RU2616333C1 - Float block hydroelectric power plant based on the undershoot water wheels with active blades - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: hydroelectric power plant contains the identical blocks. Each of the blocks consists of a switchboard, floats, between which the frame with working channel tapered box is fixed and mounted undershoot water wheels with active blades on the parallel horizontal shafts, connected to the electric generator. The wheels are made as a set of coils with mutually perpendicular guide rails for the blades, dampers, limiters and balancing weights. The stepless control system is introduced, it contains mounted on the frame the intermediate and primary bumpers, the ramps, the axles with drop-down doors, the brackets with springs, providing the stretch of the ropes in the slugs of the flaps opening angle adjustment mechanism by the servo motor, mounted in the caisson tray, fixed on the frame. The floats are made in the form of sectional tanks with seacocks. Additionally, the compressor is introduced, it is connected to the caisson tray and the floats.

EFFECT: creation of the environmentally friendly simple design, which allows to increase the volume of the power generation.

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Description

The invention relates to hydropower and can be used to generate electricity due to the kinetic energy of river water flows without the construction of dams and other significant capital structures.

An ancient sinking water wheel is known that contains a rim with radially straight blades mounted. Due to the large diameter of the rim, the lower blades are immersed in the water flow almost perpendicular to the flow, which reduces the hydraulic resistance to rotation of the wheel (Collier's Encyclopedia) Access mode: http://enc-dic.com/colier/Vodjanoe-koleso-1860 .html).

The disadvantages of the known design are the large overall dimensions, the use of a powerful multiplier to achieve the required rotational speed of the generator shaft and significant costs for the manufacture of a water wheel.

A water wheel and a hydraulic motor are known, in which the working blades under the influence of gravity have the ability to move along the guides located on the radial axes of rotation of the working shaft. In a hydraulic motor, longitudinal movement occurs with the simultaneous rotation of the working blades (SU 1312237, IPC F03B 7/00, publ. 05.23.1987; SU 1696744, IPC F03B 7/00, publ. 07.12.1991).

The disadvantages of the known designs are: high complexity in the manufacture, difficulty in operation and the presence of significant limiting limits for reducing hydraulic resistance.

Known hydroelectric installation, which contains a vessel made in the form of a catamaran, between the hulls of which a working channel is formed. In the place of operation, the installation is fixed by anchor devices. To change and regulate the draft of the vessel, its hulls are equipped with kingstones (SU 1474317, IPC F03B 7/00, published on 04.23.1989).

The disadvantages of the known hydroelectric installation are: limited use of buildings with kingston, that is, it does not consider the operation of the installation in flooded and flooded to a certain depth (below the freezing level) positions and the absence of devices to control the speed of the water flow entering the working channel.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed technical solution is a hydropower installation containing n identical installations, each of which consists of two floats, rigidly connected to each other. The installation is located in the river. Water guide walls form the inlet channel. A turbine (water wheel) with blades is placed between the floats on a horizontal shaft. The shaft is mounted on the housings (frame) and kinematically connected with the generator (electric generator). The installation is equipped with a jumper. The housings are equipped with bearings for mounting the shaft. The rods are pivotally mounted on the housings. A flexible thread (cable) is pivotally connected with rods. The supports are located on opposite banks (SU 1788309, IPC F03B 13/00, F03B 7/00, publ. 15.01.1993).

The disadvantages of the known hydropower installation are: the lack of a control mechanism for the input parameter, namely, the speed of the water flow in the working channel, which is transformed by means of a water wheel into the angular frequency of the rotor of the electric generator, and tanks with kingstones that allow changing the position of the hydropower installation in the vertical direction (floating, flooded and flooded). The change in the speed of the water stream along the path and location in the transverse section of the river is due to the difference in cross-sectional areas and bottom reliefs in different sections, the presence of accelerations of water flows when merging with tributaries, etc., which makes it impossible without regulating the speed of the water flow in the working channel and changes in the coefficient of animation of the angular frequency of the water wheel in each unified block to use them in a group. In addition, ensuring the generation of an industrial frequency of 50 Hz can be achieved without the use of expensive thyristor switches, DC motors, additional electric generators, etc.

The technical result consists in the creation of a hydropower plant technologically advanced in manufacturing due to the simplicity of the design and the small overall dimensions of the discs of the casting water wheels, the possibility of using several casting water wheels located on shafts mounted in parallel on the frame of the hydropower station to increase the power, the possibility of using casting and stamping technologies, simplified transportation, etc., the use of submersible water wheels, in which when rotating around its axis Under the influence of gravity, the blades move along mutually perpendicular guides, the axes of which are shifted relative to the radial ones by a certain amount, which allows virtually without a rim in the water wheel to ensure vertical entry of the blades into the water stream with their simultaneous complete exit from the counterflow zone, thereby increasing the efficiency by reducing hydraulic resistance; in stabilizing the rotational speed of the rotor of the electric generator, which is proportional to the speed of the water flow in the working channel of the unit, when the flow rate of the river is changed within the permissible limits for generating an electric current of industrial frequency 50 Hz due to the use of shutters that open in an adjustable mode at the inlet of the working channel, servomotor, ramp, multiplier, gearbox and loaders (low-power generator, water pump, etc.) that protect against overheating T he primary power generator, which allows two-level regulation, namely, step and stepless; in ensuring the use of a hydroelectric power station in a floating (air-water), flooded and flooded to a certain depth (below the freezing level) position through the use of floats consisting of sectional tanks with kingston, a trough box with a lid, a shaft box and an integrated or remote compressor.

The essence of the invention is achieved by the fact that the float-operated block hydroelectric power station based on submersible water wheels with active blades contains the nth number of identical blocks, each of which consists of an integrated or remote switchboard with a typical control and switching circuit, floats, between which a frame with a tapering box is fixed working channel and water wheels with vanes installed by means of bearing supports with blades on parallel horizontal splined shafts, kinematically in steps through a chain gears and gears connected with the electric generator, and means for mechanical protection and fixation of the installation in the stream. The submersible water wheels are made in the form of a set of coils with mutually perpendicular guides for active blades, the axes of which are offset relative to the radial by a certain value Δ, such that the gap between the axial sleeve of the coil and the plane of the active blade is minimal and amounts to about 5 mm, dampers, limiters and balancing weights. In addition to a step kinematic connection, consisting of twin sprockets on splined shafts, an outer sprocket of a multiplier, chain gears mounted in a trough of a ventilated caisson mounted on a frame, a multiplier, a disconnect clutch, a gearbox, a belt drive and blowers, to stabilize the rotor speed of the electric generator at a value of 3000 rpm, which provides a frequency of electromotive force of a bipolar synchronous electric generator of 50 Hz, an additional system is introduced step control, containing intermediate and primary chippers fixed to the frame, a ramp, axles with drop-down wings, brackets with springs that provide cable tension in the blocks of the mechanism for adjusting the opening angle of the wings, both manually and automatically by means of a servomotor installed in the caisson's trough to which the caisson cover or shaft box are hermetically fixed. Floats are made in the form of sectional tanks with kingston. An integrated or remote compressor is connected to the caisson trough and floats.

In FIG. 1 shows a horizontal projection of the design of a float-operated block hydroelectric power station based on submersible water wheels with active blades; in FIG. 2 - view A of a float hydroelectric power station; in FIG. 3 - construction of a casting water wheel with active blades: a - two-blade; b - three-bladed; in - four-bladed.

A float block hydroelectric power station contains the nth number of identical blocks (for deep-sea rivers, vertically rigidly fixed groups of blocks with a unified control system and water wheel shafts mechanically connected via chain drives can be used), which are installed downstream at certain intervals of 5 ÷ 20 m depending on the width, depth and geographical location of the river.

Each block (Fig. 1, 2) consists of a frame 1, placed between two floats 2, made in the form of sectional tanks with kingston, on which are installed: box 3 working channel; by means of bearing bearings 4 on horizontal splined shafts 5 with twin chain sprockets 6 of a chain transmission 7 sets of submersible water wheels with active blades (Fig. 3a), consisting of coils 8, rotated for smooth running relative to each other by 45 °, with mutually perpendicular guides for active blades 9, the axes of which are offset relative to the radial ones by a certain value Δ (Fig. 3a), chosen so that the gap between the axial sleeve of the coil and the plane of the active blade 9 (at its maximum deflection under the influence of water pressure) was minimal and amounted to about 5 mm, and for three-blade and four-blade wheels (Fig. 3b, c) for low-speed flows based on the possibility of a greater coverage of the water flow per revolution of the water wheel, dampers 10, limiters 11 and balancing weights 12 ; intermediate 13 and primary 14 chippers; a trough 15 of a ventilated box, in which a multiplier 16 is placed with an external chain sprocket 17 connected by a chain gear 18 to the working elements, a disconnecting clutch 19, a gearbox 20, to the output shaft of which, by means of a belt gear 21, the main generator 22 and blowers 23 are connected, a servomotor 24 of the mechanism for opening the valves 25; axis 26 of the leaves 25; ramp 27, brackets 28 with springs 29, providing tension of the cables 30 in the blocks 31 of the mechanism for opening the shutters 25; protective grill 32; cables 33, duplicating the operation of the servomotor 24 in manual mode, and cables 34 attached to external supports 35; removable caisson cover 36 and shaft box 37. The switchboard 38 of the float hydroelectric power unit based on submersible water wheels with active blades is formed on the basis of well-known control and switching circuits (not shown) and is built-in or remote. The compressor 39, used for ventilation of the trough 15 of the ventilated caisson and in the system for regulating the vertical position of the floats 2, can be built-in or remote.

It is known that the operation of platinum and riverbed hydroelectric power plants differs in stability and the magnitude of the speed of the used water flows. Changes in the river flow rate are due to their geographical location, channel cross-sectional parameters, seasonality, and other factors. Therefore, there is a need for preliminary selective technological adjustment of the float-operated block hydroelectric power station based on submersible water wheels with active blades as applied to the place of the planned operation. To perform these works, knowledge of statistical data is required on the minimum V _{T min} and maximum V _{T max} river flow rates in the selected time calendar interval for its use at the hosted facility and the corresponding frequencies n _{in the} rotation of the horizontal splined shafts 5 when the wings 25 open at an angle ϕ = 30 ° (at ϕ _max = 45 °). This allows you to determine the coefficients for animation from the ratio k = 3000 / n _in and make a decision on the power N _{g of the} main generator 22, which should be less than 10 ÷ 30% of the power N _K on the output shaft of the gearbox 20. Power control N _{K is} made at a minimum speed V _{T min of} the river flow and at maximum load in all dive positions due to a change in the number of simultaneously used submersible water wheels 7 with active blades 9 and the number of coils 8 in them.

A feature of the operation of casting water wheels with active blades 9 is the dynamic nature of the movement of the active blades 9 along the guide coils 8. In this case, the dependence must be maintained

t _x ≤0.5T,

where t _x is the travel time of the active blades 9 in one stroke between the extreme positions;

T is the rotation period of the coil 8 (time of a full revolution).

On a falling body in a resisting medium (in water), gravity, Archimedean force, water resistance force and friction force in the guides act. The theoretical calculation of the value of t _x is complicated, but justifies the increase in the rate of fall of the body with an increase in its weight and maintaining other parameters of the system at a constant level. Therefore, it is advisable to use empirical dependency tables:

t _x = ƒ (P _l ),

where P _l - the total weight of the active blades 9, limiters 11 and balancing weights 12.

Moreover, in order to avoid excessive dynamic shocks in magnitude, the selection of removable balancing weights 12 is carried out under the maximum river flow velocity V _{T max} in the selected time calendar interval.

Float-operated hydroelectric station based on sinking water wheels with active blades operates as follows. The water flow of the river flows through the protective grid 32 and guided by the ramp 27 and the opening mechanism of the valves 25, which are in the closed position, that is, ϕ = 0 °, where, acting on the active blades 9, rotates the horizontal splined shafts 5, which is transmitted through twin sprocket 6, the connecting chain 18 and transmission sprocket 17 on the outer multiplier 16. Based on the magnitude of the frequency n _M selects the i-th transmission gear ratio of the gear 20 and the power k _CPI dogruzhatelya n _D 23 of the track boiling ratios:

k _kpi ≤3000 / n _M ,

N _D = N _Ki -N _Kmin ,

where N _Ki is the power on the output shaft of the gearbox 20 in i-th gear;

N _Kmin ^_ power on the output shaft of the gearbox 20 in high gear at a minimum river flow velocity V _{T min} .

To generate an electric current of industrial frequency of 50 Hz, the frequency n of the _{RG of} rotation of the rotor of the generator 22 must be stabilized at 3000 rpm For this, with the i-th gear of the gearbox 20, the frequency n _M on the output shaft of the multiplier 16 should correspond to the value n _M = 3000 / k _kpi;. This is achieved by changing the angle ϕ of the opening of the valves 25, produced by a servomotor 24 through the cables 30 with blocks 31, and in manual mode - by pulling the cables 33.

Adjustment is carried out: in a floating (air-water) position when the active blades 9 are completely immersed in water; in flooded and flooded positions - with fully immersed in water box 3 working channel.

The inclusion of the float hydroelectric power station in the work is done by a disconnecting clutch 19.

With changes in the river flow velocity V _T, the frequency of the _RG of the rotor of the electric generator 22 rotational speed 22 is kept at 3000 rpm in the i-th gear is realized: in the flooded position (below the freezing level) - by changing the opening angle ϕ of the valves 25, in the flooded position - by changing the angle ϕ the opening of the sash 25 and the position of the frame 1 with the ramp 27 in the vertical direction using the compressor 39, in the floating position (air-water) - by changing the angle ϕ of the opening of the sash 25, while the vertical movement of the frame 1 using the compressor 39 is used for stable power N _Ki on the output shaft of the gearbox 20 in the i-th gear due to the reduction (increase) in the area of contact of the water flow with the active blades 9, which, in turn, eliminates the need for load shakers 23.

With a significant change in the velocity V _{T of} the river flow, which is uncharacteristic of flat rivers, the disconnecting clutch 19 is activated and the system is readjusted according to the above method.

The proposed float block hydroelectric power station based on submersible water wheels with active blades is environmentally friendly and has a simple technological design, which in the near future will increase the production of self-renewing energy on an industrial scale.

Claims (1)

A block float hydropower plant based on submersible water wheels with active blades, containing the nth number of identical units, each of which consists of an integrated or remote switchboard with a typical control and switching circuit, floats, between which a frame is fixed with a tapering box of the working channel and installed by bearings with water wheels with blades on parallel horizontal splined shafts, kinematically stepwise through chain and gear transmissions connected with electric cogeneration, and means for mechanical protection and fixing the installation in the stream, characterized in that the submersible water wheels are made in the form of a set of coils with mutually perpendicular guides for active blades, the axes of which are offset relative to the radial by a certain amount Δ, such that the gap between the axial sleeve the coil and the plane of the active blade was minimal and amounted to about 5 mm, dampers, limiters and balancing weights, and in addition to a step kinematic connection consisting of paired stars goggles on splined shafts, an external sprocket of a multiplier, chain gears mounted in a trough of a ventilated caisson mounted on a frame, a multiplier, a disconnect clutch, a gearbox, a belt drive and blowers, to stabilize the rotor speed of the electric generator at 3000 rpm, which provides a frequency of the electromotive force of a bipolar synchronous electric generator of 50 Hz; an infinitely variable control system is also introduced, containing an intermediate precise and primary chippers, a ramp, axles with drop-down wings, brackets with springs that provide cable tension in the blocks of the mechanism for adjusting the opening angle of the wings both in manual and automatic mode by means of a servomotor installed in the caisson trough, to which the caisson cover is sealed a mine box, floats are made in the form of sectional tanks with kingstones, an integrated or remote compressor is also introduced, connected to the caisson trough and floats.

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