RU2615810C1 - Integral milking and pasteurizing dairy complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: dairy complex contains a milking machine, milk receiver, dispenser, pasteurizer, milk cooling unit with a heat exchanger and electric cooling modules, a holding tank of the finished product, which are all combined in one single process chain by a control unit, and a power supply. The pasteurizer is made in the form of infrared emitters (22) placed in quartz tubes (21) mounted in a cylindrical housing (19). The infrared emitters are connected to the power supply (24) via conductors (23). The pasteurizer cylindrical housing has round end plates (20) installed parallel to its end faces with quartz tubes fixed between the plates and equipped with infrared emitters. The round end plates are designed with radial cutouts, in which six longitudinal plate stirrers (25) are mounted parallel to the quartz tubes. The assembly on the round end plates is placed on a central axial shaft (26) which is mounted for reverse rotation in the center of the end surfaces of the cylindrical housing and connected to an external gear motor (27).

EFFECT: maintained organoleptic properties of milk.

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Description

The invention relates to milk collectors, and in particular to devices for the primary processing of milk in the lines of milking installations for the disinfection of milk, and can be used in the food industry.

Known integral milking dairy complex (see, for example, RF patent No. 2473212, class A01J 9/02, 2013), comprising a milking machine, a vacuum pump, teat cups, a milk pipe, a filter, a milk receiver, a milk cooling device, a dispenser and bactericidal lamp.

The known complex does not provide high-quality processing of milk.

Processing milk with infrared radiation is one of the most promising methods for its disinfection.

Known electrical pasteurizers A1-OPE produced by the plant Ekomash.

As a result of pasteurization in this installation, the number of bacteria in milk is significantly reduced without affecting the taste and quality. In this pasteurizer, the optimal spectrum of infrared radiation was chosen, in which organic molecules absorb a maximum of energy. Pasteurization is carried out for 2-5 s, at a temperature of 79-84 ° C, after which the milk is cooled in the system included in the electro-pasteurizer.

A disadvantage of the known pasteurizer is that the plate heat exchanger included in the cooling system slowly gains temperature, in addition, the installation does not completely solve the problem of possible burning of milk.

Known electro-pasteurizer for liquid products (see, for example, RF patent No. 2045919, class A21L 3/18, A23C 3/07 1995), comprising an infrared heating section, storage tank, regenerator, cooler, pump. The IR heating section represents a set of quartz tubes with a heating system by an electric spiral located on the upper surface of the tube covered by a reflector. A second tube is installed in this tube with an annular gap through which milk is supplied.

To uniformly heat the milk and prevent it from burning when moving along this gap, a pulsator and a swirl of milk flow are introduced in series at the inlet of the section, converting the laminar flow of milk into a turbulent one.

The disadvantage of the known electro-pasteurizer is the relatively small turbulence of the milk flow over the entire volume of the pasteurizer, because turbulence generating means are located only at the entrance to the IR heating section and are connected in series.

Closest to the proposed one is a milk pasteurization unit (see, for example, RF patent No. 2415595, class A22C 3/07, 2010), which contains a storage tank mounted in the technological sequence, a centrifugal pump, a plate two-section recuperator, an IR processing unit, a thermostat , cooler block with water refrigerant with a temperature of 2-3 ° C, storage capacity of the finished product. The block of IR emitters is made in the form of infrared (IR) emitters with an electrically conductive filament of nichrome, coaxially placed in quartz tubes, sealed with an annular gap in a cylindrical stainless steel casing, infrared emitters are connected through the conductors to the power supply.

A through annular channel in a cylindrical housing communicates with a tubular thermostat for holding milk. In the pasteurizer, milk flows along quartz tubes with infrared emitters that generate infrared waves that freely penetrate the quartz glass of the tubes and are absorbed by milk heated for 2-5 s to a temperature of 79-84 ° C. There is a process of pasteurization and disinfection.

However, the proposed pasteurizer has disadvantages.

The external stainless steel cylinder, which reflects infrared radiation, is heated quite strongly during operation, which leads to a sticking of the laminar milk flowing in it. Cleaning the cylinder of burnt milk is extremely difficult.

The proposed integrated milking and pasteurization dairy complex solves the problem of pasteurization of milk during milking and obtaining and ensuring complete and uniform processing of the product with high reliability, while maintaining its organic and organoleptic properties.

To solve this problem, an integrated milking and pasteurization dairy complex containing a milk receiver, a dispenser, a pasteurizer, a milk cooling device with a heat exchanger and electric cooling modules, a cumulative capacity of the finished product, combined into a single technological chain by a control unit, and a power supply unit, the pasteurizer made in the form infrared (IR) emitters, coaxially placed in quartz tubes, sealed in a cylindrical body, infrared emitters through wire the sensors are connected to the power supply unit, the milking machine is switched on, the collector of which through the milk pipe with the filter installed at the outlet is connected to the milk receiver, in the cylindrical body of the pasteurizer parallel to its end surfaces are installed strips with radial cuts, on the lateral surfaces of which longitudinal strips-mixers, quartz tubes with IR emitters are installed between the end surfaces of the strips placed on the central axial shaft, which is mounted to rotate in the center of the end the outer surfaces of the cylindrical body and is connected to an external gear motor.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a complex, and in FIG. 2 shows the design of the pasteurizer.

Integrated milking and pasteurization dairy complex (see Fig. 1) contains milking cups 1, milking unit 2, vacuum line 3 milking cups, vacuum line 4, milk line 5 milking cups, filter 6, milk receiver 7, dispenser 8, solenoid valve 9 of the inlet dispenser, solenoid valve 10 input to the pasteurizer 11, the output electrovalve 12 of the pasteurizer 11, the cooling device 13, the milk collector 14, the milk pipe 15 output with a shut-off valve 16, the housing 17, the control unit 18.

The pasteurizer (see Fig. 2) contains a housing 19 made in the form of an aluminum cylinder, parallel to the end surfaces of which round end plates 20 are mounted, with quartz tubes 21 fixed to them with IR emitters 22, through conductors 23 connected to the power supply 24, round end strips 20 are made with radial cuts in which the mixer bars 25 are fixed, the central axial shaft 26 connected to the gear motor 27.

The complex works as follows.

The supply voltage of the complex is turned on. Milking cups 1 are connected to the cow's udder. The milk that is milked out through the milk line 5 and the filter 6 enters the milk receiver 7 and through the electrovalve 9 to the dispenser 8. When the dispenser 8 is filled, the milk enters the pasteurizer 11 through the electrovalve 10. At the same time, three IR emitters 22 are turned on and voltage is supplied to the reverse gear motor 27 the central axial shaft 26, while the milk is heated by IR emitters, which is simultaneously mixed with reversibly rotating stirrer bars 25 and quartz tubes 21. After the pasteurizer is completely filled with milk, electro valve 10 closes. Milk heating is continuously monitored by a temperature sensor, and when the set pasteurization temperature is reached, the IR emitters are turned off, the rotation of the IR emitters is stopped, the solenoid valve 12 is opened, and the milk from the pasteurization unit is poured into the cooling device 13, made in the form of a heat exchanger with electric generators and refrigerators. Cooled to a temperature of ≤5 ° C milk is poured into the milk collector 14 through the milk line 15 output.

The process is repeated until the entire volume of milk is processed from the milk receiver 7. The supply voltage is turned off.

The advantages of the proposed complex consist in the fact that a fundamentally new pasteurization device has been created, which implements the pasteurization process directly when milking cows in aseptic mode, since it occurs in a sealed volume, without contacting with the surrounding air and without operator intervention in automatic mode, provided by the control unit 18. The pasteurization unit implements the original layout of three standard serial halogen quartz cylindrical IR emitters with the required radiation power and wavelength. Six longitudinal stirrer bars 25, the outer side of which coincides with the outer diameter of the round end plates, which are placed in an aluminum case 19, the inner diameter of which is close to their outer diameter, which ensures uniform heating and mixing of milk and eliminates the possibility of burning milk and the formation of milk stone on the surfaces of internal structures due to the high turbulence of the movement of milk with continuous monitoring of its temperature by a sensor installed at the outlet fitting of the housing (on Fig. 2 is shown by the symbol T °).

The overall design of the complex is made in the form of a single unit in an airtight housing 17, which can be installed on the cart of the milking machine instead of a milk collector, for example, a flask. This ensures the mobility of the complex and overall dimensions are practically unchanged.

Claims (1)

An integrated milking and pasteurization dairy complex containing a milk receiver, a dispenser, a pasteurizer, a milk cooling device with a heat exchanger and electric cooling modules, a cumulative capacity of the finished product combined into a single technological chain by a control unit, and a power supply unit, the pasteurizer being made in the form of infrared (IR) emitters placed in quartz tubes mounted in a cylindrical body, infrared emitters through conductors connected to a power supply, characterized in that the complex includes a milking machine, the collector of which through the milk line with the filter installed at the outlet is connected to the milk receiver, round end plates are installed in the cylindrical body of the pasteurizer parallel to its end surfaces, with quartz tubes fixed between them with IR emitters, round end plates are made with radial cutouts in which six longitudinal stirrer bars are fixed parallel to the quartz tubes, the assembly on the round end plates is placed on the central axial shaft, to tory mounted for reverse rotation on the center of the end surfaces of the cylindrical body and connected to an external gear motor.

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