RU2616353C1 - Stand for impact tests of devices and equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: testing equipment.

SUBSTANCE: stand consists of a device in a form of panel with the installed test equipment and recording sensors, pyrotechnic devices. The panel is formed as a removable metal plate mounted on air castors with clamps and pyrotechnic devices are made impartible with a thread on cylindrical housing and movable replaceable striker, which are mounted in the transitional elements formed as a hollow cylinder with a bottom on the one side of the cylinder, a hole with a thread for mounting a pyrotechnic device and with a flange with holes for fixing from the opposite side for mounting the transition elements with pyrotechnic devices on adjustable supports is made in the cylinder bottom. The axles of striker symmetry lie in the middle plane of the panel, or perpendicular to it, and the strikers are located at a distance less than the striker travel from the ends of the upper and lower plate plane.

EFFECT: improved quality of instruments and equipment high intensity impact testing in a wider range of reproducible loads.

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Description

The invention relates to devices for impact tests and can be used in tests for high-intensity impacts of various, including spatial, systems consisting of functionally connected devices, autonomous testing of each of which is insufficient (for example, functional connections between shock impact devices).

There are many different stands for testing instruments and equipment for impact. For example, these are vibrating electrodynamic stands, stands with falling tables, etc. (Vibrations in technology. Reference (in 6 volumes). M.: “Mechanical Engineering.” Vol. 5: Measurements and tests. / Ed. By MD Genkin, 1981 - 496 p .; p. 476 -477). Currently, systems based on vibration stands are most widely used in testing, but due to their design features they do not provide reproduction of high-intensity loading of large and massive structures. The requirements for the stands are especially high when it is necessary to reproduce the effects of high intensity, short duration and complex shape.

The closest (prototype) is a test bench for high-impact impacts of instruments and equipment, consisting of a fixture for attaching equipment hung on flexible cables with equipment installed and recording sensors (RF patent No. 2269105, G01M 7/08 from 20. 09 . 2005). As a device, a honeycomb panel with mortgages is used to install the equipment under test, and shock sources are made in the form of multilayer shock-absorbing rods with pyrotechnic devices. The layers of the rods are made of materials with different acoustic flexibility, while the shock-absorbing rod with a pyrotechnic device is connected to the honeycomb panel through an adapter made in the form of a glass on a cylindrical leg.

This solution (prototype) has several disadvantages. The equipment tested on such a system can only be installed in standard embeddeds, which often does not allow creating the necessary effects on the plate and the test object can be significantly overloaded / underloaded due to a rough simulation of the effect. In addition, when hanging a plate on cushioning rods, it is difficult to test bulky spatial equipment (for example, trusses for fastening devices), and the use of explosive bolts as shock sources significantly reduces the range of reproducible loads.

The objective (technical result) of the invention is to increase the quality of testing instruments and equipment (including large) on impact impacts of high intensity in a wider range of reproducible loads.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the test bench for instruments and equipment for impact, consisting of a device in the form of a panel with the tested equipment installed on it, recording sensors and pyrotechnic devices, the panel is made in the form of a replaceable metal plate mounted on pneumatic supports with clamps and the pyrotechnic devices are made inseparable with a thread on the cylindrical body and a movable interchangeable striker, which are installed in the transition elements made in in the form of a hollow cylinder with a bottom on one side of the cylinder, and a hole with a thread is made in the bottom of the cylinder for mounting a pyrotechnic device, and with a flange with holes on the opposite side for mounting transition elements with pyrotechnic devices on adjustable supports, while the axis of symmetry of the strikers lie in the middle the plane of the panel or perpendicular to it, and the strikers themselves are located from the ends of the upper and lower planes of the plate at a distance less than the stroke of the striker.

The essence of the claimed solution is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a general view of a shock test bench; FIG. 2 shows a section of the stand along AA, FIG. 3 shows in more detail an indivisible pyrotechnic device, FIG. 4 shows a spatial truss with an instrument unit mounted on a test bench; FIG. 5 shows the shock spectrum of accelerations obtained by impact in the plane of attachment of the panel.

The stand (Fig. 1) consists of a device 1 (a removable metal panel) for installing test instruments and equipment 2. A replaceable panel 1 is mounted on the pneumatic bearings 3 using clamps 4. Control sensors (accelerometers) are installed on the panel 5. The stand also includes pyrotechnic devices 6 mounted on adjustable legs 7. In doing so, in FIG. 2 shows a section AA of the stand. In FIG. 3 shows in more detail an inseparable adjustable pyrotechnic device 6 with a thread 8 on a cylindrical body 9 and a movable interchangeable striker 10, which are installed in the transition elements made in the form of a hollow cylinder 11 with a bottom 12 on one side of the cylinder, and a threaded hole is made in the cylinder bottom 13 for mounting a pyrotechnic device with a pyro cartridge 14, and a flange 15 with holes 16 on the opposite side for attaching transition elements with pyrotechnic devices to adjustable supports 7, while the axis the symmetries of the strikers lie in the median plane of the plate or perpendicular to it, and the strikers themselves are located from the ends of the upper and lower planes of the plate at a distance less than the stroke of the striker. FIG. 4 illustrates an example of the practical use of the test bench for shock loads of a large-sized object - a spatial truss with an instrument unit 17 fixed on it, where the distance δ from the striker to the metal panel 1 should be less than the striker stroke

The stand works as follows.

Prior to testing, the required number of pyrotechnic devices 6 is determined to form the required impact and their location relative to panel 1 (distance from the panel). When voltage is applied to the squib 14, it is triggered, powder gases are formed, the replaceable striker 10 moves before it strikes the panel 1 on which the test object (instruments and equipment) is installed. The use of various squibs 14, interchangeable strikers 10 (change materials, shape, mass of the striker) allows you to change the shape of the impact pulse. In addition, by changing the distance δ from the striker 10 to panel 1 (with the same squib), the maximum collision speed of the striker with the panel (test object) and, accordingly, the value of the shock loading impulse of the panel are changed. In this case, the operation of pyrotechnic devices can be performed both simultaneously and in any sequence. Obviously, the impact must be applied in the plane of symmetry of the panel in order to ensure the formation of a symmetrical longitudinal wave during the impact on the ends of the panel and the transverse waves during the impact perpendicular to the plane of attachment of the equipment. This is achieved by using adjustable supports 7, on which the pyrotechnic device 6 can be installed in different places. The distance from the striker 10 to the panel 1 is controlled by the thread 13 in the transition element mounted on the adjustable support 7 through the flange 15. Using a removable panel for the location of the equipment allows you to choose the main oscillation frequency that occurs in the panel due to reflection from its borders. The use of a pneumatic support 3 for fastening an interchangeable panel using clamps 4 provides sufficient rigidity to the test system when mounting the panel with instruments and equipment, the absence of large displacements after impact, and also provides the application of impact in the plane of the panel.

In addition, the presence of clamps allows you to quickly mount / disassemble the panel. At the same time, the eigenfrequencies of the air support remain low enough to affect reproducible impact effects. The resulting accelerations at the test object are recorded by acceleration sensors 5. By selecting the power of the squibs, the mass of material and the shape of the striker, as well as the number of simultaneously triggered pyrotechnic devices, they create the necessary impact on the test object. The procedure for selecting panel dimensions, the number of pyrotechnic devices, the distances from pyrotechnic devices to the panel belongs to the "know-how" of the invention, and is not considered in the materials presented.

Practical example

In FIG. Figure 4 shows a spatial truss with instrument cluster 17. The table shows the qualification levels of shock loads. The tests were carried out in accordance with the table sequentially along each of the three mutually perpendicular axes.

To ensure the necessary impact spectrum, the following procedure was applied. To install the truss with the instrument unit, an aluminum panel 800 × 800 × 20 mm in size was used, which was installed on four standard pneumatic bearings Y10N2.5 using clamps. The mass of the truss with the instrument unit is ~ 32 kg, the center of mass of the device is at a height of 620 mm. Control points - in the places of fastening of legs of a farm. The accelerometers ABC 052 were used. The pyrodevice has a hemispherical brass hammer with a mass of about 100 g. For an example, in FIG. Figure 5 shows (graph "c") the shock spectrum of accelerations obtained at the stand upon impact in the plane of attachment of the panel. The gap δ is 14 mm. The carrier frequency was 3.5 thousand Hz. The graph "a" shows the required values of the shock spectrum of accelerations.

The error in the formation of the test mode did not exceed in the entire frequency range 3 dB with an acceptable value of 6 dB.

Thus, it has been proved that high-quality testing of instruments and equipment (including, as in the considered example, large-sized) on shock impacts of high intensity in a wide range of reproducible loads is proved.

Claims (1)

Impact test bench for instruments and equipment, consisting of a device in the form of a panel with the tested equipment installed on it, recording sensors and pyrotechnic devices, characterized in that the panel is made in the form of a replaceable metal plate mounted on pneumatic supports with clamps, and pyrotechnic the devices are made inseparable with a thread on a cylindrical body and a movable interchangeable striker, which are installed in transition elements made in the form of a hollow cylinder with the bottom on one side of the cylinder, and a hole with a thread is made in the bottom of the cylinder for mounting the pyrotechnic device, and with a flange with holes on the opposite side for mounting the transition elements with pyrotechnic devices on adjustable supports, while the axis of symmetry of the strikers are in the median plane of the panel or perpendicular to it, and the strikers themselves are located from the ends of the upper and lower planes of the plate at a distance less than the stroke of the striker.

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