RU2614002C1 - Heat resistant fabric of polymer fibers and products made from this fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile, paper.

SUBSTANCE: heat-resistant fabric is made by interlacing warp and weft yarns with a combined plain weave, with warp cord on the chain and with weft cord on the filling. The fabric is made of background warp on the chain and a mixed two-strand yarn consisting of equal parts of para-aramid fiber and polyoxadiazole 50×50 fiber. The resultant linear density of the fabric is 60 Tex. The fabric is reinforced on the chain and the filling by a double complex arimide thread 29.4 Tex × 2. The ratio of yarn to thread in the fabric is 75/25, and the surface density is 260 g/m². The fabric was further treated with at least one organofluorine preparation.

EFFECT: better combustion efficiency increased fire resistance, decreased stiffness and improved flexibility and draping characteristics in conditions of the Far North.

4 cl, 2 tbl, 1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the textile industry, in particular to the production of technical fabrics from polymer fibers and threads for the manufacture of protective clothing for special purposes.

Heat-resistant fabrics are used in various applications, including the production of protective clothing worn by personnel of various industries or professions, such as firefighters, search and emergency services, the military, the profession related to electricity (for protection against an electric arc), the petrochemical industry and emergency response, etc. Known cellulosic or mixed cellulosic fabrics are generally preferred for such protective clothing due to the relatively simple technology of imparting fire resistance and relative comfort to such fabrics.

Despite the popularity of cellulosic or mixed-cellulosic flame retardant fabrics, existing fabrics have limitations. The flammability index of many cellulosic fire-resistant fabrics is insufficient to meet the necessary requirements of specific industries.

In order to meet these requirements, fabrics with inherent fire resistance are often used (eg meta-aramid fibers, such as Nomex fiber (manufactured by DuPont), which increase the cost of fabrics.

Known para-aramid fibers Kevlar 29 (manufactured by DuPont (USA) / RF Patent No. 2041986, class D03D 15/00), which are used to produce technical fabrics of plain, 3-ply, twill, satin and matting weaves. Fabrics have high resistance, elasticity to shock loads. The disadvantage of all fabrics from Kevlar is their low flexural stability and compressive strength.

Known aramid fibers Kevlar, Nomex or polybenzimidazole (PBI) have lower strength, tensile elongation and fire resistance compared, for example, with fibers based on CBM or Rusar para-aramides, which can lead to faster wear of products.

CBM - heat-resistant ultra-strong ultra-high modulus para-aramid fiber, thread. Fiber, CBM thread has the following properties: high strength, incombustibility, durability and high modulus of elasticity (KE Perepelkin. Modern chemical fibers and the prospects for their application in the textile industry. Russian Chemical Journal, No. 1, 2002, p. 42).

Rusar is a heat-resistant ultra-strong, ultra-high modular para-aramid fiber, thread. Fiber, CBM thread belongs to the heterocyclic group and has the following composition: polyamidobenzimimidazole based on heterocyclic p-diamine (45-35 mol.%), P-phenylenediamine (5-15 mol.%) And terephthaloyl chloride (50 mol.%). Fiber, Rusar thread has the following properties: high strength, incombustibility, durability and high modulus of elasticity (KE Perepelkin. Modern chemical fibers and the prospects for their application in the textile industry. Russian Chemical Journal, No. 1, 2002, p. 42).

From RU 2241082, C1, November 27, 2004, blended single yarn containing stapled CBM and Rusar fibers united by single wool fibers is known, with the following ratio of components in yarn,%: wool fibers 10-40, stapled CBM fibers and Rusar 60-90.

The specified yarn has increased strength due to the additional connection of the fibers with the core and fire resistance.

However, this yarn is not fire resistant due to the use of wool fibers, which can lead to premature destruction of the fabric structure when it is used in an open flame.

Consequently, there remains a need to create alternative fire-resistant fabrics that would be able to meet accepted standards for fire resistance and heat resistance, while having reduced stiffness and good elasticity and drapability when used in the Far North at temperatures from minus 60 ° С.

The technical result is the creation of durable fire-resistant fabric with reduced stiffness and good elasticity and drapability during operation in the Far North at temperatures from minus 60 ° C.

The technical problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to create a heat-resistant fabric for protective clothing used when working in the north, that is, at low temperatures.

The uniqueness of the development is the property of the fabric to withstand high temperatures while being resistant to low temperatures. The invention creates a stable protective barrier against open flame, while the fabric has high strength, relatively light weight, low coefficient of friction, while maintaining elasticity and drapability at high and low (minus) operating temperatures.

The technical result of the claimed invention is provided by the production of heat-resistant fabric formed by weaving the warp and weft threads with a combined linen weave, based on warp and weft weft, made of background threads on the warp and weft of blended double-thread yarn, including para-aramid fiber and polyoxydiazole fiber in the ratio 50 × 50, with the resulting linear density of 60 Tex, with reinforcement on the warp and the weft of the trimmed complex arimide thread 29.4 Tex × 2, while the percentage e ratio of yarn / filament fabric is composed of 75/25, and the surface density of the fabric - at least 260 g / m ^2.

The density of threads in the base dressing is 241 and weft - 184 with the number of warp threads 3616 and weft threads 1840 in 1 m with the mass of the main thread of 231 g and weft - 173 g.

The heat-resistant fabric is further treated with at least one organofluorine preparation.

The product is made of heat-resistant fabric in the form of a garment.

An example implementation of the claimed invention is presented by refueling calculation of the claimed fabric, made on a shuttleless rapier weaving machine.

- The width of the fabric, cm, W = 150

- Density of filaments based on Po = 241

- Density of weft threads Ru = 184

- Type of raw materials and structure of warp threads, tex

Mixed yarn T = 30 * 2,

Arimide thread. complex chopped T = 29.4x 2

- Type of raw materials and structure of weft, tex threads

Mixed yarn T = 30 * 2

Arimide thread. complex chopped T = 29.4x 2

- The number of warp threads

By * W / 10 = 241 * 150.0 / 10 = 3615.00,

In fact, the warp threads Po = 3616

Of which Po1 = 61616

for the background, 4 strings make their way into the tooth of the bird

having crossed Po2 = 0

along the edges along 2 * 0 = 0 floss per tooth

- The number of weft threads in 1 m

Pu = Ru * L / 10 = 184 * 100/10 = 1840

- Metric Byrd Number

Nv = Po / ((1 + Au / 100) * Psf) = 241 / ((1 + 1.3 / 100) * 4) = 56.0

Po - tissue density based

Au - tissue shrinkage,%

PZF - the number of threads made in the teeth of the reed by the background of the fabric

- The number of threads in the teeth of the reed in the dressing

Z = Po1 / Pzf + Po2 / Pzkr = 3616.4 + 2 * 0 = 0/0 = 851

The width of the parting on the reed, cm

BW = z * 10 / Nd = 851 * 10 / 56.0 = 151.9

- The length of the main thread, cm

Lo1 = Ltk / (1-Ao1 / 100) = 109.8

Lo2 = Ltk / (1-Ao2 / 100) = 109.8

- The length of the weft thread, cm

Lу = Шв + 2 * Lкр = 151.9 + 2 * 4.0 = 160.9 (where Lкр = 4.0, the edge of the product is doubled by weft threads)

- The mass of the main thread, g

Mo1 = Po * Lo * To1 / 100 * 1000 = 3616 * 109.8 * 58.0 / 100 = 203.3

Mo2 = Po2 * lo * to2 / 100 * 1000 = 2 * 0 = 0 * 109.8 * 59.5 / 100 * 1000 = 27.7

- The mass of the weft thread, g

Mu1 = Lu * Ru * Tu1 * Ltk1 / 100 * 1000 * 10 = 160.9 * 184 * 58.0 * 35.0 / 100 * 1000 * 10 = 60.1

Mu2 = Lu * Pu * Tu2 * Ltk21 / 100 * 1000 * 10 = 160.9 * 184 * 58.0 * 35.0 / 100 * 1000 * 10 = 60.1

The mass of 1 m of fabric is 395.4 g

The surface density of the fabric is 260 / m ²

The technical result is also achieved by the product of the above fabric, such as a suit, protective clothing.

In FIG. 1 shows the fabric formed by the design of the combined plain weave in accordance with the embodiment of the invention according to claim 1 of the formula.

The fabric is made with combined plain weaving based on the main reps, weft by weft reps, the fabric is produced on 20 heald looms (reed No. 56), 4 and 5 threads per reed tooth (3 teeth 4 threads and 4 tooth 4 each) 5 threads). Due to the 5th thread gain reinforcement on the basis. The machine allows you to adjust the weaving throat in the process of creating fabric with the ability to change the density on the weft, i.e. the ability to alternately lay three threads instead of one allows you to gain reinforcement on the weft. The reinforcement on the base and the weft is performed with a chopped complex arimide thread of 29.4 tex × 2.

Arimide - heat-resistant fiber based on aromatic polyimides has low thermal conductivity, exceptional radiation resistance, excellent electrical insulation properties

The background warp and weft threads are made of blended yarn from para-aramid and polyoxydiazole fibers.

Para-aramid fibers have heat resistance, increased rigidity, strength and low elongation, therefore, they are mainly used for reinforcing rubber technical products, plastics and fiber optics. To give these fibers acceptable textile properties, a blended yarn is made of para-aramid fibers and polyoxydiazole fibers in a ratio of 50 × 50, mass. %

Polyoxidiazole fiber "Oxalon" (Arsenol) is characterized by a fairly high resistance to chemicals, good electrical insulation properties, thermal stability and reduced combustibility. But the most important thing is the low coefficient of friction that these fibers possess. Textiles using these fibers retain elasticity and drape at high and low temperatures.

The selected parameters were experimentally determined and proved:

Change in the characteristics of the fabric at other intervals (except for the indicated: 29.4 tex × 2 arimide thread, para-aramid fibers and polyoxydiazole fiber in a ratio of 50 × 50, wt.%, Linear density 60 Tex, yarn / thread ratio in the composition of the fabric is 75/25 , the surface density of the fabric is not less than 260 g / m ² ) does not allow the combination of properties at elevated and simultaneously lowered temperatures and resistance to repeated bending (30,000 cycles), which does not provide the necessary drapability.

To impart hydrophobic and olefobic properties to the fabric at the final stage of decoration, oil-repellent treatment is carried out with at least one organofluorine preparation (PFAA polyfluoroalkyl acrylate latexes can be used).

The heat-resistant fabric developed in accordance with the invention is intended to be used as the top material of a protective frost-resistant suit for firefighters.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a product is developed, such as a garment, frost-resistant protective suit (KZM-60) made of this heat-resistant fabric.

Tests of the fabric obtained for use as a material for the top of the suit were carried out for compliance with the requirements of GOST R 53264-2009, p.p. 5.2.1 (table. 1, line 2), 5.3.1 (table. 4b lines 15, 16, 18) for the following indicators:

- resistance of the material of the top of the suit to the effects of heat flow with a surface density:

5.0 kW / m ² , not less than 240;

40.0 kW / m ² , not less than 5;

- resistance of the material of the top of the suit to the effects of ambient temperature of 300 ° C for 300 s:

- destruction of the material (through burnout) - was not observed;

- ignition - not observed;

- shrinkage on the basis and weft,%, - 0;

- reduction of physical and mechanical properties of the material from the standard value,%

a) breaking load:

- based - 0 (2060 N);

- duck - 0 (1814 N);

b) tear resistance:

based on 0 (209 N);

- duck - 0 (104 N);

- resistance of the material of the top of the suit to contact with a solid surface heated to 400 ° C for 7 s:

- destruction of the material (through burnout) - was not observed;

- ignition - not observed;

- reduction of physical and mechanical properties of the material from the standard value,%;

a) breaking load:

- based - 0 (2516 N);

- duck - 0 (1940 N);

b) tear resistance:

based on 0 (231 N);

- duck - 0 (180 N);

- resistance of the suit to a single exposure to an open flame for 5 s:

- the temperature at any point in the suit space is 31.5 ° C

- there is no residual burning and decay.

Assessment of resistance to repeated bending of 30,000 cycles of material destruction (through fractures and cracks of warp and weft threads) showed the absence of all samples.

* Standard values of physical and mechanical parameters for BOP are:

- breaking load:

based on at least 1000 N

duck no less than 800 N

- tear resistance:

based on at least 80 N

duck no less than 60 N

The test results of physical and mechanical studies of the obtained fabric for and using it as the material of the suit top in accordance with GOST 53264-2009 indicate that the claimed fabric fully complies with the standards.

The design of KZM-60, the materials and fabrics used for its manufacture, meet the requirements of GOST R 53264 and technical specifications.

KZM-60, multi-layer protective clothing, consists of a jacket and semi-overalls (trousers) with heat-insulating linings.

KZM-60, depending on the climatic version and the top material used, is made in accordance with table 1.

By belonging, KZM-60 is subdivided for the commanding staff (A) and ordinary staff (B).

The weight of KZM-60 is: 5.0 kg.

Package of materials for the manufacture of protective clothing KZM-60: frost-resistant top material, waterproof layer, heat-insulating lining, lining fabric.

The design of trousers and semi-overalls ensures donning them without removing shoes.

The fittings fastened to the top of the suit do not come in contact with the inner heat-insulating layer.

The jacket covers trousers at least 30 cm long.

The suit has fluorescent and luminescent overlays in the form of strips with a width of at least 50 cm ² . The area of the pads on the jacket is at least 0.2 m ² , in the chest and back at least 0.08 m ² , and on trousers at least 0.052 m ² . The areas of luminescent and fluorescent coatings are the same.

Jacket sleeves have wristlets.

The suit has a stand-up collar with a height of 100 mm, on its inner side a fabric is sewn on that does not irritate human skin.

On a jacket there are loops for a fire rescue belt, and also a pocket for a radio station. All pockets have fastening valves and openings for water drainage.

The time for self-highlighting of the linings is 30 minutes.

The time of residual burning or decay of the outer surface is not more than 2 s after exposure to an open flame for 5 seconds.

The material of the top of the suit has a stable color both during normal use and during the washing process.

Shrinkage after getting wet and heating is less than 5%.

The design ensures the absence of traces or drops of water after finding the fabric of the top of the suit under the influence of a water column 1000 mm high for one minute.

The suit has parameters and characteristics in accordance with the requirements of the technical specifications given in table 2:

The design of the suit and all its elements is resistant to mechanical stresses that may occur during transportation as part of fire trucks; provides the possibility of transportation by all means of transport.

The reliability indicators of the product correspond to the following values:

- Service life before decommissioning - 3 years;

- The average shelf life is 5 years.

The design of the suit and its parts ensures the safety of personnel during production, testing, as well as during operation, maintenance and repairs.

Materials and accessories of fabrics, seams, constructive design of the details of the suit do not have an irritating and harmful effect on the human body.

Tests of the claimed fabric and costume using this fabric as the top material of the costume were successfully passed in the testing laboratory of the Research Institute of the Center for Fire Engineering and Fire-Fighting Systems FSBI VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, IL SIC and SP FSBI VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia and are recommended for staffing the fire services and the Ministry of Emergencies.

Claims (4)

1. Heat-resistant fabric formed by weaving the warp and weft yarns with a combined plain weave, based on the main rep and weft weft, made of background threads on the warp and weft of blended double-thread yarn, including para-aramid fiber and polyoxidiazole fiber in a ratio of 50 × 50, with the resulting linear density of 60 Tex, with reinforcement on the warp and the weft of the trimmed complex arimide thread 29.4 Tex × 2, while the percentage of yarn / thread in the fabric is 75/25, and the surface lotnost fabric 260 g / m ^2. 2. The heat-resistant fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the density of threads in the dressing on the base is 241 and weft 184 with the number of warp threads 3616 and weft threads 1840 in 1 m, with the mass of the main thread of 231 g and weft 173 g 3. The heat-resistant fabric according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is further treated with at least one organofluorine preparation. 4. The product is made of heat-resistant fabric, characterized in any of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that it is made in the form of a garment.

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