DK141611B - Apparatus for sterilizing liquid foods, especially milk products. - Google Patents

Apparatus for sterilizing liquid foods, especially milk products. Download PDF

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Publication number
DK141611B
DK141611B DK170868AA DK170868A DK141611B DK 141611 B DK141611 B DK 141611B DK 170868A A DK170868A A DK 170868AA DK 170868 A DK170868 A DK 170868A DK 141611 B DK141611 B DK 141611B
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Denmark
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product
sterilized
sterilization
temperature
milk
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DK170868AA
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Danish (da)
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DK141611C (en
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Robert Angue
Raoul Wander
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A T A D Sa
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23CDAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C3/00Preservation of milk or milk preparations
    • A23C3/02Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating
    • A23C3/03Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating the materials being loose unpacked
    • A23C3/033Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating the materials being loose unpacked and progressively transported through the apparatus
    • A23C3/0335Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating the materials being loose unpacked and progressively transported through the apparatus the milk being heated by electrical or mechanical means, e.g. by friction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/27Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices
    • B01F27/271Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed radially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/27Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices
    • B01F27/271Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed radially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator
    • B01F27/2713Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed radially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator the surfaces having a conical shape
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/27Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices
    • B01F27/272Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed axially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator, e.g. the stator rotor system formed by conical or cylindrical surfaces
    • B01F27/2722Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed axially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator, e.g. the stator rotor system formed by conical or cylindrical surfaces provided with ribs, ridges or grooves on one surface
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/27Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices
    • B01F27/272Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed axially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator, e.g. the stator rotor system formed by conical or cylindrical surfaces
    • B01F27/2723Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed axially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator, e.g. the stator rotor system formed by conical or cylindrical surfaces the surfaces having a conical shape
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24VCOLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F24V40/00Production or use of heat resulting from internal friction of moving fluids or from friction between fluids and moving bodies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F2025/91Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
    • B01F2025/912Radial flow

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Dairy Products (AREA)

Description

(11) FREMLÆGGELSESSKRIFT 1M611 DANMARK (51) lnt Cl 3 A 23 c 3/033 §(21) Ansøgning nr. 1 708/68 (22) Indleveret den 17· &pr. 1968 (23) Ubedag 17· apr. 1968 (44) Ansøgningen fremlagt og fremlæggelsesakriftet offentliggjort den 12. maj 19 80(11) PRESENTATION 1M611 DENMARK (51) lnt Cl 3 A 23 c 3/033 § (21) Application No. 1 708/68 (22) Filed on 17 · & per. 1968 (23) Disagreement 17 · Apr. 1968 (44) The application presented and the submission document published on 12 May 19 80

DIREKTORATET FORDIRECTORATE OF

PATENT-OG VAREMÆRKEVÆSENET (30) Prioritet begæret fra denPATENT AND TRADE MARKET (30) Priority requested from it

18. apr. 1967, 105192, ER 15. dec. 1967, 132589, FRApr 18 1967, 105192, ER Dec 15 1967, 132589, FR

(71) A T A D SOCIETE ANONYME, 82, Rue Rarabuteau, Paris 1, FR.(71) A T A D SOCIETY ANONYMOUS, 82, Rue Rarabuteau, Paris 1, FR.

(72) Opfinder: Robert Angue, 9, Avenue de la Concorde, Οβ-Antibes, FR: Raoul Wander, 11 bis, rue Jean, Coujon 75, Paris 8, FR.(72) Inventor: Robert Angue, 9, Avenue de la Concorde, Οβ-Antibes, FR: Raoul Wander, 11 bis, rue Jean, Coujon 75, Paris 8, FR.

(74) Fuldmægtig under sagens behandling:(74) Plenipotentiary in the proceedings:

Internationalt Patent-Bureau.International Patent Office.

(54) Apparat til sterilisation af flydende næringsmidler, specielt mælke« produkter.(54) Apparatus for the sterilization of liquid foods, especially milk 'products.

Opfindelsen angår et apparat til sterilisation af flydende næringsmidler, specielt mælkeprodukter, med en skive, der kan bringes til rotation i et hus, en tilførselsåbning til materialet, der skal steriliseres, i nærheden af skivens rotationsaksel og en afgangsåbning for det steriliserede materiale i nærheden af skivens periferi.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to an apparatus for sterilizing liquid foods, especially milk products, with a disc that can be rotated in a housing, a feed opening for the material to be sterilized, near the rotational shaft of the disc, and a discharge opening for the sterilized material in the vicinity of the periphery of the disc.

Ved de klassiske fremgangsmåder til sterilisering ved indvirkning af varme giver man produktet, der skal steriliseres en vis temperatur i et forudbestemt tidsrum. Således udfører man sædvanligvis sterilisation af mælk i uemballeret tilstand ved 130-150°C i nogle sekunder eller i op til 1 minut, idet man bringer mælken i kontakt med en opvarmet væg eller med damp (upérisation). Disse to opvarmningsmåder ved kontakt har den ulempe, at de giver mælken et termisk chok, 2 141511 idet mælkens partikler pludselig bringes nær metalpartikler eller damp, der er meget varmere end mælkepartiklerne. Dette bevirker en forringelse af de organolep-tiske og ernæringsmæssige egenskaber for mælken, afhængigt af temperaturen og varigheden af kontakten, ligesom der sker en vis adskillelse af bestanddelene, der ofte nødvendiggør en påfølgende homogenisering. Endvidere er det, når opvarmningen af mælken foretages ved kontakt med damp, absolut nødvendigt at fjerne vand, der tilføres mælken. Mælkesterilisation med damp er endvidere ikke tilladt af lovgivningen i visse lande.The classical methods of sterilizing by heat effect give the product to be sterilized a certain temperature for a predetermined period of time. Thus, sterilization of milk in the unpackaged state is usually carried out at 130-150 ° C for a few seconds or for up to 1 minute, contacting the milk with a heated wall or with steam (operaisation). These two heating modes on contact have the disadvantage that they give the milk a thermal shock, as the milk particles are suddenly brought near metal particles or steam much hotter than the milk particles. This causes a deterioration of the organoleptic and nutritional properties of the milk, depending on the temperature and duration of the contact, as well as some separation of the components which often necessitate subsequent homogenization. Furthermore, when the heating of the milk is done by contact with steam, it is imperative to remove water supplied to the milk. Furthermore, milk sterilization with steam is not permitted by the laws of some countries.

Ved disse klassiske fremgangsmåder, ved hvilke mælken opvarmes til en høj temperatur, og holdes ved denne i et vist tidsrum, fremkommer tre virkninger: for det første en gavnlig biologisk virkning, dvs. nedbrydning af de mikroorganismer, der findes i mælken, hvilken nedbrydning netop er formålet med sterilisationen.In these classical methods, in which the milk is heated to a high temperature and kept there for a certain period of time, three effects appear: firstly, a beneficial biological effect, ie. degradation of the microorganisms present in the milk, which degradation is precisely the purpose of sterilization.

For det andet en uønsket kemisk virkning, nemlig kemisk ændring af visse ømfindtlige organiske molekyler, der medfører ændringer i farven og i de organoleptiske egenskaber og nedbrydning af en del af proteinerne og vitaminerne i den oprindelige mælk og endda af og til kan føre til en krakning eller påbrænding, som følge af at produktets partikler klæber til varmevæggene som følge af fejlagtig drift eller afbrydelse af sterilisationsapparatet. For det tredje har behandlingen en fysisk virkning, der ligeledes er uønsket, idet der sker en adskillelse af bestanddelene, specielt af fløden i mælken.Second, an undesirable chemical effect, namely the chemical alteration of certain delicate organic molecules, which causes changes in the color and organoleptic properties and degradation of some of the proteins and vitamins in the original milk and even sometimes can lead to cracking or incineration due to the particles of the product adhering to the heating walls due to improper operation or disconnection of the sterilizer. Thirdly, the treatment has a physical effect which is also undesirable in that the ingredients are separated, especially the cream in the milk.

Det har nu vist sig, at det er fordelagtigt at gennemføre sterilisering af næringsmidler, specielt af mælkeprodukter, ved at udsætte produktet, der skal steriliseres ,i et tidsrum, der er meget begrænset og af størrelsesordenen en brøkdel af et sekund, samtidig for en sterilisationstemperatur og for en mekanisk kraft, idet disse to faktorer ved deres forenede virkning praktisk taget øjeblikkeligt bevirker den ønskede nedbrydning af mikroorganismerne, uden at de organiske molekyler nedbrydes, som følge af at sterilisations temperaturen anvendes i et ekstremt kort tidsrum. I apparatet ifølge opfindelsen bringes produktet, der skal steriliseresjtil sterilisationstemperaturen, ikke ved kontakt med en væg eller damp, der er meget varmere end produktet, således at der fremkommer et termisk chok, der fremmer molekylnedbrydninger, men ved progressiv indre opvarmning i selve produktet uden tilførsel af ydre varme. Man får således et steriliseret produkt, der er praktisk taget identisk, med hensyn til kemisk og fysisk sammensætning, med det oprindelige produkt, men befriet for kim, der er skadelige ud fra et hygiejnisk og holdbarhedsmæssigt synspunkt. Behandlingen i apparatet medfører således som praktisk taget eneste virkning nedbrydning af mikroorganismerne, idet den lader det oprindelige produkts kemiske og fysiske sammensætning uændret, som følge af at den termiske virkning er progressiv og af meget begrænset varighed (en brøkdel af et sekund), medens ved de klassiske fremgangsmåder til sterilisa- 3 141611 tion ved opvarmning denne termiske virkning er brutal og af lang varighed (adskillige sekunder eller op mod 1 minut) og som følge heraf fører til en kemisk nedbrydning og en fysisk adskillelse. Man adskiller således ved behandlingen i det omhandlede apparat den nyttige virkning ved sterilisationen, dvs. nedbrydning af kimene, fra de skadelige virkninger, der skyldes kemisk nedbrydning og fysisk segregering.It has now been found advantageous to carry out sterilization of foodstuffs, especially of dairy products, by subjecting the product to be sterilized for a time which is very limited and on the order of a fraction of a second, at the same time for a sterilization temperature. and for a mechanical force, these two factors, by their combined action, effect almost instantaneously the desired degradation of the microorganisms without degrading the organic molecules due to the use of the sterilization temperature for an extremely short period of time. In the apparatus of the invention, the product to be sterilized to the sterilization temperature is not brought into contact with a wall or steam much warmer than the product so as to produce a thermal shock which promotes molecular degradation but by progressive internal heating in the product itself without supply of external heat. Thus, a sterilized product which is practically identical, in terms of chemical and physical composition, is obtained with the original product, but liberated from germs which are harmful from a hygienic and durable point of view. Thus, the treatment in the apparatus, as practically the only effect, causes degradation of the microorganisms, leaving the chemical and physical composition of the original product unchanged, as the thermal effect is progressive and of very limited duration (a fraction of a second), while at The classic methods of sterilization by heating this thermal effect are brutal and of long duration (several seconds or up to 1 minute) and as a result lead to chemical decomposition and physical separation. Thus, the useful effect of sterilization, i.e. germ degradation, from the deleterious effects caused by chemical degradation and physical segregation.

Apparatet ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved, at skiven kan drives med en hastighed, der er tilstrækkelig til, at materialet, der skal steriliseres,ved væskefriktion opnår en til sterilisation tilstrækkelig temperatur, at afstanden mellem i det mindste den ene af skivens flader og en stationær væg i huset er af størrelsesordenen 0,2-0,3 ram, og ved at afgangsåbningen er dimensioneret således, eller er forbundet med modtryksdannende organer således, at der under apparatets drift kan opretholdes et tryk i husets indre, der er tilstrækkeligt til undgåelse af kogning af væsken ved sterilisationstemperatur.The apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that the disk can be operated at a speed sufficient for the material to be sterilized to achieve, at liquid friction, a temperature sufficient for sterilization that the distance between at least one of the surfaces of the disk and a stationary wall in the housing is of the order of 0.2-0.3 ram, and in that the outlet opening is dimensioned such that, or is connected to counterpressure means, so that during operation of the apparatus a pressure can be maintained in the interior of the housing sufficient to avoid the boiling the liquid at sterilization temperature.

Dette apparat muliggør dels at produktet opnår den ønskede temperatur, og dels at der på partiklerne i dette udøves en mekanisk kraft tilstrækkelig til at beskadige eller endog ødelægge cellevæggene af mikroorganismerne, der eventuelt er til stede i produktet, der skal steriliseres.This apparatus enables, on the one hand, the product to reach the desired temperature, and on the other, that the particles therein exert a mechanical force sufficient to damage or even destroy the cell walls of the microorganisms possibly present in the product to be sterilized.

Den enkleste konstruktion af apparatet opnås,når skiven er afgrænset af to parallelle flader.The simplest construction of the apparatus is achieved when the disc is bounded by two parallel surfaces.

Ved apparatet ifølge opfindelsen tilvejebringer man således, samtidig med at der udøves en mekanisk kraft med nedbrydende virkning på cellevæggene i mikroorganismerne, en opvarmning af partiklerne i produktet, der skal steriliseres, ved gnidning mod væggene, mellem hvilke produktet befinder sig, idet det bemærkes, at disse vægge ikke er opvarmet til en temperatur højere end temperaturen af produktet, der kommer i kontakt med dem (som det er tilfældet ved de klassiske tidligere apparater til termisk sterilisation), hvorved ethvert termisk chok og som følge heraf en kemisk nednrydning og fysisk adskillelse af de forskellige bestanddele i produktet, der skal steriliseres, undgås. Alene mikroorganismerne, der eventuelt er til stede i produktet, der skal steriliseres, ødelægges, og dette i praktisk taget total udstrækning.Thus, the apparatus according to the invention provides, while exerting a mechanical force with degrading effect on the cell walls of the microorganisms, a heating of the particles in the product to be sterilized by rubbing against the walls between which the product is located, as noted, that these walls are not heated to a temperature higher than the temperature of the product coming into contact with them (as is the case with the classic prior thermal sterilization apparatus), thereby causing any thermal shock and consequently chemical degradation and physical separation; of the various components of the product to be sterilized is avoided. Only the microorganisms that may be present in the product to be sterilized are destroyed, and this to an almost total extent.

Det har overraskende vist sig, at samtidig anvendelse af en mekanisk kraft, der er tilstrækkelig til at ødelægge eller i det mindste beskadige cellevæggene, og en vis temperatur muliggør gennemførelse af en effektiv sterilisation ved en lavere temperatur og/eller i et kortere tidsrum end ved de rent termiske fremgangsmåder, der kun anvender en vis opvarmning i et vist tidsrum. Som følge af at pro- 141611 4 dukter, der skal steriliseres, specielt et mælkeprodukt, underkastes en temperatur, der er lavere og/eller behandles i et kortere tidsrum end ved ren termisk sterilisation, undergår produktets bestanddele ikke væsentlig kemisk nedbrydning og/ eller fysisk segregering. Der fås et produkt, der i det væsentlige er identisk med udgangsproduktet før steriliseringen, hvilket specielt gælder for mælk, bortset fra at mikroorganismerne, der eventuelt er til stede, er nedbrudt af den forenede indvirkning af varmebehandlingen og den mekaniske kraft.Surprisingly, it has been found that the simultaneous use of a mechanical force sufficient to destroy or at least damage the cell walls, and a certain temperature, enables effective sterilization to be carried out at a lower temperature and / or for a shorter period than the purely thermal processes which use only a certain amount of heating for a certain period of time. Because products to be sterilized, especially a milk product, are subjected to a temperature lower and / or treated for a shorter period of time than by pure thermal sterilization, the constituents of the product do not undergo substantial chemical degradation and / or physical segregation. A product is obtained which is essentially identical to the starting product prior to sterilization, which is especially true for milk, except that the microorganisms that may be present are degraded by the combined effect of the heat treatment and mechanical force.

For at gennemføre den selektive nedbrydning af mikroorganismerne under de bedst mulige omstændigheder uden væsentlig nedbrydning eller segregering har det vist sig, at det er fordelagtigt at arbejde under følgende betingelser, når mælk skal steriliseres: temperaturen må ikke overstige 145°C, tidsrummet for anvendelse af den maksimale temperatur må ikke overstige nogle tiendedele af 1 sekund, produktet, der skal steriliseres, skal ledes mellem overfladerne af vægge, der har en afstand på højst 0,5 mm, og den maksimale hastighed for den relative forskydning (i nærheden af periferien af skiven) skal være større end 50 m pr. se-kung, og fortrinsvis af størrelsesordenen 60-80 m pr. sekund eller mere.In order to carry out the selective degradation of the microorganisms in the best possible circumstances without significant degradation or segregation, it has been found to be advantageous to operate under the following conditions when sterilizing milk: the temperature should not exceed 145 ° C, the period of use of the maximum temperature must not exceed a few tenths of 1 second, the product to be sterilized must be passed between the surfaces of walls having a distance not exceeding 0.5 mm and the maximum velocity of the relative displacement (near the periphery of the the disc) must be greater than 50 m per see-king, and preferably of the order of 60-80 m per head. second or more.

Under disse foretrukne omstændigheder forbliver mælken absolut stabil under steriliseringsbehandlingen, selv hvis der er et overskud til stede af albumin, calcium og/eller syre. Specielt fremkommer der ingen koagulation ved behandlingen, og man får steriliseret mælk, der stadig er et komplet næringsmiddel med hele den næringsværdi, der besiddes af mælken, der anvendes som udgangsmateriale, uden væsentligt tab af vitaminer, thiamin, lysin eller andre aminosyrer. Endelig bemærkes, at fordøjeligheden af mælkens protein ikke ændres ved sterilisationsbehandlingen.In these preferred circumstances, the milk remains absolutely stable during the sterilization treatment, even if there is an excess of albumin, calcium and / or acid present. In particular, no coagulation occurs during treatment, and sterilized milk is obtained, which is still a complete nutrient with the whole nutritional value of the milk used as the starting material, without significant loss of vitamins, thiamine, lysine or other amino acids. Finally, it is noted that the digestibility of the milk protein is not altered by the sterilization treatment.

Opfindelsen illustreres nærmere i det følgende under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 og 2 henholdsvis i snit og lateral opstalt viser et apparat med flad skive ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 3 skematisk viser et sterilisationsanlæg med det i fig. 1 og 2 viste skiveapparat, fig. 4 i lateral opstalt viser installeringen af det i fig. 1 og 2 viste skiveapparat, fig. 5 og 6 viser henholdsvis i længdesnit og lateral opstalt et apparat analogt med det, der er gengivet i fig. 1 og 2, men med let buet skive, fig. 7 viser en kurve, der illustrerer temperaturstigningen (afsat langs ordinaten i celsiusgrader) i funktion af tiden (afsat langs abscissen i tiendedele sekund) i et sterilisationsapparat ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 8 gengiver i snit en anden udføre Isesform for et apparat med plan skive.The invention is further illustrated in the following with reference to the drawing, in which 1 and 2 are respectively sectional and lateral views showing a flat disk apparatus according to the invention; 3 is a schematic view of a sterilization system of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and 2, FIG. 4 is a lateral elevation showing the installation of the device shown in FIG. 1 and 2, FIG. 5 and 6 show, respectively, in longitudinal section and laterally arranged an apparatus analogous to that shown in FIG. 1 and 2, but with slightly curved disc, fig. 7 shows a graph illustrating the rise in temperature (plotted along the ordinate in degrees centigrade) over time (plotted along the abscissa for tenths of a second) in a sterilizing apparatus according to the invention; 8 is a sectional view of another embodiment of a flat disk apparatus.

5 ϊ: 1416115 ϊ: 141611

Fig. 1 og 2 viser et eksempie på en udførelsesform for et apparat ifølge opfindelsen til sterilisation, hvilket apparat har en plait skive 1, der kan roteres i retningen af pilen f rundt om sin akse XSt i det indre af et hus 2. Afstanden e mellem hver bevægelig flade la og Ib på skiven 1 og de faste flader 2a og 2b i huset er af størrelsesordenen 0,2 til 0,3 ran. Produktet, der skal steriliseres, f.eks. mælk, tilføres til et rum 3 mellem skiven 1 og huset 2 ved stedet 4 i nærheden af rotationsaksen XX for skiven 1 (se ligeledes fig. 3), medens det steriliserede produkt afgår ved 5 i nærheden af periferien 6 af skiven 1 (se ligeledes fig. 3). Dan mekaniske kraft udgøres af centrifugalkraften, der indvirker på produktet, der drives fra centret (aksen XX) mod periferien 6 af skiven 1, medens opvarmningen af produktet tilvejebringes ved gnidning af dette produkt* dels mod de bevægelige flader la og lb på skiven 1, dels mod de faste flader 2a og 2b i huset 2, i forhold til hvilke produktet bevæger sig med stor hastighed.FIG. 1 and 2 show an example of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention for sterilization, which apparatus has a plait disc 1 which can be rotated in the direction of the arrow f around its axis XSt in the interior of a housing 2. The distance e between each movable surfaces 1a and 1b of the disc 1 and the fixed surfaces 2a and 2b of the housing are of the order of 0.2 to 0.3 rows. The product to be sterilized, e.g. milk, is supplied to a space 3 between the disc 1 and the housing 2 at the site 4 near the axis of rotation XX of the disc 1 (see also Fig. 3), while the sterilized product departs at 5 near the periphery 6 of the disc 1 (see also Figure 3). Such mechanical force is constituted by the centrifugal force acting on the product driven from the center (axis XX) towards the periphery 6 of the disc 1, while the heating of the product is provided by rubbing this product * partly against the moving surfaces 1a and 1b of the disc 1, partly towards the fixed surfaces 2a and 2b of the housing 2, relative to which the product moves at high speed.

Ved den i fig. 1 og 2 illustrerede udførelsesform bæres skiven 1 (med symmetriplan YY), der har en tykkelse på 16 mm, af en aksel 7 i en bøsning 8, der atter bæres af blokke 9. Akselen 7 drejer inden i bøsningen 8 i rullelejer 10, der holdes på plads mod indre fremspring 8a i bøsningen 8 ved hjælp af gevindskårne propper 11 og 12, der er fastskruet i de to ender af bøsningen ’ 8 og gennembrudt af akselen 7. Proppen 11 bærer endvidere et leje 11a. Yderligere sikrer to pakninger 13 tætheden i de to ender af kammeret 14, der befinder sig mellem de centrale dele af akselen 7 og bøsningen 8, og som står i forbindelse med ruranet 3 gennem ringformede åbninger 15. På denne måde kan man foretage tilførselen af produktet, der skal steriliseres eller pasteuriseres, til kammeret 14 og således i nogen grad afkøle akselen 7, samtidig med at produktet opvarmes.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the disc 1 (with plane of symmetry YY) having a thickness of 16 mm is supported by a shaft 7 in a bushing 8 which is again supported by blocks 9. The shaft 7 rotates within the bushing 8 in roller bearings 10 which is held in place against inner projections 8a in the bushing 8 by means of threaded plugs 11 and 12 which are screwed into the two ends of the bushing '8 and pierced by the shaft 7. The plug 11 further carries a bearing 11a. Further, two gaskets 13 ensure the tightness at the two ends of the chamber 14 located between the central portions of the shaft 7 and the bushing 8, which communicate with the ruranet 3 through annular openings 15. In this way, the product can be supplied , to be sterilized or pasteurized, to the chamber 14 and thus to some extent cool the shaft 7 while heating the product.

Ved den ene ende 7a af akselen 7, der går gennem den tilsvarende prop 12, er anbragt en halvdel 16a af en koblingsdel 16, hvis anden halvdel 16b er anbragt på akselen 17 til en elektromotor 18.At one end 7a of the shaft 7 passing through the corresponding plug 12 is disposed half 16a of a coupling part 16, the other half 16b of which is mounted on the shaft 17 to an electric motor 18.

På fig. 2 ser man tydeligere sidestykkerne 2e til huset 2, der er fastgjort på det andet sidestykke 2f ved hjælp af bolte 19, og som bærer forstærkningsribber 20. Endvidere ser man på fig. 2 rør 4 til tilførsel af produktet, der skal steriliseres eller pasteuriseres, og som udmunder ved punktet 4, og aftagningsrør 5a til aftagning af det steriliserede produkt ved punkterne 5-In FIG. 2, the side pieces 2e of the housing 2, which are fastened to the second side piece 2f by bolts 19 and which carry reinforcing ribs 20. are more clearly seen. 2 pipes 4 for supplying the product to be sterilized or pasteurized, which open at point 4, and take-off tube 5a for removing the sterilized product at points 5-

Gengivelsesmåden i fig. 5 og 6 er identisk med gengivelsesmåden på fig. 1 og 2, og der er anvendt samme tal og referencebetegnelser på de fire figurér til angivelse af tilsvarende dele, idet den eneste forskel er, at ved den udførelsesform, der er vist på fig. 5 og 6, er det roterende element ikke en plan plade 1, men en skive 1A, der er svagt buet, således at den i tværsnit har profil som en 6 U1611 keglestub. Således hælder fladerne lc og ld på skiven 1 svagt mod symmetri-planet YY for skiven 1A i stedet for at være parallelle med nævnte plan som ved udføreIsesformen i fig. 1. Det samme gælder fladerne 2c og 2d i huset 2A, der befinder sig over for fladerne lc og ld.The rendering method of FIG. 5 and 6 are identical to the reproduction method of FIG. 1 and 2, and the same numbers and reference numerals have been used on the four figures to indicate corresponding parts, the only difference being that in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 and 6, the rotating member is not a flat plate 1, but a slab 1A which is slightly curved, so that it has a cross-sectional profile as a 6 U1611 cone stub. Thus, the surfaces 1c and ld of the disc 1 tilt slightly towards the plane of symmetry YY of the disc 1A instead of being parallel to said plane as in the embodiment of FIG. 1. The same applies to the surfaces 2c and 2d of the housing 2A which are opposite the surfaces lc and ld.

På fig. 3 er gengivet et sterilisationsanlæg, der udover et apparat 21 med skive, der kan rotere mellem to sidevægge 2e og 2f, drevet af motoren 18 over koblingen 16, har følgende elementer: en beholder 22 til modtagelse af produktet, specielt et mælkeprodukt, der skal steriliseres, med en udtømningsdel 22a i det indre, en pumpe 23 egnet til at føre produktet, der skal steriliseres, fra beholderen 22 gennem et rør 24, en trevejs-ventil 25 og et rør 26, en gennemløbsventil 27 anbragt parallelt med pumpen 23, således at paral le lan lægget 23-27 tilføres materiale gennem røret 26 og afgiver materialet til et rør 28, der over grenene 28a og 28b, der er parallelle, føder kammeret 14, vist på fig. 1 eller fig. 5, et afgangsrør 29 for det steriliserede produkt, hvilket rør afgår fra periferien 6 af skiven 1 via rørene 5a vist på fig. 2 eller fig. 6, dette rør har en temperaturmåler 30, der samarbejder med et apparat 31 til aflæsning af temperaturen, en reguleringsventil 32, der kan styres af et pneumatisk organ, der reguleres med en pneumatisk regulator, til sikring af en sådan passage, at den steriliserede væske når den ønskede temperatur, hvilken regulering i dette tilfælde kan foretages ud fra måleren 30, en varmeveksler 33 med to zoner forbundet til modtagelse af det steriliserede produkt gennem rørledningerne 34 og 35 og kølevand gennem røret 36, hvilken varmeveksler foretager en afkøling af det steriliserede produkt, der afgår gennem røret 37 og er disponibelt ved 38, medens vandet, der er opvarmet ved varmeveksling med det steriliserede produkt, afgår gennem røret 39, en trykmåler 40 samarbejder med et instrument 41 til angivelse af trykket i det indre af apparatet 21, et afluftningsorgan 42, der muliggør udluftning af luft i indføre Isesøjeblikket i det indre af apparatet 21, idet de udtagne produkter tilbagesendes via røret 43 til delen 22a i beholderen 22, et vandcirkulationssystem (f.eks. til skylning eller igangsætning af sterilisationsanlægget), der omfatter et rør 44 til tilledning af vand, der kan sendes gennem ventilen 25 gennem et rør 26, et rør 35a, der kan fødes i stedet U1611 7 for røret 35 af en trevejshane 45, og afgangen fra varmeveksleren 33 kan så være røret 46 med tømningsdelen 22a, og et tømningsrør 47, der udtømmer vand ved 48, idet afgangsåbningen 48 ligeledes kan modtage tilløb fra ventilen 25 gennem røret 49.In FIG. 3 depicts a sterilization system which, in addition to an apparatus 21 with disc that can rotate between two side walls 2e and 2f, driven by the motor 18 over the coupling 16, has the following elements: a container 22 for receiving the product, in particular a milk product which is to be sterilizing, with a discharge portion 22a within, a pump 23 capable of passing the product to be sterilized from the container 22 through a tube 24, a three-way valve 25 and a tube 26, a through-valve 27 arranged parallel to the pump 23, so that the parallel lane 23-27 feeds material through the tube 26 and delivers the material to a tube 28 which feeds across the branches 28a and 28b which are parallel, the chamber 14 shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 5, a discharge tube 29 for the sterilized product leaving the periphery 6 of the disc 1 via the tubes 5a shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 6, this tube has a temperature gauge 30 which cooperates with an apparatus for reading the temperature, a control valve 32 which can be controlled by a pneumatic device controlled by a pneumatic regulator, to ensure such passage that the sterilized liquid when the desired temperature, which in this case can be made from the meter 30, is a two-zone heat exchanger 33 connected to receive the sterilized product through the pipelines 34 and 35 and cooling water through the tube 36, the heat exchanger cooling the sterilized product exiting through the tube 37 and available at 38 while the water heated by heat exchange with the sterilized product exits through the tube 39, a pressure gauge 40 cooperates with an instrument 41 to indicate the pressure inside the apparatus 21, vent means 42 which permit venting of air into the glacial instant in the interior of the apparatus 21, returning the withdrawn products via the tube 43 to the portion 22a of the container 22, a water circulation system (e.g. for rinsing or initiating the sterilization system) comprising a pipe 44 for supplying water which can be passed through the valve 25 through a pipe 26, a pipe 35a which can be fed in place of the pipe 35 of a three-way cock 45, and the outlet from the heat exchanger 33 may then be the pipe 46 with the discharge portion 22a, and a discharge pipe 47 which discharges water at 48, the outlet opening 48 may also receive inlets from the valve 25 through the pipe 49.

Det på fig. 3 viste anlæg fungerer på følgende måde:The FIG. The systems shown in paragraph 3 work as follows:

Ved starten kan man indføre vand ved 50, og gennem ventilen 25 sender man dette vand gennem røret 26, hvor pumpen 23 fører det i rørene 28, 28a og 28b og derfra i kammeret 14 i apparatet 21. Rotationen af skiven 1 i apparatet 21 opvarmer vandet, der aftages i væskeformig eller dampformig tilstand, afhængigt af den indstillede temperatur, gennem rørene 29, 34 og 35a.At the start, water can be introduced at 50, and through the valve 25, this water is passed through the pipe 26, the pump 23 passing it into the pipes 28, 28a and 28b and thence into the chamber 14 of the apparatus 21. The rotation of the disc 1 of the apparatus 21 heats the water, which is taken off in liquid or vapor state, depending on the set temperature, through pipes 29, 34 and 35a.

I varmeveksleren 33 afkøles dette vand ved kontakt med koldt vand, der tilføres gennem røret 36. Det behandlede og således afkølede vand føres gennem røret 46, og herfra sendes det via røret 47 til afgangsstedet 48.In the heat exchanger 33, this water is cooled by contact with cold water supplied through the pipe 36. The treated and thus cooled water is passed through the pipe 46, and from here it is sent through the pipe 47 to the outlet point 48.

Efter at apparatet således er sat i gang, ændrer man stillingen af ventilerne 25 og 45 efter at have afbrudt vandstrømmen ved 50. Indholdet af beholderen 22 passerer gennem rørene 24 og 26, pumpen 23 og rørene 28, 28a og 28b og ankommer i kammeret 14 i apparatet 21, Produktet steriliseres i kammeret 3 i dette apparat og forlader periferien 6 af skiven. Det steriliserede eller pasteuriserede produkt passerer rørene 29, 34 og 35 og når varmeveksleren 33, hvor det afkøles, før det afgår gennem røret 37, og når afgangen 38.After the apparatus is thus switched on, the position of the valves 25 and 45 is changed after switching off the water flow at 50. The contents of the container 22 pass through the pipes 24 and 26, the pump 23 and the pipes 28, 28a and 28b and arrive in the chamber 14 in the apparatus 21, The product is sterilized in the chamber 3 of this apparatus leaving the periphery 6 of the disc. The sterilized or pasteurized product passes through the tubes 29, 34 and 35 and reaches the heat exchanger 33 where it cools before passing through the tube 37 and reaching the outlet 38.

På fig. 4 er vist en mulig relativ placering af beholderen 22, varmeveksleren 33 med to zoner, én for det behandlede produkt og én for vandet, der anvendes ved starten, apparatet 21, koblingen 16 og motoren 18.In FIG. 4, a possible relative location of the container 22, the heat exchanger 33 with two zones, one for the treated product and one for the water used at the start, the apparatus 21, the coupling 16 and the motor 18 are shown.

Fig. 7 illustrerer temperaturændringerne som fundetion af tiden i et produkt, der skal steriliseres i et apparat af den type, der er illustreret på fig. 1-2 eller 5-6 eller, idet det forudsættes, at produktet tilføres med en temperatur på 10°C. Det ses, at ved afgangen, efter 0,6 sekunders forløb, har temperaturen nået 145°C, idet produktet er opvarmet progressivt uden at have været i kontakt med en væg, der er varmere end det selv, hvorved ethvert termisk chok undgås.FIG. 7 illustrates the temperature changes as a finding of time in a product to be sterilized in an apparatus of the type illustrated in FIG. 1-2 or 5-6 or, provided that the product is fed at a temperature of 10 ° C. It is seen that at the exit, after 0.6 seconds, the temperature has reached 145 ° C, the product being heated progressively without having been in contact with a wall that is warmer than the one, thereby avoiding any thermal shock.

Det bemærkes ligeledes, at produktets temperatur stiger fra ca. 65°C til ca. 145°C i løbet af en tiendedel sekund, og at det som følge heraf kun befinder sig en brøkdel af ét sekund ved de temperaturer, ved hvilke nedbrydning af strukturen af dets bestanddele kan finde sted, forudsat at man ønsker af afkøle det steriliserede produkt hurtigt efter udtagningen fra apparatet ifølge opfindelsen for at undgå at holde det ved 145°C efter udtagningen.It is also noted that the product temperature rises from approx. 65 ° C to approx. 145 ° C over a tenth of a second, and as a result it is only a fraction of one second at the temperatures at which degradation of the structure of its constituents can take place, provided that it is desired to cool the sterilized product rapidly. after removal from the apparatus of the invention to avoid holding it at 145 ° C after removal.

Fig. 8 viser i snit en anden udførelsesform for en sterilisator med plan skive til udførelse af den omhandlede fremgangsmåde.FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of a flat disk sterilizer for carrying out the method according to the invention.

141611 8 Væsken, der skal steriliseres, sendes ind i en sterilisator, der udgøres af en skive 101 anbragt roterbart i et apparatbus 102.The fluid to be sterilized is sent into a sterilizer constituted by a disc 101 disposed rotatably in an apparatus bus 102.

Denne skive 101 er fastgjort til en aksel 103, der bæres af kuglelejer 104 og 105 og over en kobling 106 drives af en motor 107.This disk 101 is secured to a shaft 103 carried by ball bearings 104 and 105 and over a clutch 106 driven by a motor 107.

Væsken indføres enten under indflydelse af tyngdekraften eller ved hjælp af en pumpe gennem ledninger 108 og 109, der udmunder nær akselen 103.The fluid is introduced either under the influence of gravity or by means of a pump through conduits 108 and 109 which open near the shaft 103.

Tæthed mellem akselen 103 og det faste hus 102 i apparatet opnås ved hjælp af pakninger 110 og 111.Density between shaft 103 and fixed housing 102 in the apparatus is achieved by gaskets 110 and 111.

Luft i apparatet kan udtages ved hjælp af en udluftningsventil 112, og væsken, der underkastes en gnidning mellem den roterende skive 101 og huset 102, bringes til en høj temperatur.Air in the apparatus can be extracted by means of a vent valve 112, and the liquid subjected to a rubbing between the rotating disk 101 and the housing 102 is brought to a high temperature.

Under indflydelse af centrifugalkraften drives væsken mod den del af apparatet, der er længst fra akselen og forlader apparatet gennem en ledning 113 med en regulator 114, ved hjælp af hvilken gennemløbsmængden kan reguleres manuelt eller automatisk.Under the influence of centrifugal force, the liquid is driven towards the part of the apparatus furthest from the shaft and leaves the apparatus through a conduit 113 with a regulator 114, by means of which the flow rate can be controlled manually or automatically.

Apparatet har instrumenter til måling af væskens temperatur 115, dens tryk 116 og dens mængde 117.The apparatus has instruments for measuring the temperature of the liquid 115, its pressure 116 and its amount 117.

Opvarmningstemperaturen kan reguleres enten ved at ændre rotationshastigheden for skiven eller ved at ændre gennemførelsesmængden af væsken. F.eks. kan skiven have en diameter på 400 mm og en tykkelse på 16 mm og en afstand til væggene på 0,3 mm og en omdrejningshastighed på 3000 omdrejninger pr. minut.The heating temperature can be regulated either by changing the rotational speed of the disc or by changing the amount of liquid flow. Eg. For example, the disc may have a diameter of 400 mm and a thickness of 16 mm and a distance to the walls of 0.3 mm and a rotational speed of 3000 rpm. minute.

Den temperatur, der fås under disse omstændigheder, er 145°C ved sterilisering af 120 liter fløde pr. time.The temperature obtained under these conditions is 145 ° C by sterilizing 120 liters of cream per day. hour.

Apparatet kan, afhængigt af anvendelsesformålet, kompletteres med klassiske varmevekslere anbragt foran apparatet til forvarmning eller efter apparatet til opnåelse af en kraftig afkøling.Depending on the application, the apparatus can be supplemented with classic heat exchangers placed in front of the apparatus for preheating or after the apparatus to obtain a strong cooling.

Der fås, specielt med apparatet ifølge fig. 1 og 2 eller 8 en fremragende sterilisation med praktisk taget fuldstændig nedbrydning af mikroorganismerne og uden nedbrydelse eller segregering af bestanddelene.Particularly with the apparatus of FIG. 1 and 2 or 8, excellent sterilization with virtually complete degradation of the microorganisms and without degradation or segregation of the constituents.

Som eksempel gengives nedenfor resultater af biologiske analyser udført på fløde før og efter sterilisering:By way of example, below are results of biological assays performed on cream before and after sterilization:

Før sterilisering Fløde ABefore Sterilization Cream A

Celling af anaerobe termoresistente (sporedannende) bakterier efter opvarmning i 30 minutter til 80°G, gelatineret medium VF i rørglas. Efter 7 dage ved 37°G: 3 mere end 10.000 kim pr. cm .Cells of anaerobic thermoresistant (spore-forming) bacteria after heating for 30 minutes to 80 ° G, gelatinized medium VF in tube glass. After 7 days at 37 ° G: 3 more than 10,000 germs per day. cm.

141611 9 Tælling af aerobe termoresistende (sporedannende) bakterier efter 30 minutters opvarmning til 80°C, gelatineret næringsmediura i Petri-skåle. Efter 3 dage ved 37°C: 75.000 kim pr. cm3.141611 9 Count of aerobic thermoresistant (spore forming) bacteria after 30 minutes heating to 80 ° C, gelatinized nutrient medium in Petri dishes. After 3 days at 37 ° C: 75,000 germs per day. cm3.

Tælling af det totale antal kim.Counting the total number of germs.

Tolags-metoden, trypton-agar-medium i Petri-skåle (Buttiadx): o 3Two-layer method, tryptone-agar medium in Petri dishes (Buttiadx): o 3

Efter 3 dage ved 30 C: mere end 10.000.000 kim pr. craJ.After 3 days at 30 C: more than 10,000,000 germs per day. craJ.

Efter 3 dage ved 6 C: 1.800.000 klat pr. cm .After 3 days at 6 C: 1,800,000 beats per day. cm.

Koliforraede organismer på frisk klaret bouillon, 48 timer ved 30°C: 3 mere end 1.000 kim pr. cm .Carnivorous organisms on freshly prepared broth, 48 hours at 30 ° C: 3 more than 1,000 germs per cm.

Escherichia coli efter Mackenzie's prøve, 48 timer ved 44°C på frisk klaret bouil- 3Escherichia coli after Mackenzie's test, 48 hours at 44 ° C on freshly prepared broth 3

Ion og peptoniseret vand: mere end 1.000 kim pr. cm .Ion and peptonized water: more than 1,000 germs per cm.

33

Pathogene staphylococcer i Chapman's medium: ingen kim i 1 cm .Pathogenic staphylococci in Chapman's medium: no germs of 1 cm.

33

Undersøgelse for Salmonella og Shigella: ingen kim i 1 cm .Study for Salmonella and Shigella: no germs in 1 cm.

Efter sterilisation Fløde BAfter Sterilization Cream B

telling af anaerobe termoresistente (sporedannende) bakterier efter 30 minutters opvarmning til 80°C, gelatineret medium VF i rørglas. Efter 7 dage ved 37°C: ingen 3 kim i 1 cm .count of anaerobic thermoresistant (spore-forming) bacteria after 30 minutes heating to 80 ° C, gelatinized medium VF in tube glass. After 7 days at 37 ° C: no 3 germs in 1 cm.

Tælling af aerobe tetmoresistente (sporedannende) bakterier efter 30 minutters opvarmning til 80°C, gelatineret næringsmedium i Petri-skåle. Efter 7 dage ved 37°C: ingen kim i 1 cm3 ved 1/10.Counting of aerobic tetmoresistant (spore forming) bacteria after 30 minutes heating to 80 ° C, gelatinized nutrient medium in Petri dishes. After 7 days at 37 ° C: no germ in 1 cm3 at 1/10.

Tælling af det totale antal kim.Counting the total number of germs.

Tolags-metoden, trypton-agar-medium i Petri-skåle (Buttiaux).The two-layer method, tryptone-agar medium in Petri dishes (Buttiaux).

Λ *3Λ * 3

Efter 3 dage ved 30 C: ingen kim i 1 cm ved 1/10.After 3 days at 30 C: no germ in 1 cm at 1/10.

Efter 3 dage ved 6°C: ingen kim i 1 cm? ved 1/10.After 3 days at 6 ° C: no germs in 1 cm? at 1/10.

Koliformede kim på frisk klaret bouillon, 48 timer ved 30°C: ingen kim i 1 cm3.Coliform germs on freshly prepared broth, 48 hours at 30 ° C: no germs in 1 cm3.

DK170868AA 1967-04-18 1968-04-17 Apparatus for sterilizing liquid foods, especially milk products. DK141611B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR103192 1967-04-18
FR103192 1967-04-18
FR132589 1967-12-15
FR132589 1967-12-15

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DK141611C DK141611C (en) 1980-10-13

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JP (1) JPS516740B1 (en)
AT (1) AT290276B (en)
BE (1) BE713727A (en)
DE (2) DE6609876U (en)
DK (1) DK141611B (en)
ES (1) ES352836A1 (en)
IL (1) IL29825A (en)
IT (1) IT987502B (en)
LU (1) LU55892A1 (en)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2241045C2 (en) * 1972-08-21 1983-11-10 A.T.A.D., Paris Device for sterilizing a liquid product
DE2850194C2 (en) * 1978-11-18 1985-05-02 Viktor Prof. Dr.-Ing. 8051 Kranzberg Denk Device for heating liquids, especially foodstuffs and luxury items, for the purpose of pasteurization, sterilization and the like.
SE7909186L (en) * 1979-11-06 1981-05-07 Alfa Laval Ab DEVICE FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF MILK AND SIMILAR
JPS5742196U (en) * 1980-08-14 1982-03-08

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SE357876B (en) 1973-07-16
DE6609876U (en) 1972-12-14
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IL29825A (en) 1971-05-26
NL159269B (en) 1979-02-15
DE1667933A1 (en) 1971-08-26
DK141611C (en) 1980-10-13
ES352836A1 (en) 1969-08-01
IT987502B (en) 1975-03-20
DE1667933C3 (en) 1978-10-26
DE1667933B2 (en) 1978-02-23
JPS516740B1 (en) 1976-03-02
AT290276B (en) 1971-05-25
NL6805457A (en) 1968-10-21
LU55892A1 (en) 1968-07-09

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