eta \right)=0}$$

, $$\frac{\mathrm{one}}{N}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^N\sin \left(2V_m\omega t_i+V_m\eta \right)=0}$$

The trailing edge of the impulse "Measurement Time" evaluates the real and imaginary parts of the hf recorded in the reading blocks, respectively, the first 13 and second 14.

After that, at the second output of the computing device 15, a code is set corresponding to the value of the parameter V _m = 2. At the first output of the computing device 15 appears a pulse of duration T - the measurement time. The operation of the device proceeds similarly to the above. So repeated m times, where V _m = 1,2,3, ..., m. Upon completion of the device in the first reference block 13 recorded estimates of the real part of the HF

A (1), A (2), A (3), ..., A (V _m )

and in the second reference block 11, estimates of the imaginary part of the hf are recorded.

B (1), B (2), B (3), ..., B (V _m ).

These values are estimates x. f. enter the memory of the computing device 15, where the known estimates A (0) and B (0) are stored, resulting from the analysis of the basic properties of the characteristic function. In particular, the equalities A (0) = 1, B (0) = 0 are known [Veshkurtsev Yu.M. Applied analysis of the characteristic function of random processes. - M .: Radio and communications, 2003, p. 48].

The array of estimates of the characteristic function stored in the memory of the computing device 15, at the end of the measurement process, is a set of estimates of the real and imaginary parts of the characteristic function, which, in accordance with the block diagram of the algorithm (figure 2) according to well-known formulas [Veshkurtsev Yu.M. Applied analysis of the characteristic function of random processes. - M .: Radio and communication, 2003, p.62, 23] allow you to get the initial distribution moments of the first m _1, second m ₂ , third m ₃ , fourth m ₄ and central moments of distribution of the second M ₂ , third M ₃ fourth M ₄ orders. After that, the central moments of distribution are used to calculate the quality indicator of the substance.

The quality of a substance is determined by the area of a triangle constructed in a rectangular three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. The vertices of the triangle coincide with the values of the central moments of the distribution, plotted along the coordinate axes (figure 3). According to the well-known formula [Bronstein I.N., Semendyaev K.A. A reference book in mathematics for engineers and students of technical colleges. - M .: State. ed. those. - theor. Literature, 1956, p.166] find the area

, $$S=\sqrt{p\left(p-a\right)\left(p-b\right)\left(p-c\right)}$$

,

, a,b,c - стороны треугольника (фиг.3). Эти стороны равны: $$a=\sqrt{M_2^2+M_3^2}$$

; $$a=\sqrt{M_2^2+M_4^2}$$

; $$c=\sqrt{M_3^2+M_4^2}$$

. Вычислительное устройство 15 рассчитывает площадь треугольника в соответствии с блок-схемой алгоритма (фиг.2). Площадь треугольника количественно характеризует качество вещества, при этом ее значения определяют границы лингвистических термов: «хорошее», «удовлетворительное», «неудовлетворительное» качество.Where $$p=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)$$

, a, b, c - side of the triangle (figure 3). These sides are equal: $$a=\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="M"\; filenames="00000023.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">M</figure-callout>}}_2^2+M_3^2}$$

; $$a=\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="M"\; filenames="00000023.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">M</figure-callout>}}_2^2+M_{\mathrm{four}}^2}$$

; $$c=\sqrt{M_3^2+M_{\mathrm{four}}^2}$$

. The computing device 15 calculates the area of the triangle in accordance with the block diagram of the algorithm (figure 2). The area of the triangle quantitatively characterizes the quality of the substance, while its values determine the boundaries of linguistic terms: "good", "satisfactory", "unsatisfactory" quality.

Thus, the introduction of the first and second controllable frequency multipliers, a controllable phase shifter, a second multiplier, and a second analog-to-digital converter with corresponding connections makes it possible to simplify the control device circuit by performing functional sine and cosine converters in analog form.

Claims (1)

A material and substance control device comprising a source of a physical field sequentially connected, an element with an object of control, a physical field transducer, and also a first and second conversion circuit, each of which contains a series accumulating averaging adder and a reference unit, while this output of the first circuit is connected to the first input of the computing device, and the output of the second circuit is connected to the second input of the computing device, the first output of which is connected to the gating inputs the dropping averaging combiners combined in the “Measurement Time” bus, the first multiplier, the first analog-to-digital converter, characterized in that a second analog-to-digital converter, a second multiplier, the first controlled frequency multiplier, the second controlled frequency multiplier and the controlled one connected in series phase shifter, the output of which is connected to the second input of the second multiplier, the output of which is connected to the input of the second analog-to-digital converter, and the first input of alternating current resident is combined with the first input of the first multiplier and connected to the output of the first controlled frequency multiplier, the input of which is connected to the output of the physical field converter, and the output of the source of the physical field is connected to the input of the second controlled frequency multiplier, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first multiplier, the output of which is connected to the input of the first analog-to-digital converter, in which the output is connected to the input of the first conversion circuit, and the input of the second conversion circuit is connected to Odom second analog-to-digital converter, wherein the control inputs of the first and second frequency multiplier managed and controlled phase shifter are combined into a tire "Replacing V _m» and connected to the second output of the computing device.

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