EA034126B1 - Heat resistant polymer fiber fabric and product made therefrom - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to textile industry, more specifically, to the manufacturing of technical fabrics from polymer fiber and threads for the fabrication of special purpose protective garment. The technical result is the development of strong and flame resistant fabric with low rigidity, good elasticity and draping quality in the conditions of far north at temperatures of down to -60°C. The heat resistant fabric is formed by interweaving of warp and weft threads by combined linen weave, with main cord used for the for the warp and weft cord for the weft, the background threads in the warp and in the weft being blended double threads comprising para-aramide fiber and polyoxidiazol fiber in a 50/50 ratio, with a final linear density of 60 Tex, the warp and the weft being reinforced with 29.4 Tex ×2 plied multifilament arimide thread, the yarn/thread ratio in the fabric being 75/25 and the surface density of the fabric being at least 260 g/m. The heat resistant fabric is additionally treated with at least one fluoroorganic compound. Also claimed is a product made from heat resistant fabric, said product being a garment item.

Description

The invention relates to the textile industry, in particular to the production of technical fabrics from polymer fibers and threads for the manufacture of protective clothing for special purposes.

Heat-resistant fabrics are used in various applications, including the production of protective clothing worn by personnel of various industries or professions, such as firefighters, search and emergency services, the military, the profession related to electricity (for protection against an electric arc), the petrochemical industry and emergency response, etc. Known cellulosic or mixed-cellulosic fabrics are generally preferred for such protective clothing due to the relatively simple technology of imparting fire resistance and relative comfort to such fabrics.

Despite the popularity of cellulosic or mixed-cellulosic flame retardant fabrics, existing fabrics have limitations. The flammability index of many cellulosic fire-resistant fabrics is insufficient to meet the necessary requirements of specific industries.

In order to meet these requirements, fabrics with inherent fire resistance are often used (e.g. meta-aramid fibers, such as Nomex fiber (manufactured by DuPont), which increase the cost of fabrics.

Known para-aramid fibers Kevlar 29 (manufactured by DuPont (USA) / RF Patent No. 2041986, class D 03 D 15/00), which are used to produce technical fabrics of plain, 3-layer, twill, satin and matting weaves. Fabrics are highly resistant, resilient to shock loads. The disadvantage of all fabrics from Kevlar is their low bending resistance and compressive strength.

Known aramid fibers Kevlar, Nomex or polybenzimidazole (PBI) have lower strength, tensile elongation and fire resistance compared to, for example, fibers based on CBM para-aramides or Rusar, which can lead to faster wear of products.

CBM - heat-resistant ultra-strong, ultra-high modular para-aramid fiber, thread. Fiber, CBM thread has the following properties: high strength, incombustibility, durability and high modulus of elasticity (KE Perepelkin. Modern chemical fibers and prospects for their application in the textile industry. Russian Chemical Journal, No. 1, 2002, p. 42).

Rusar is a heat-resistant ultra-strong, ultra-high modular para-aramid fiber, thread. Fiber, CBM thread belongs to the heterocyclic group and has the following composition: polyamidobenzimimidazole based on heterocyclic p-diamine (45-35 mol%), n-phenylenediamine (5-15 mol%) and terephthaloyl chloride (50 mol%). Fiber, Rusar thread has the following properties: high strength, incombustibility, durability and high modulus of elasticity (KE Perepelkin. Modern chemical fibers and the prospects for their application in the textile industry. Russian Chemical Journal, No. 1, 2002, p. 42).

From RU 2241082, C1, November 27, 2004, blended single yarn containing stapled CBM and Rusar fibers united by single wool fibers is known, with the following ratio of components in yarn,%: wool fibers 10-40, staple fibers CBM and Rusar 60-90.

The specified yarn has increased strength due to the additional connection of the fibers with the core and fire resistance.

However, this yarn is not sufficiently fire resistant due to the use of wool fibers, which can lead to premature destruction of the fabric structure when it is used in an open flame.

Therefore, there remains the need to create alternative fire-resistant fabrics that would be able to meet accepted standards for fire resistance and heat resistance, while having reduced stiffness and good elasticity and drapability when operating in the extreme north at temperatures from minus 60 ° C.

The technical result is the creation of durable fire-resistant fabric with reduced stiffness and good elasticity and drapability when used in the extreme north at a temperature of minus 60 ° C.

The technical problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to create a heat-resistant fabric for protective clothing used when working in the north, that is, at low temperatures.

The uniqueness of the development is the property of the fabric to withstand high temperatures while being resistant to low temperatures. The invention creates a stable protective barrier against an open flame, while the fabric has high strength, relatively light weight, low coefficient of friction, while maintaining elasticity and drapability at high and low (minus) operating temperatures.

The technical result of the claimed invention is provided by the development of heat-resistant fabric formed by interweaving the warp and weft threads with a combined plain weave, based on the main rep and weft by the weft rep, made from the background warp and weft

- 1 034126 from a blended double-yarn yarn comprising para-aramid fiber and polyoxydiazole fiber in a ratio of 50 * 50, with a resulting linear density of 60 tex, with reinforcement on the warp and weft of a composite arimide thread of 29.4 tex * 2, with the percentage ratio yarn / thread in the fabric is 75/25, and the surface density of the fabric is not less than 260 g / m ² .

The density of threads in the base dressing is 241 and weft 184, with the number of warp threads 3616 and weft threads 1840 per 1 m, with the mass of the main thread 231 g and weft 173 g.

The heat-resistant fabric is further treated with at least one organofluorine preparation.

The product is made of heat-resistant fabric in the form of a garment.

An example implementation of the claimed invention is presented by refueling calculation of the claimed fabric, made on a shuttleless rapier weaving machine.

The width of the fabric, cm W = 150.

The density of filaments based on Po = 241.

The density of the threads on the duck Ru = 184.

Type of raw materials and structure of warp threads, tex.

Mixed yarn T = 30 * 2.

Arimide thread. complex tricky T = 29.4 * 2.

Type of raw materials and structure of weft, tex.

Mixed yarn T = 30 * 2.

Arimide thread. complex tricky T = 29.4 * 2.

Number of warp threads

By * W / 10 = 241 * 150.0 / 10 = 3615.00.

In fact, the warp threads Po = 3616

Of these, Po1 = 61616; for the background, 4 strings make their way into the reed tooth and translate Po2 = 0, along the edges along 2 * 0 = 0 strands into the reed tooth.

The number of weft threads in 1m

Pu = Py * b / 10 = 184 * 100/10 = 1840.

Byrd Metric Number

Hb = Po / ((1 + Au / 100) * Pf) = 241 / ((1 + 1.3 / 100) * 4) = 56.0.

Ro-density tissue based.

Ay-shrinkage of the fabric,%.

Psf is the number of threads made in the teeth of the reed by the background of the fabric.

The number of threads in the teeth of the reed in the dressing 2 = Po1 / Pzf + Po2 / Pzkr = 3616.4 + 2 * 0 = 0/0 = 851.

The width of the parting on the reed, cm

Mw = / * 10 / Na = 851 * 10 / 56.0 = 151.9.

The length of the main thread, cm

Lo1 = L tk / (1-Ao1 / 100) = 109.8,

Lo2 = L tc / (1-Ao2 / 100) = 109.8.

The length of the weft thread, cm

Ly = Шв + 2 * L cr = 151.9 + 2 * 4.0 = 160.9 (where L cr = 4.0, the edge of the product is doubled by weft threads).

The mass of the main thread, g

Mo1 = POSHO * To1 / 100 * 1000 = 3616 * 109.8 * 58.0 / 100 = 203.3,

Mo2 = Po2 * 1o * 1o2 / 100 * 1000 = 2 * 0 = 0 * 109.8 * 59.5 / 100 * 1000 = 27.7.

The weight of the weft thread, g

Mu1Yu * Ru * Tu1Sh tk1 / 100 * 1000 * 10 = 160.9 * 184 * 58.0 * 35.0 / 100 * 1000 * 10 = 60.1,

My2 = Ly * Py * Ty2 * 1t21 / 100 * 1000 * 10 = 160.9 * 184 * 58.0 * 35.0 / 100 * 1000 * 10 = 60.1.

The mass of 1 m of fabric is 395.4 g.

The surface density of the fabric is 260 / m ² .

The technical result is also achieved by the product of the above fabric, such as a suit, protective clothing.

The illustration shows the fabric formed by the design of the combined plain weave in accordance with an embodiment of the invention according to claim 1 of the formula.

The fabric is made with combined linen weaving based on the main reps, weft by weft reps, the fabric is produced on 20 heald looms (reed No. 56), 4 and 5 strands per reed tooth (3 teeth, 4 strands and 4 tooth per 5 threads). Due to the 5th thread gain reinforcement on the basis. The machine allows you to adjust the weaving throat in the process of creating fabric with the ability to change the density in the weft, i.e. the ability to alternately lay three threads instead of one allows you to gain reinforcement in the weft. Base reinforcement and weft are performed with a chopped complex arimide thread

- 2 034126

29.4 tex * 2.

Arimide - heat-resistant fiber based on aromatic polyimides has low thermal conductivity, exceptional radiation resistance, excellent electrical insulation properties

The background warp and weft threads are made of blended yarn from para-aramid and polyoxydiazole fibers.

Para-aramid fibers have heat resistance, increased rigidity, strength and low elongation, therefore, it is mainly used for reinforcing rubber technical products, plastics and fiber optics. To give these fibers acceptable textile properties, a blended yarn is made of para-aramid fibers and polyoxydiazole fiber in a ratio of 50 * 50, wt.%.

Oxalon polyoxidiazole fiber (Arsenol) is characterized by a fairly high resistance to chemicals, good electrical insulation properties, thermal stability and reduced combustibility. But most importantly, it is the low coefficient of friction that these fibers possess. Textiles using these fibers retain elasticity and drape at high and low temperatures.

The selected parameters are experimentally determined and proved.

Changes in the characteristics of the fabric at other intervals (except for those indicated: 29.4 tex * 2 arimide thread, para-aramid fibers and polyoxydiazole fiber in a ratio of 50 * 50, wt.%, Linear density 60 tex, yarn / thread ratio in the composition of the fabric is 75/25 , the surface density of the fabric, not less than 260 g / m ² ) does not allow the combination of properties at elevated and simultaneously lowered temperatures and resistance to repeated bending (30,000 cycles), which does not provide the necessary drape.

To impart hydrophobic and olefobic properties to the fabric at the final stage of decoration, oil-repellent treatment is carried out with at least one organofluorine preparation (PFAA polyfluoroalkyl acrylate latexes can be used).

The heat-resistant fabric developed in accordance with the invention is intended to be used as the top material of a protective frost-resistant suit for firefighters.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a product is developed, such as a garment, frost-resistant protective suit (KZM-60) made of this heat-resistant fabric.

Tests of the fabric obtained for using it as a material for the top of the suit were carried out for compliance with the requirements of GOST R 53264-2009, claims 5.2.1 (table 1, line 2), 5.3.1 (table 4b of line 15,16,18) the following indicators:

resistance of the material of the top of the suit to the effects of heat flow with a surface density

5, 0 kW / m ² , not less than 240;

40.0 kW / m ² , not less than 5.

resistance of the material of the top of the suit to the effects of an ambient temperature of 300 ° C for 300 s:

destruction of the material (through burnout) - was not observed, ignition - was not observed, shrinkage on the base and weft,% - 0, decrease in physical and mechanical parameters of the material from the standard value,%:

a) breaking load:

on the basis - 0 (2060 N), on the weft - 0 (1814 N),

b) tear resistance:

on the basis - 0 (209 N), on the weft - 0 (104 N), resistance of the material of the top of the suit to contact with a solid surface heated to 400 ° C for 7 s:

destruction of the material (through burnout) was not observed, ignition was not observed, the decrease in the physical and mechanical properties of the material from the standard value,%:

a) breaking load:

on the basis - 0 (2516 N), on the weft - 0 (1940 N),

b) tear resistance:

on the basis - 0 (231 N), on the weft - 0 (180 N), the suit's resistance to a single exposure to an open flame for 5 s: the temperature at any point in the suit space is 31.5 ° C, there is no residual burning and smoldering.

- 3 034126

Assessment of resistance to repeated bending of 30,000 cycles of material destruction (through fractures and cracks of warp and weft threads) showed the absence of all samples.

* Standard values of physical and mechanical parameters for BOP are:

breaking load:

based on at least 1000 N, weft at least 800 N, tear resistance:

based not less than 80 N, by duck not less than 60 N.

The test results of physical and mechanical studies of the obtained fabric for and using it as the material of the suit top in accordance with GOST 53264-2009 indicate that the claimed fabric fully complies with the standards.

The design of KZM-60, materials and fabrics used for its manufacture, meets the requirements of GOST R 53264 and technical specifications.

KZM-60, multilayer protective clothing, consists of a jacket and semi-overalls (trousers) with heat-insulating linings.

KZM-60, depending on the climatic version and the top material used, is made in accordance with table. 1.

Table 1

- Climate execution Upper Material Used The protective suit is frost-resistant (KZM60) Type A (arctic) for use in climatic regions with an ambient temperature of minus 60 ° С to 40 ° С Type P - heat-resistant material with a polymer coating. Type T - heat-resistant material without a polymer coating.

By belonging, KZM-60 is subdivided for the commanding staff (A) and ordinary staff (B).

The weight of KZM-60 is: 5.0 kg.

Package of materials for the manufacture of protective clothing KZM-60: frost-resistant top material, waterproof layer, heat-insulating lining, lining fabric.

The design of trousers and semi-overalls provides donning without removing shoes.

The fittings fastened to the top of the suit do not come in contact with the inner heat-insulating layer.

The jacket covers trousers at least 30 cm long.

The suit has fluorescent and luminescent overlays in the form of strips with a width of at least 50 cm.The area of overlays on the jacket is at least 0.2 m ² , in the chest and back at least 0.08 m ² , and on trousers at least 0.052 m ² . The areas of luminescent and fluorescent coatings are the same.

Jacket sleeves have wristlets.

The suit has a stand-up collar with a height of 100 mm, on its inner side a fabric is sewn on that does not irritate human skin.

On a jacket there are loops for a fire rescue belt, and also a pocket for a radio station. All pockets have fastening valves and openings for water drainage.

Time for self-highlighting of pads 30 min.

The time of residual burning or decay of the outer surface is not more than 2 s after exposure to an open flame for 5 s.

The material of the top of the suit has a stable color both during normal use and during the washing process.

Shrinkage after getting wet and heating is less than 5%.

The design ensures the absence of traces or drops of water after finding the fabric of the top of the suit under the influence of a water column 1000 mm high for one minute.

The suit has parameters and characteristics in accordance with the requirements of the technical specifications given in table. 2:

- 4 034126

table 2

p / p Name of parameters and characteristics Meaning AND I 1. Resistance to heat flux 5 kW / m ² , s, not less than 40 kW / m ² , s, not less 240 5 2. Resistance of all external elements of the suit to the effects of an open flame, s, not less 5 3. Resistance to ambient temperature 300 ° C, s, not less 180 4. Resistance to contact with surfaces at 400 ° C, s, not less 7 5. Resistance to acids and alkalis H2SO4, НС1, concentration up to 20%, flow volume at zero penetration,%, not less 80 6. Breaking load of top material: base, N, not less than weft, N, not less 1000 800 7. The resistance of the upper material to tearing: on the basis, N, not less than a weft, N, not less 80 60 8. The resistance of the material of the top to repeated bending, thousand cycles, not less 300 9. Breaking load of top material, at temperature minus 60 ° C: based, N, not less duck, N, not less 500 300 10. The tear resistance of the material of the top, at a temperature of minus 60 ° C: based, N, not less duck, N, not less 40 thirty AND. Resistance of the top material to repeated bending, at a temperature of minus 60 ° C thousand cycles, not less 100

The design of the suit and all its elements is resistant to mechanical stresses that may occur during transportation as part of fire trucks; provides the possibility of transportation by all means of transport.

The reliability indicators of the product correspond to the following values:

service life before write-off - 3 years;

the average shelf life is 5 years.

The design of the suit and its parts ensures the safety of personnel during production, testing, as well as during operation, maintenance and repairs.

Materials and accessories of fabrics, seams, constructive design of the details of the costume do not have an irritating and harmful effect on the human body.

Tests of the claimed fabric and costume using this fabric as the top material of the costume were successfully passed in the testing laboratory of the Research Institute of the Center for Fire Engineering and Fire-Fighting Systems FSBI VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, IL SIC and SP FSBI VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia and are recommended for staffing the fire services and the Ministry of Emergencies.

Claims (4)

CLAIM 1. Heat-resistant fabric formed by weaving the warp and weft threads with a combined plain weave, based on the main turn and weft by the weft turn, made of background threads on the warp and weft of blended double-thread yarn, including para-aramid fiber and polyoxidiazole fiber in a ratio of 50 * 50, with the resulting linear density of 60 tex, with reinforcement on the warp and the weft of the trimmed complex arimide thread 29.4 tex * 2, while the percentage - 5 034126 the ratio of yarn / thread in the composition of the fabric is 75/25, and the surface density of the fabric is 260 g / m ² . 2. The heat-resistant fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the density of the threads in the dressing on the base is 241 and the weft is 184, with the number of warp threads 3616 and weft threads 1840 in 1 m, with a mass of the main thread of 231 g and weft - 173 g. 3. The heat-resistant fabric according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is additionally treated with at least one organofluorine preparation. 4. The product is made of heat-resistant fabric, characterized in any of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that it is made in the form of a garment.