RU2614618C2 - Workpiece for teaching artistic volumetric carving (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: workpiece for teaching artistic volumetric wood or plastic carving is designed of arbitrary shape and comprises an inner target portion in the form of the end cut-out made of hard wood or plastic material with high density, and an outer shell made of pressed wood wastes, or shaped cardboard or soft porous plastic material, wherein the surface of the inner portion is made with spikes and painted in a colour different from the colour of the outer shell and from the colour of the inner portion. The workpiece for teaching artistic volumetric carving is desgined of arbitrary shape and comprises an inner portion in the form of the end cut-out made of polymeric material with high density, and an outer shell made of material with lower density, wherein the surface of the inner portion is made with spikes and painted in a colour different from the colour of the outer shell and from the colour of the inner portion.

EFFECT: workpiece for teaching creative volumetric carving on various materials is provided with improved quality of the volumetric cut-out, for beginners, among others.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of light industry, namely the production of means for teaching the basics, the basics of artistic carving on various solid materials, a hobby, can be used both for teaching children and adults - novice lovers of carving figures from various materials, both natural ( wood) and synthetic ones (plastic).

The following technical solutions are known from the prior art.

A volumetric sculpture is known (RF patent No. 2182538, published May 20, 2002) containing bars with fixed elements and a shell for installation on the base, while the bars and elements are made rough and with recesses, and the shell consists of several layers of a cured mixture consisting of solid or lumpy wood waste, and sawdust with PVA glue.

A product for teaching woodcarving is known (Japanese Patent No. H07234631, published 05.09.1995). On the surface of the cut shape, multiple wavy protrusions are made, repeating the shape in such a way that a rough blank of indefinite shape with protrusions and indentations corresponding to the target cut shape is formed. The directions of the “waves” of the protrusions indicate the direction of cutting of the protrusions.

The closest analogue of the proposed technical solution is a solid wooden block with a drawing applied to it - a sketch of a carved figure (http://iz-dereva-svoimi-rukami.ru/obemnaya-rezba-po-derevu-dlya-nachinayushhix-texnika-i- video-rezby /, article published 08/14/2011).

A disadvantage of the known product is the low quality of the final work for people who do not have experience with woodworking tools, because despite the fact that the method of cutting from a wooden bar described in the article is intended for beginners, it requires some existing working skills with tools for working with solid wood.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create a blank for teaching artistic volumetric carving on various materials, allowing novice art lovers to learn how to use cutting tools, while obtaining the final result in the form of a wooden or plastic figure of high quality, as well as eliminating the cutting of excess material.

The technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of teaching creative three-dimensional carving on various materials (wood or plastic) with improving the quality of the carved three-dimensional figure, including for beginners.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the design of the workpiece for teaching art volumetric woodcarving made in arbitrary shape and including the inner target part in the form of a cut out final figure made of hardwood and an outer shell made of pressed wood waste or molded cardboard, the surface of the inner part is painted in a color different from the color of the outer shell and the color of the inner part.

The second variant of the workpiece for teaching art bulk carving in plastic is a plastic blank of any shape, including an inner part in the form of a cut out final figure made of high-density plastic material and an outer shell made of soft, porous plastic material, while the surface of the inner part painted in a color different from the color of the outer shell and the color of the inner part.

Also, conical spikes made of wood can be applied to the surface of the inner part, the same or approximately the same as the material of the inner part (for wooden billets) or hard plastic (for plastic billets).

The external shape of the workpiece is arbitrary, for example, in the form of a cube, egg, log, cube, etc.

On the outer surface of the workpiece can also be applied a picture with the image of the inner main part with a designation of the place of work and the depth of the final cut-out insert. In the case of a wooden workpiece, the drawing is applied by burning out the contours of the workpiece or by applying paint, and in the case of a plastic one, by engraving.

Due to the difference between the density of the materials of which the inner part and the outer shell are made, the student, having reached the inner part when cutting, will feel an obstacle when trying to cut further, since when cutting the material from which the inner part is made, greater force is required on the tool than when cutting the material of the outer shell. In this case, the painted surface of the inner part will be visible, which indicates the final inner part, to which the cutting process takes place.

The spikes deposited on the surface of the inner part indicate approaching the target part until a painted surface appears.

Due to these features (the difference between the densities of the inner part and the outer shell, spikes and paint on the surface of the inner part), the efficiency of teaching art volumetric carving is increased, and the likelihood of cutting off excess material and reducing the quality of the final work is also eliminated.

Further, the solution is illustrated by reference to the drawing, which shows a General view of the workpiece during the cutting process.

The finished product consists of an inner part (1) having the shape of a cut-out figure and made in advance from hardwood in the case of a wooden blank or molded from high density plastic. As a material for the manufacture of the inner part of the wooden billet, a whole piece from the trunk of oak, larch, acacia, birch, beech, pear, cherry, maple, cedar and other hard woods can be used. As the material for the manufacture of the interior of the plastic preform, for example, acrylic mixtures (SAN, NAS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), plexiglass, melamine and other types of plastics with similar characteristics can be used.

The material of the outer shell (2) has a significantly lower density than the material of the inner part and is easily machined by tools compared to the material of the inner shell. As a material for the manufacture of the outer shell, for example, polystyrene foam can be used.

The proposed workpiece is made as follows.

From the solid piece of solid wood is cut out the inner main part, which will subsequently be the final ultimate goal of the work. This may be the figure of a bird, animal, abstract figure, etc. Depending on the degree of complexity of the shape of the final inner part, small cone-shaped spikes (3) (not higher than 0.5-1 mm) at a distance of 1-2 cm from each other can be made on its surface. In the case of a wooden blank, they are initially cut together with the final product, which is then poured with a shell. These spikes are subject to shearing and grinding at the final stage of work. In the case of plastic, the spikes are also cast if necessary in a particular workpiece. These spikes when cutting the final main part from the shell will be a warning sign of approaching the surface of the main part. Also, the entire inner main part is slightly painted through the spray gun with paint for its additional designation. Studs and paint are cut off by the student and polished at the end of the work.

The inner main part thus obtained is placed on a metal pin for fixing, and then in the prepared hydraulic press mold, which is poured with a composition of wood waste (sawdust, shavings, cardboard). In the case of a simple shape of the inner part, wooden parts from a solid wood bar with a lower density than the material of the inner part can be used as the outer shell, in which recesses are cut corresponding to the shape and size of the inner part. All parts are connected to each other and to the inside through glue.

The technological process for obtaining this mixture is applied standard and consists of the following stages: chip preparation (sawdust, etc.); binder preparation; mixing them; dosing and filling in molds; pressing; heating the press; cooling; pressings. Chip preparation includes grinding, sorting and drying. The optimal fraction of particle particles (passing through a sieve with a mesh of 12 × 12 mm and remaining on a sieve with a mesh of 2 × 2 mm) is 12/2 mm. Chips should be uniform. Humidity shavings 4 ... 6%. The preparation of the binder consists in mixing the adhesive compositions - resin, hardener, plasticizer or second plasticizing glue and additives (additives not miscible with the binder are introduced directly into the mixer). To mix the binder with the chips, drum mixers are used with spraying the binder in the mixing zone. The dosage of the finished mass is carried out by volumetric or more accurate weighing method with an automatic device. The pressing of the workpieces is carried out in the molds by the formation, edge and edge-formation methods. Molds are made of metal (and when dielectric heating in the HDTV field, its individual elements are made of dielectric). Pressing is performed in hydraulic presses. Molds are heated by steam, high-temperature heat carriers (oil, ditolylmethane), electricity (due to ohmic resistance in the HDTV field), hot air or gases in chambers with a heating temperature of 120 ... 180 ° C. Pressing time 0.5 ... 1.5 min / mm of thickness of the pressed part. Cooling is used to prevent rupture of the workpiece by water vapor and its stabilization. During cooling, the temperature should drop below 60 ° C to avoid lowering the strength of the parts. Pressing and removing the workpiece from the mold is performed manually or in the press.

On the surface of the finished extracted product, a drawing of the cut out inner main part with the designation of the place of the beginning of work and the depth of the final cut out insert is applied.

In the manufacture of plastic: from high-density plastic, for example, acrylic mixtures (SAN, NAS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), plexiglass, melamine and other types of plastics with similar characteristics, the main part of the necessary shape is cast, which will be cut trainees. Similarly to the implementation of a wooden workpiece, the inner part is initially cast with cone-shaped spikes of 0.5-1 mm with a distance of 1-2 cm over the entire surface of the cut out main part, if this is necessary for this workpiece in terms of complexity. Then the main part is placed on a metal pin for fixation and placed in the mold. Then a porous polymeric material is obtained, during which the raw materials are foamed in the foaming agent, where the granules increase by about 20-50 times by pressure (using a steam generator). Next, excess moisture remaining on the granules is removed. This is done with the help of hot air - it goes from the bottom up. Next, the granules are placed in silos where the aging process takes place. Then the granules are placed in a mold where the inner part of the workpiece is mounted on a pin, after which the sintering process takes place under pressure and under the influence of high temperature of water vapor. Then the blanks are kept for several days (up to 30 days) in order to rid the resulting blanks from excess moisture, as well as from the remaining internal stresses.

On the surface of the finished product for cutting, a drawing is made by easy melting.

Claims (6)

1. A blank for teaching artistic volumetric carving, characterized in that it is made of arbitrary shape and includes an inner part in the form of a cut out final figure made of hardwood and an outer shell made of pressed wood waste or molded cardboard, while the surface of the inner part made with spikes and painted in a color different from the color of the outer shell and the color of the inner part. 2. The workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner part is made with conical spikes on the surface. 3. The workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outer surface of the workpiece is a drawing of a cutout inner main part with a designation of the place to start work and the depth of the final cutout insert. 4. A blank for teaching artistic volumetric carving, characterized in that it is made of arbitrary shape and includes an inner part in the form of a cut out final figure made of high density polymer material, and an outer shell made of lower density material, while the surface of the inner part is made with spikes and painted in a color different from the color of the outer shell and the color of the inner part. 5. The workpiece according to claim 4, characterized in that the inner part is made with conical spikes on the surface. 6. The workpiece according to claim 4, characterized in that on the outer surface of the workpiece is a drawing of a cutout inner main part with a designation of the place to start work and the depth of the final cutout insert.

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