RU2612421C1 - Device for making underwater works - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention is relevant to communication-cable laying and making other construction works under water. The device includes above-water part in the form of flat-bottomed boat provided with operator board, combustion engine and source of electric power, and underwater part in the form of caterpillar undercarriage equipped with the system of electrically-controlled hydraulic drive and provided with rear-fastened operating element intended for trenching and cable laying into dug trench. The said operating element is provided with hydraulic drive and hydraulically-driven front-fastened moldboard. At that, underwater device part is connected to electric-power source and to operator board with the aid of electric control cable. It is also provided with coil of laid cable. When being transported overland, above-water part is fastened to underwater part with the aid of quick-split connection, and is equipped with floated balloons along outer perimeter for holding itself on water. Suitable-for-rotation coil of laid cable is fastened to moldboard, above-water- and underwater parts are additionally connected against each other with the aid of ropes and bundle of high-pressure sleeves for supplying working liquid from hydraulic pumps of above-water part to system of hydraulic control of caterpillar undercarriage and of hydraulic drive of operating elements. At that the mentioned bundle of high-pressure sleeves is laid together with electric cable on suitable-for-rotation drum fastened to underwater part.

EFFECT: device is provided with expanded technological functions, capable to move with the aid of own driving force to the site for making works in position, when its above-water and underwater parts are jointed one with another (self-driving), and execute its tasks without return to production base during at least 24 hours.

13 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates to the laying of cable communications and other construction works under water.

The authors of the invention have studied an array of patents for inventions and utility models of the Russian Federation, as well as information published on the Internet related to the above technical field, as a result of which the following analogues were discovered.

There is a well-known technique used in the production of underwater operations, recommended when the width of a river or a reservoir is 200 m or more (see the article "Laying a cable under water - Laying power cable lines, forca.ru on the Internet). To carry out this work, either a pontoon, or a towed one, or a self-propelled barge are used, on the deck of which a drum with a cable wound on it is fixed. Workers on a pontoon or barge unwind the cable from the drum and lower it into the water. The diver, following the barge, takes the cable and puts it in the right place at the bottom of the trench.

A disadvantage of the known technique used in underwater cable laying is the low laying speed due to the use of manual labor by divers.

Another well-known analogue overcomes this drawback (see RF patent for invention No. 2175617, IPC B63B 35/04, claimed August 15, 2000, “Cable laying complex”). The cable-laying complex contains a pontoon with electrical and hydraulic equipment, which is connected via hydraulic hoses, floats and a tow cable to an underwater deepener, including a pair of supporting skis, on which a supporting frame with a trencher drive is fixed. A drum with a cable is installed in front of the supporting skis, which, through a cable connected to a towing device located on the shore, carry out the movement of the underwater deepener along the bottom of the water area. The disadvantage inherent in the previous analogue is overcome in this patent, namely, the speed of work is increased due to the elimination of manual labor on cable laying. However, in the known cable laying complex, in addition to the surface part (pontoon) and the underwater part (underwater deepener for supporting skis), a traction device is added on the shore to move the underwater deepener, which complicates its design.

A device for producing underwater operations is known (see RF patent for the invention No. 2165121, IPC H02G 1/10, H02G 1/06, H02G 9/02, E02F 5/00, claimed on 11/24/1999, “Method for laying cables and polyethylene pipelines under water below the mark of the bottom of the reservoir and a device for its implementation "), containing a floating flat-bottomed surface part equipped with an operator console, an internal combustion engine and a source of electric energy, and an underwater part made in the form of a caterpillar chassis with a hydraulic drive system and a working gear fixed to the back a gun for digging a trench and laying a cable in it, equipped with a hydraulic drive, while the underwater part of the device is connected by a power electric cable to a source of electric energy and an operator console and equipped with a coil with a cable to be laid.

A disadvantage of the known device is its lack of mobility, since an additional vehicle is required to deliver the surface part to the place where the cable starts, where the underwater part gets on its own. The device requires time for launching the surface part into the water, connecting the power electric cable to the underwater part to provide power to its nodes. Thus, it is not adapted to the simultaneous movement of both parts of the device and the rapid deployment of work. This implies another drawback, namely the lack of full autonomy of the device on land. Autonomy appears only when working in a pond. In addition, another drawback is that the device is narrowly profile in terms of its technological functions, because equipped with one working body designed for digging a trench and laying cable in it.

The analogue discussed above is a device for laying cables under water according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2165121 for an invention, in technical essence and the achieved effect is closer than the others to the claimed invention, therefore it is selected as the closest analogue (prototype).

The objective of the invention is the creation of a universal device for the production of underwater operations with high mobility and complete autonomy.

The technical result, to which the claimed invention is directed, is to provide a device for underwater operations with advanced technological functions, namely, capable of performing underwater not only digging a trench and laying cable in it, but also preparing the bottom surface for construction work, except that is self-propelled, that is, able to move on its own traction to the place of work in the docked with each other position above and below the water Tei. And finally, with the ability for a long time (at least 24 hours) to perform their tasks without entering the production base.

This problem is solved due to the fact that in the device for performing underwater operations containing a floating flat-bottomed surface part equipped with an operator console, an internal combustion engine and an electric energy source, and an underwater part made in the form of a caterpillar chassis with an electrically controlled hydraulic drive system and with a working body fixed at the back for digging a trench and laying a cable in it, equipped with a hydraulic drive, while the underwater part of the device is connected by an electric a control belt with an electric energy source and an operator console and equipped with a coil with a cable to be laid, according to the invention, the surface part when transported by land is fastened to the underwater part with a quick release connection, and for keeping it on the water, it is equipped with inflatable balloons on the outer perimeter, the chassis is equipped with a second working body, mounted on it in front and equipped with a hydraulic drive, and the second working body is made in the form of a blade, on which a coil with with a stackable cable, the surface and underwater parts are additionally interconnected by cables and a bundle of high pressure hoses for supplying working fluid from hydraulic pumps mounted on the surface of the hydraulic pumps to the hydraulic control system of the caterpillar chassis and hydraulic drives of the working bodies, while the above bundle of high pressure hoses are laid together with the electric cable on the drum, mounted rotatably on the surface.

The working body for digging a trench and laying cable in it is made in the form of a vibrating knife.

Traction winches with cables are fixed on the bow and stern of the above-water part, the free ends of which are respectively fixed in front and behind the caterpillar chassis.

The electric control cable is placed in a sealed high-pressure hose and, together with a bundle of high-pressure hoses, forms a single loop.

On the surface of the surface part around the perimeter hinged shields are mounted with sides located above the inflatable balloons. The underwater part is equipped with a block of levers of the duplicate manual control caterpillar chassis, made airtight.

Above the tracks, platforms are mounted rigidly connected to the tracked chassis.

Two pipes are welded along the bottom of the surface of the surface for installation on rubber mounts mounted on the frame of the tracked chassis. The quick disconnect connection consists of lanyards and a stud with a nut, equipped with dampers, and for fixing the lanyards on the sides of the stern of the surface of the surface and on both sides of the back of the tracked chassis, brackets with holes are fixed, while a threaded hole is made under the pin in the center of the nose of the surface of the surface, and on the bracket attached to the center of the front of the tracked chassis, a groove is made for the passage of the studs.

Turnbuckles contain two hooks ending with threaded rods twisting in the opposite direction with respect to each other into the threaded holes of two plates made in the form of washers. The coil with the cable to be laid is fixed on an axis mounted in bearings mounted on brackets rigidly connected to the blade.

The hydraulic motors of the hydraulic drive system of the caterpillar chassis and the hydraulic drives of the working bodies are sealed. The operator console, internal combustion engine, hydraulic pumps and a source of electrical energy are sealed.

Studies on patent and scientific and technical sources of information indicate that the proposed device for the production of underwater operations is not known and does not follow explicitly from the studied prior art, and, therefore, meets the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step".

The inventive device can be manufactured in the workshops of large and medium-sized engineering enterprises producing tracked tractors, and having a staff of specialists capable of constructing and manufacturing the surface part in the form of a punt boat, using standard domestic or imported equipment, known technologies and materials manufactured as domestic and foreign industry.

The inventive device for the production of underwater operations can be used in any areas of the water area, the depth of which is from 2 to 40 m.

Thus, the claimed device for the production of underwater operations meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The proposed set of essential features allows us to solve the problem.

The installation of the second working body, made in the form of a blade, makes, on the one hand, the inventive device more versatile, allowing you to perform other construction work necessary, for example, to install piles for supporting bridges and marinas, thereby expanding its technological functions, and, on the other hand, allows you to use the surface of the blade ("mirror"), as a platform for mounting the coil with a cable, taken out of the dimensions of the surface part. Thanks to such a constructive solution, unimpeded docking of both parts of the claimed device is ensured, and it is not necessary to increase the length of the caterpillar chassis to the size of the surface part. Fixing the surface and underwater parts with each other significantly increases the mobility of the entire device as a whole due to its self-propulsion (ability to move on its own traction), and hence the simultaneous transportation to the place of work by land. An electric control cable for supplying energy, high-pressure hoses for supplying working fluid from the surface to the underwater part, as well as the cables are already permanently connected, that is, before the start of movement to the destination. In the future, the device does not depend on extraneous power sources, either on land or in water, being completely autonomous. When entering the water, a quick undocking of both parts is carried out and inflatable balloons are pumped around the entire outer perimeter of the surface part, which ensures its stable position in a floating state. Then, when applying the appropriate signal, the working body begins to dig a trench and lay a cable in it, that is, to carry out the working cycle. The high mobility of the device allows you to save time on the deployment of work and their immediate implementation. The cables position the position of the surface part in relation to the underwater part constantly during the underwater operations, not allowing the surface part to move away from the place of work. This eliminates the possibility of pulling and rupture of the so-called loop, which is a joint laying of an electric control cable and a bundle of high-pressure hoses for supplying working fluid to a rotating drum mounted on the surface.

The vibrating cable layer does not destroy the top layer of the soil and after laying the cable the trench itself falls asleep (the soil is pulled back), moreover, the vibration knives are most effective when working on wet and wet soils. The vibrating knife is more practical than a saw, has fewer wearing parts and requires virtually no maintenance.

Cables that allow you to position the surface of the relative to the caterpillar chassis are fixed on both parts of the claimed device: with the installation on the bow and stern of the surface of the traction winches with cables and, accordingly, with the free ends of the cables securing the front and rear chassis of the underwater part. This ensures the joint work of both parts.

Creating a single loop of high-pressure hoses, including not only a bundle of hoses for supplying working fluid that are sealed, but also placing the electric control cable in a sealed high-pressure hose simplifies the laying of hoses on the drum and increases the reliability of the electric cable in water.

Hinged boards with sides mounted pivotally attached to the body of the surface part are mounted on top of the inflatable balloons. When traveling by land of the claimed device, the hinged shields with the sides are lowered vertically downwards, and when the two parts are separated on the water, they are raised to a horizontal position, serving as stops for the cylinders in the inflated state and ensuring the convenience of moving the crew around the entire perimeter of the surface part.

In the event of an emergency, such as a break in the electric cable or its failure, duplication of manual control of the chassis by a diver is provided, for which there is a block of levers of manual control of the chassis, which is sealed.

For the convenience of reaching the block of levers, a diver above the tracks is mounted and rigidly connected to the platform chassis.

To reduce the shaking of the device when moving overland in the docked state of the surface and underwater parts, cushions are mounted on the caterpillar chassis frame on which two pipes are supported, welded along the flat bottom of the surface part.

Quick disconnect solves the problem of quick docking and connector of the surface and underwater parts of the claimed device, increasing the mobility of the device. Of course, lanyards - this is only one of a number of quick disconnect options selected from the price-quality ratio. For reliable docking of both parts of the inventive device, it is sufficient to secure them with lanyards from the sides of the stern of the above-water part, and in the center of the bow use of a stud with a nut. All three mounts are equipped with dampers to smooth out shaking, vibration and vibration when moving on land or in shallow water in the docked position of the device.

Hook-and-eye lanyards are used in the device because they provide the best adjustment of cable tension.

The reel with the cable to be laid provides its free reeling, due to the rotation of its axis in bearings fixed by means of brackets on the blade. In the course of work related to laying the cable, the blade provides carrying of the coil with the cable to the place of its laying in the trench.

The tight execution of the nodes of the surface part provides its protection against waves, splashes, rain, and also saves from flooding. In addition, the sealed implementation of the nodes of the underwater part for a long time maintains their performance.

The proposed device for the production of underwater operations is illustrated by drawings, which are presented on:

FIG. 1 - General view of the device;

FIG. 2 - Schematic diagram of the hydraulic drive system of the caterpillar chassis;

FIG. 3 - Section AA of FIG. one;

FIG. 4 - View of the boat frame from the bow;

FIG. 5 - Section AA of FIG. four;

FIG. 6 - The frame of the boat with cylinders in isometric view;

FIG. 7 - Side view of the caterpillar chassis without mounted attachments;

FIG. 8 - Top view of the tracked chassis without mounted attachments;

FIG. 9 - Section AA of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 - View from the side of the stern on the lanyard;

FIG. 11 - View from the side of the nose to the stud with nut;

FIG. 12 - Side view of a blade with a coil with cable;

FIG. 13 - View A in FIG. 12.

The inventive device comprises a flat-bottomed floating surface part (hereinafter referred to as boat 1) and an underwater part (hereinafter referred to as tracked chassis 2) shown in FIG. 1. Boat 1 is equipped with an operator’s cabin 3 with an operator console (not shown in the diagram), an internal combustion engine (hereinafter ICE 4), an electric energy source (not shown in diagram), which is a generator located in the same compartment as the ICE 4 , and the battery of batteries, and hydraulic pumps 5. The operator's console is equipped with joysticks, indicators and tracking devices, screens of cameras and sonars (sonars), a walkie-talkie for communication with a diver. Crawler chassis 2 is driven by a hydraulic drive system (to hell, not indicated) with electric control. The indicated hydraulic drive system of the tracked chassis 2 is shown in FIG. 2, and in addition to the aforementioned hydraulic pumps 5 installed on the boat 1, contains hydromotors 6 mounted on the caterpillar chassis 2, whose shafts rotate the gears (not shown) of the final drives 7, which drive the drive sprockets 8 of the caterpillar chassis 2. two working bodies: a blade 9 is fixed on the front and a working body on the back for digging a trench and laying a cable into it (hereinafter vibration knife 10). Both the blade 9 and the vibrating knife 10 are equipped with hydraulic drives (to hell, not indicated). A coil 11 is mounted on the blade 9 with a stackable cable 12, which, passing along the tracked chassis 2, falls onto the guide and restrictive rollers 13, which protect it from displacement from the intended path, and enters the vibrating knife 10, after which it fits into the formed trench. The boat 1 and caterpillar chassis 2 are connected by a low-voltage electric cable (to hell, not indicated), placed in a sealed high-pressure hose, and a bundle (to hell, not marked) of high-pressure hoses (hereinafter referred to as the WFD), folded together in one loop 14 of the WFD. The entire cable 14 of the WFD is laid on the drum 15 mounted on the stern of the boat 1 (Fig. 3) and fixed with the possibility of rotation on its frame (not shown in the drawing). Free rotation around its axis of the drum 15 is provided by roller bearings (not shown in FIG.). On the frame of the boat 1 in the center of the drum 15 also has a rotating hydraulic manifold (not shown in the drawing). According to the excavator type, the working fluid is supplied to the fixed part of the hydraulic manifold and then passes through the channels to the rotating part, which follows the rotation of the drum (See Hydraulic drive of crawler excavators and the basics of its operation. Methodological instructions. St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Automotive Faculty of Road, Department of Transport-Technological Machines - St. Petersburg, 2011, p. 111, Fig. 66). From the rotating part of the collector, the RVD loop 14 goes under water to the caterpillar chassis 2. When the drum 15 is rotated in the opposite direction, the RVD loop 14 is returned to the drum 15. The boat 1 and the caterpillar chassis 2 are additionally interconnected by bow 16 and aft 17 cables coming from the traction winches: bow 18, mounted on the bow of boat 1, and stern 19, mounted on the stern of boat 1, and the free ends of the cables 16, 17 are equipped with hooks (not shown in the drawing) for attachment to brackets (not shown in the drawing) in front and behind the caterpillar chassis 2. Traction drive x winches 18, 19 is powered by batteries with the engine 4 turned off and from the generator and batteries when the engine 4 is started. To keep it on water during underwater operations, boat 1 is equipped with inflatable balloons 20 along the outer perimeter (Fig. 4-6), above which The hinged shields 21 with the sides 22 are pivotally fixed, made with the ability to take a horizontal position in working condition on the water. They serve as stops for the cylinders 20 in the inflated state, and also provide free movement of the crew around the perimeter of the boat 1. In the transport state, the cylinders 20 are lowered and closed by folding shields 21, lowered vertically down. They are made of metal sheets treated on the outside with an anti-slip coating, and on the inside reinforced with channels and kerchiefs (not shown in the drawing) to give rigidity to the shields 21. Platforms 23, also made of metal sheets with an anti-slip coating, are mounted above the tracks and rigidly connected to the tracked chassis 2 (Fig. 7). They can be safely walked when servicing the tracked chassis 2 on the ground and under water, they protect the bottom of the boat 1 when moving in docked condition. In the event of an emergency break in the electric cable, or failure, the diver uses the block 24 of the manual control levers of the tracked chassis 2, which is sealed. A headlamp 25 is attached to each platform 23 to illuminate the path. In FIG. 8-9, rubber-metal cushions 26 are mounted on the caterpillar chassis frame (not shown in the drawing). The cushions 26, on which two pipes 27 rest, welded along the flat bottom of boat 1, three are enough on each side of the caterpillar to soften the shaking of the entire claimed device when moving by land in the docked state of boat 1 and caterpillar chassis 2. For their docking, a quick disconnect connection (not shown in the drawing) containing two turnbuckles (not shown in the drawing) (Fig. 10) and stud 28 with nut 29 (FIG. 11) provided with a cut new dampers 30 and 31, respectively. Each lanyard contains two hooks 32, ending with threaded rods twisting in the opposite direction relative to each other into the threaded holes of two plates in the form of washers 33, between which there is a rubber damper 30. For fixing the lanyards on the sides of the stern of the boat 1, the upper brackets 34 are fixed with holes, and on both sides of the rear tracked chassis 2 are fixed lower brackets 35 with holes. A threaded hole is made under the pin 28 in the center of the bow of the boat 1 (not indicated in the drawing), and a groove is made in the center of the front of the tracked chassis 2 on the bracket 36 attached to it to pass the pin 28. When the washers 33 rotate in one direction, they come closer, compressing the rubber of the damper 30, increasing the tightness, while rotating to the other, the damper 30 is unclenched, reducing the tightness, which allows you to release the hooks 32 from the holes of the upper 34 and lower 35 brackets when undocking the boat 1 and tracked chassis 2. In FIG. 12-13 shows a coil 11 with a cable being laid, mounted on an axis 37 mounted in bearings 38 mounted on 4 brackets: two upper 39 and two lower 40, rigidly connected to the blade mirror 9.

The inventive device operates as follows.

A device for underwater assembly work, that is, in the docked position of the boat 1 with the caterpillar chassis 2, drives up to the edge of the shore of the water area, along the bottom of which it is necessary to lay a communication cable, for example fiber optic. Here, on the shore, with the help of a compressor, cylinders 20 are pumped to such a volume that the folding shields 21 with the sides 22 occupy a horizontal position, after which the device enters the water. When it goes deeper, about one meter, the maintenance staff opens the lanyards and twists the studs 28. The boat 1, freed from the mount, floats, and the tracked chassis 2 continues to move along the bottom of the reservoir. The cable 14 of the WFD and the cables 16, 17 from the winches 18, 19, respectively, begin to unwind at the same time. Thus, the boat 1 is positioned relative to the caterpillar chassis 2, besides the possibility of breaking the cable 14 of the WFD due to their pulling is excluded. A coordinating diver dives into the water, and the operator, working at the top behind the operator console, turns on the hydraulic drive of the vibrating knife 10 and the cable laying begins. When the tracked chassis 2 and boat 1 reach the other shore of the reservoir, the latter is installed on the chassis, which is gradually selected in shallow water, where they are fastened to each other with lanyards and a stud 28. The device is selected on the shore, and it is washed and dried, preparing for the next once.

In a situation when a low-voltage electric control cable breaks or fails, the coordinating diver, having received an instruction from the boat operator 1, travels along one of the platforms 23 to the block 24 of the duplicate manual control levers caterpillar chassis 2, raises the blade 9 and the vibration knife 10 to stowed position and organizes an emergency exit of the chassis to the surface.

If necessary, prepare the bottom surface of the reservoir for underwater construction work, such as installing piles for supporting bridges and marinas, free the blade mirror 9 from the coil 11 with the cable being laid and carry out a device control cycle similar to that described above.

The advantages of the claimed device for the production of underwater operations, compared with the closest analogue:

- expansion of technological capabilities through the use of a blade during underwater construction work;

- high mobility, due to self-propulsion to the place of immersion and the beginning of cable laying or the place of construction work under water;

- full autonomy on land and in water for 24 hours of continuous operation;

- compactness, which is convenient when transporting the device, because it is included in the permissible road dimensions;

- simplicity of installation / dismantle;

- convenience in operation.

Claims (13)

1. A device for the production of underwater operations containing a floating flat-bottomed surface part equipped with an operator console, an internal combustion engine and a source of electric energy, and an underwater part made in the form of a caterpillar chassis with an electrically controlled hydraulic drive system and a working body for digging fixed at the back trenches and cable laying in it, equipped with a hydraulic drive, while the underwater part of the device is connected by an electric control cable to an electric source of energy and an operator console and is equipped with a reel with a cable to be laid, characterized in that the surface part is transported by quick-connect connection to the underwater part by land, and is equipped with inflatable balloons on the outer perimeter for transportation on land, the chassis is equipped with a second working body mounted on it front and equipped with a hydraulic drive, and the second working body is made in the form of a blade, on which is mounted rotatably a coil with a cable to be laid, above and underwater the parts are additionally interconnected by cables and a bundle of high-pressure hoses for supplying working fluid from hydraulic pumps installed on the surface of the hydraulic pumps to the hydraulic control system of the caterpillar chassis and hydraulic drives of the working bodies, while the above-mentioned bundle of high-pressure hoses is laid together with an electric cable on the drum fixed with the possibility of rotation on the surface. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the working body for digging a trench and laying cable in it is made in the form of a vibration knife. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that traction winches with cables are fixed on the bow and stern of the above-water part, the free ends of which are respectively fixed in front and behind the caterpillar chassis. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric control cable is placed in a sealed high-pressure sleeve and forms a single loop together with a bundle of high-pressure hoses. 5. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that on the body of the above-water part around the perimeter hinged shields with sides located above the inflatable balloons are articulated. 6. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the underwater part is equipped with a block of levers duplicating manual control tracked chassis, made airtight. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that over the tracks are installed platforms rigidly connected to the tracked chassis. 8. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that along the bottom of the above-water part two pipes are welded for installation on rubber-metal pads mounted on the frame of the caterpillar chassis. 9. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the quick-connect is a lanyard and a stud with a nut, equipped with dampers, and for fixing the lanyards on the sides of the stern of the surface of the surface and on both sides of the back of the tracked chassis are fixed brackets with holes, while under the stud a threaded hole is made in the center of the nose of the surface part, and a groove for the passage of the stud is made on the bracket attached to the center of the front of the caterpillar chassis. 10. The device according to paragraphs. 1 and 9, characterized in that the turnbuckles contain two hooks ending with threaded rods twisting in the opposite direction with respect to each other into the threaded holes of two plates made in the form of washers. 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the coil with the cable being laid is fixed on an axis mounted in bearings mounted on brackets rigidly connected to the blade. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic motors of the hydraulic drive system of the caterpillar chassis and the hydraulic drives of the working bodies are sealed. 13. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the operator console, internal combustion engine, hydraulic pumps and a source of electrical energy are sealed.

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