RU2611522C1 - Method for producing hot solutions in vertical tank of rectangular cross section, height of which is greater than transverse dimensions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: method for preparing hot solutions is carried out in a vertical tank of the rectangular cross-section, whose height is greater than the transverse dimensions, the tank bottom being heated from below by means of an infrared radiation heater with an autoregulator "voltage-temperature" and a temperature sensor. The liquid together with the dissolved material in the tank is divided into parts, the most of the liquid is left in the tank, one part is placed in a pipe with an electrode boiler, curved so that its hydraulic connection with the tank top and bottom creates the liquid rotation within the container in a clockwise direction, and another part of the liquid is pumped through an ultrasonic solution unit and returned to the tank so that the liquid rotation direction in the tank does not change. The tank is made square in section with the corners rounded on a circle arc, the infrared heater is made three-phase, of three modules identical by load as one piece with the tank, the ultrasonic solution unit is firmly and fixedly secured to the flat face of the tank near the autoregulator "voltage-temperature". The three-phase autoregulator "voltage-temperature" is attached similarly to the same face near the ultrasonic mortar junction, and the liquid in the tank is divided into five parts, leaving most of the liquid inside the tank, and three directed in three identical [ - shaped pipe electrode instantaneous boiler for each placing one of three diagonals tube along each of the three flat faces of the tube and attaching the pipes at the top and the bottom of the tank as communicating vessels. The fourth part of the liquid is taken into the ultrasonic mortar junction below the tank in the geometric centre of the bottom, and the liquid is returned into the tank from the ultrasonic reactor near its mounting face, forming a supply stream in the clockwise direction of the liquid rotation within the tank.

EFFECT: increasing the dissolution rate.

1 ex, 8 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a technology for dissolving difficultly soluble complex polymers such as starch in hot water, to a technology for dissolving initially solid natural or synthetic substances in a hot liquid medium, and also for producing hot solutions inside vertical containers, the height of which is greater than the size of the bottom.

The invention can be used to obtain technological solutions in fixed containers for washing parts, cables and other products after manufacture or before assembly.

To obtain heated solutions (electrolytes) in electrolysis and hydrolysis tanks, in galvanic baths.

To obtain heated solutions in order to clean parts from mechanical impurities.

To prepare the dressing solution with the aim of feeding it into the glue (wetting) bathtub (trough) of the sizing machine of the weaving industry of the textile industry.

1. The prior art

A known method of preparing a solution of dressing [1, p. 4-34], which is a weak solution of organic (natural) starch-based polymers. In this method [1, p. 36, fig. 4 and tab. 13] the solution is prepared as follows. Inside a cylindrical tank, with mechanical stirrers equipped with an electric drive, water is poured inside and heated by supplying steam inside the tank jacket for 15 minutes to 25-30 ° C. Then, on top of the tank (cylindrical container), lay the starch composition, turn on the mixers and mix the composition inside the container (tank) for 20 minutes. Then, for 6 minutes, during the mixing process, a splitter (for example, chloramine) is poured (injected) into the liquid mixture and the liquid mixture is mixed for 6 minutes. Then, water is added, the vessel is heated with steam (tank jacket) and the liquid mixture is stirred with stirrers for 45 minutes. After that, oils and glycerin are introduced into an almost ready solution, stirring it and heating it, and bring the solution to readiness for another 10 minutes.

The time required to prepare the solution is more than 1.5 hours. The finished solution from the lower part of the tank (tank) through a pipe with a control valve is continuously supplied to the sizing apparatus of the sizing machine [1, p. 51, fig. 11] directly into the glue bath [1, p. 51, fig. 11, pos. eighteen]. The main disadvantages of this method of obtaining solutions are

1. Extremely high energy consumption of steam heating and high steam consumption for 1.5 hours of solution preparation.

2. The complexity of the device that implements this method of preparation of solutions, the consumption of additional energy by the drive for the rotation of mechanical mixers and, limited by a viscous medium, the rotation frequency of the mixers.

3. Too long duration, in time, of the solution preparation process.

These disadvantages of this analogue are due to the specifics of steam heating. The double-walled jacket of the tank (tank) is heated by convection between the steam and the inner surfaces of the walls of the shirt. The liquid composition in the tank (in the tank) is heated from the inner wall of the shirt through thermal conductivity. The outer wall of the shirt absorbs the thermal energy of the steam, but it is useless to heat, since it has no contact with the liquid composition inside the tank.

From the scientific and technical literature it is known that during heat transfer by convection and heat conduction, energy transfer is approximately proportional to the temperature difference in the first degree. In heat transfer by radiation, energy transfer is also proportional to the temperature difference, but absolute, and each of them is raised to the 4th or 5th degree [2]. Therefore, heating by radiation is much more efficient than convection and thermal conductivity.

Known methods for heating rotating cylindrical containers (drying cylinders) from the inside by high-frequency currents [3, 4, 5, 6]. The main disadvantages are excessive energy consumption, complexity of implementation and limited functionality, due to the impossibility of inducing eddy (surface Foucault currents) currents in non-ferrous metal alloys. Capacities for the preparation of solutions are made of stainless steel 12X18H10T, which cannot be heated by radiation of high-frequency currents.

Known methods of contact electric heating of the cylindrical wall of a rotating cylindrical tank [7, 8]. The main disadvantages: the difficulty of implementation (manufacturing, installation and replacement of an electric heater) and the high energy intensity due to heat transfer by thermal conductivity.

It is known that the power of electromagnetic radiation is proportional to the square of its frequency and the maximum heating ability has radiation in the near infrared region, with a wavelength of 0.75-2 microns (f≈10 ¹⁴ Hz) [9]. Sources of such radiation are also known — quartz-halogen KGT lamps and infrared reflector lamps for ICZ [10]. KGT lamps create scattered radiation, and ICZ - directionally focused radiation in the near infrared region due to a mirror reflector in the bulb. Further in the text, this radiation will be designated abbreviated as NIKI.

Known methods for heating the cylindrical wall of a rotating container from the inside by means of directional electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of the infrared spectrum (hereinafter referred to as IRI (infrared radiation) by linear emitters of limited length [11, 12, 13, 14]. The main disadvantages are the difficulty of implementation due to the need manufacturing, installation and adjustment of individual reflectors for each individual emitter, to create a NIKI aimed at the inner cylindrical surface.

There is a method of heating the cylindrical wall of a rotating tank from the inside by point sources, compared with the dimensions of the tank itself, by NIKI sources [15, 16, 17]. These emitters are electric, mirror, infrared incandescent lamps, which are produced by domestic and foreign industry. The inner surface of the bulb of such a lamp is equipped with a mirror reflector directing all the energy of the IRI spiral along the axis of the lamp in the direction opposite to its base. In this method, these lamps, by means of heat-resistant ceramic cartridges, are fixedly mounted on the flat faces of the fixed box, and the box is fixedly mounted inside the container, coaxial to its inner cylindrical surface. Moreover, so that the NIKI of each point source is directed radially to the inner surface of the tank. This method allows to eliminate most of the disadvantages of convective heating, heat conduction heating, transformer heating and heating by NIKI from linear emitters of limited length (KGT lamps).

The disadvantages of this method are the high structural and technological complexity of implementation, the lack of reliability and durability of the electrical system (wiring, cartridges and a large number of electrical contacts) inside the tank, as well as excessive energy consumption.

The main disadvantage of all the above methods of heating is that their implementation does not functionally allow heating the flat bottom of a stationary vertical tank, the height of which is significantly larger than the size of the bottom.

Also known are flow-type electrode boilers (“GALAN”) [18, 19] that heat the fluid flowing in its own ionization chamber due to the high-frequency change of the poles of ionization of the liquid molecules (with an industrial network frequency of 50 Hz). These boilers are a tubular (cylindrical) ionizer (heater), to which a heating system hydraulic pipe is connected on both sides. Due to high-frequency ionization and reionization (from plus to minus) of liquid molecules with a frequency of 50 Hz, the latter, in the boiler’s chamber, heats up quickly, its pressure rises, pulsating at the same frequency, and such a boiler works both as a fluid heater and as a hydraulic pump . Such an electrically powered pump allows heating a liquid (for example, water) in a flow pipe connected hydraulically to other containers, for example, water heating batteries, and to provide centralized water heating, for example, in a room, apartment, or in a building consisting of several rooms.

There is also known a method of heating a liquid in a vertically mounted fixed container with a flat bottom and a rectangular section, the height of which is larger than the size of the bottom [20].

In this technical solution, the bottom of a vertically mounted cylindrical tank of rectangular cross-section is heated from below by NIKI from ICZ lamps, and the liquid is divided into two parts, one of which is left in the tank, and the other part is placed in a stationary pipe parallel to the tank from the outside, hydraulically connected to the container ends in the lower and upper parts of the container, as communicating vessels. This part of the liquid inside the pipe is heated by means of an electrode boiler, placing it motionless on the pipe above its mid-height, while initially the liquid is poured into the tank above the upper connection of the pipe to the tank.

The NIKI radiators and the electrode boiler are electrically connected in parallel to the power output of the voltage-temperature autoregulator, the power input of which is electrically connected to the industrial network, and the control input of the regulator is electrically connected to the temperature sensor, which is securely attached to the outer wall of the tank in the middle of the height of the liquid column in the tank .

This technical solution allows to significantly increase the rate of heating the liquid in the tank without increasing the number of NIKI emitters (without increasing the area of the bottom of the tank). At the same time, the liquid inside the pipe (with simultaneously operating heaters) continuously moves from bottom to top, creating a supply stream of liquid at the outlet from the upper hole, and a suction torch in the region of the hole at the lower ends of the pipe.

The most significant drawback of this heating method is the inability to quickly dissolve soluble substances in a liquid, since the liquid inside the vessel does not rotate (stir).

Another disadvantage is the placement of the temperature sensor in the middle of the height of the liquid column in the tank. As the size of this column decreases (as the fluid drains), this sensor must be continuously moved down. With a motionless fixation, the liquid level drops below the sensor and a distorted signal about the temperature of the liquid arrives at the control input of the voltage-temperature autoregulator. As the level decreases, the temperature decreases. In this case, at the controlled output of the autoregulator, the maximum electric power will always be supported to power the NIKI emitters. This is a very significant drawback of the prototype, which leads to an excessive use of energy for heating.

These disadvantages of the analogue are due to the complex structure of the device for preparing the dressing solution and the insufficient rate of interaction of the liquid, pulsating by pressure during mixing, with the soluble substance.

The essence of this dissolution method lies in the fact that the liquid composition from the tank is taken from above through a pipe attached to the tank, enters the reactor, in which it is subjected to a force action such as compression - tension by hydrodynamic forces and enters the lower part of the tank also through the pipe. Thus, the liquid composition circulates from the tank from above through an ultrasonic reactor and enters the lower part of the tank through pipes. The circulation of the liquid composition is carried out by

This method of dissolution significantly complicates the dissolution process, but at the same time, increase the dissolution rate of difficultly soluble natural polymers such as starch.

At the same time, it is known that in typical electrode boilers [21], the fluid flowing in the boiler’s own ionization chamber is heated due to a high-frequency change in the poles of the ionization of the liquid molecules (with an industrial network frequency of 50 Hz).

At the same time, it is known that in this process, changes in both the pressure and the frequency of reionization (in the ionization chamber), with the frequency of the industrial network, inside the ionization chamber, with the same frequency of the industrial network of 50 Hz, damage is created in the structure of soluble substances [22], which significantly accelerates the process dissolving, especially difficultly soluble, organic polymers such as starch.

-образные трубы с электродным проточным котлом на каждой, размещая по одной трубе на каждой вертикальной грани емкости в ее углах таким образом, что векторы движения потоков жидкости приточных струй из верхних отверстий труб направлены по часовой стрелке, а векторы движения потоков жидкости во всасывающих факелах в нижних концах труб направлены противоположно, причем датчик температуры жидкости устанавливают на одной из вертикальных граней емкости в нижней ее части на уровне всасывающих отверстий труб по высоте.A known method of producing hot solutions in a vertical container of rectangular cross section heated mainly from the bottom, for example, for the operation of a sizing machine for weaving. In the method, the bottom is heated from below by infrared emitters, and the liquid in the tank is divided into parts, one of which is heated and moved upward separately from the pipe contained in the tank. This pipe is combined with an electrode flow boiler and hydraulically connected to the tank at the top and bottom, as communicating vessels, combining infrared bottom heaters and the electrode boiler with an automatic heating system with continuous measurement of the liquid temperature, placing the liquid temperature sensor motionless on the outer surface of the tank. [23]. In this method, the liquid in the container is divided into five parts, leaving most of the liquid inside the container, and the remaining four are sent in four identical

-shaped pipes with an electrode flow boiler on each, placing one pipe on each vertical face of the container in its corners so that the vectors of motion of the fluid flows of the supply jets from the upper holes of the pipes are clockwise, and the vectors of motion of the fluid flows in the suction flares in the lower ends of the pipes are directed opposite, and the liquid temperature sensor is mounted on one of the vertical faces of the container in its lower part at the level of the suction openings of the pipes in height.

-образных труб присоединены к емкости снизу и сверху напротив друг друга в ее ребрах. При работе котлов 7 в нижней части емкости при всасывании жидкости формируются всасывающие факелы ВФ [23, фиг. 3], а в верхней части емкости - приточные струи ПС [23, фиг. 2]. Векторы гидравлических сил в приточных струях ПС и во всасывающих факелах ВФ образуют моменты сил вращения жидкости в нижней и верхней частях емкости.The method uses not one, but four pipes 6 [23, FIG. 1-3]. Each tube is equipped with an electrode boiler 7 [23, FIG. 1-2] and placed vertically along the tank. Ends

-shaped pipes are attached to the tank from below and from above opposite each other in its ribs. During the operation of boilers 7 in the lower part of the tank during suction of the liquid, suction torches of the WF are formed [23, FIG. 3], and in the upper part of the tank - supply air jets PS [23, Fig. 2]. The vectors of hydraulic forces in the supply jets of the PS and in the suction flares of the WF form the moments of the forces of rotation of the liquid in the lower and upper parts of the tank.

This method has very significant disadvantages.

The first is due to the fact that in the upper part of the tank, the supply air jets form a clockwise rotational fluid movement, and in the lower part, the WF suction flares form a counterclockwise rotational motion. Thus, these movements at the top and at the bottom of the vessel cancel each other out; there is no general rotational movement and enhanced dissolution.

The second is a complex and ineffective control scheme for the operation of infrared heaters and the work associated with heating electrode boilers. The operation of the infrared heater is controlled by a single-phase voltage-temperature autoregulator and a temperature sensor DT1 [23, FIG. four]. In this figure 4 it is seen that the control output from the temperature sensor DT1 is connected, also, to the thermal relay TP. The DT1 sensor (8) is located in the lower part of the tank at the level of the drain pipe. The liquid heated from the bottom of the tank is heated and pumped from the bottom up by the electrode boiler. Therefore, its temperature in the upper part of the tank will always be higher than its temperature at the bottom of the tank.

The third disadvantage is due to the fact that the infrared bottom heater, the tank itself and the structural diagram of the automatic solution heating control system are not one whole.

-образных труб.The fourth drawback is the excess number

-shaped pipes.

At the same time, ultrasonic technologies are known for dissolving soluble substances, creating suspensions and emulsions [24]. Ultrasound, acting on a substance inside a liquid, accelerates the dissolution of soluble substances by 10-30 times by two orders of magnitude, and slowly soluble by 3-5 times. With ultrasonic dissolution, a simultaneous process of solvation (hydration) and destruction of the crystal lattice is observed. The effectiveness of the process depends on how much the adhesion forces between the ions or molecules of the solute and the solvent are greater than the intermolecular bonds of each of them individually.

The dynamic viscosity of polar liquids decreases, microcracks and pores in the solid branch, their sizes and depth increase, which contributes to the dissolution process in the best form. A typical RAP-01 ultrasonic reactor is well represented in materials [25]. Serial production of UZR in terms of power from 1 to 15 kW, is currently mastered in LLC NPP Ultrasound Theo, Saratov.

2. The closest technical solution (prototype) is a method for producing hot solutions in a cylindrical vertical tank heated mainly from the bottom, for example, for the operation of a sizing machine for weaving [26]. In this analogue, an ultrasonic reactor is used to dissolve the substances and to obtain hot solutions. In the method, the liquid in the container is divided into two parts, one of which is left in the container, and the other part is placed in a stationary pipe parallel to the container from the outside, hydraulically connected to the container by the ends in the lower and upper parts of the container as communicating vessels. This part of the liquid inside the pipe is heated by means of an electrode boiler on the pipe, combining infrared emitters of the bottom and the electrode boiler with a common automatic heating system with a liquid temperature sensor. The inner cavity of the tank above and below the pipes are connected to a flow-through ultrasonic reactor.

At the same time, liquid is circulated together with the soluble substance inside the container by attaching the upper end of the pipe with the electrode boiler to the container tangentially to its inner circumference, and the lower end also tangentially in the opposite direction relative to the upper end so that the suction torch of the lower end coincides with a supply stream of the upper end, while the discharge pipe from the ultrasonic reactor is connected to the tank from above, diametrically opposite to the upper end pipes with an electrode boiler tangentially to the inner circumference of the tank, and the intake pipe of the reactor is connected from the bottom from the bottom, opposite the lower end of the pipe with the electrode boiler, tangentially to the inner circle of the tank so that the suction torch of the intake pipe from below is the same in the direction of the inflow pipe of the discharge pipe from above. The temperature sensor is placed in the lower part of the tank at the level of the drain pipe.

In this technical solution, in addition to elongated along the tank 1 [26, Fig. 1] pipes 2 with an electrode boiler 3 are used and the ultrasonic reactor UZR 10 [26, FIG. four]. The bottom of the tank is heated by an infrared heater, i.e. radiation of ICZ 5 lamps [26, FIG. 1] aimed at its bottom. One part of the liquid with the solute is taken in the lower part of the tank, heated and moved by the electrode boiler 3 through the pipe 2 to the upper part of the tank. Another part of the liquid with the soluble substance is taken in the lower part of the tank into the pipe 7, is subjected to ultrasound in the UZR 10 and is fed to the upper part of the tank through the pipe 6. Moreover, the suction flares VF 2 pipe 2.2 (2) [26, Fig. 3] and WF 7 of the pipe 7 are placed diametrically opposite in the lower part of the tank 1, and the hydraulic forces of absorption create a moment of forces that rotate the liquid in the lower part of the tank clockwise. The same moment of forces that rotates the liquid in the tank clockwise is formed by the supply flares of PS 2 (from pipe 2.1) and PS 6 (from pipe 6) [26, FIG. 2].

Thus, the liquid with the substance is heated in the lower part of the tank 1. At the same time, moving along the pipe 2 and heated by the electrode boiler 3, it enters the upper part of the tank hotter than the liquid below. A layer of hotter liquid forms and grows on top of the tank than below.

At the same time, all the liquid in the container rotates and mixes with the soluble substance. The mixed substance, passing through an ultrasonic reactor, dissolves. This technical solution allows to significantly increase the dissolution rate in comparison with analogues.

The main objectives of the invention (in comparison with the prototype) is to obtain the following technical results.

1. A significant increase in the intensity of the dissolution and cleavage operations during the rotational mixing of the solution.

2. Getting hot solutions in one device.

3. Reasons that hinder the receipt of technical results.

1. Inadequate dissolution of components in a heated fluid.

2. The low heating rate of the solvent liquid.

3. The complexity of the general device (capacity, infrared heater, ultrasonic dissolution system, electrical control circuits for heating the infrared heater and electrode boiler, control circuits for the operation of the electrode boiler). Moreover, these component devices are not a common whole.

4. The use of a single-phase voltage-temperature controller for heating the liquid in the lower part of the tank and the inclusion of an electrode flow-through boiler in its phase.

The first drawback is due to the formation inside the fluid, rotating, in the total mass, clockwise, of a fixed conical funnel with a tapering part down, inside which undissolved solid particles are collected. This is a common result of fluid movement around a circle in a fixed cylindrical tank.

The second disadvantage is due to the fact that only two heating surfaces are used for dissolution in a liquid: a flat bottom surface heated by radiation, and a flat surface electrically heated in an electrode boiler.

The third disadvantage is associated with the design features of individual nodes and circuits, which, in the aggregate, are not a separate general device for implementing the method. For example, an infrared heater (TSC) for heating the bottom of the tank is a separate device, and the tank must be transferred and put on the TSC, when heating the liquid in it, etc.

The fourth drawback is caused by the asymmetric distribution of the phase load in the single-phase voltage-temperature controller. The electric current flowing in the load depends on the total resistance (NP) of the infrared lamps 5 [26, FIG. 1, 5] and resistance in the electrode boiler 3 (EPA) [26, FIG. fifteen]. The same as in the phase Ф ₁ (Fig. 5), in magnitude, the current flows in the neutral phase N. That is, with this electric supply, both the phase Ф ₁ and the neutral N are loaded.

It is additionally known from sources of information that three-phase infrared heaters exist, for example, in the form of rectangles [27]. In this invention in FIG. 1 (9 - three-phase TSC), in FIG. 3 three identical modules 9A, 9B, 9C, in FIG. 2, each module consists of flat parallel conductive buses: 9.2 and 9.3 - neutral and phase, separated by dielectric partitions 9.4. The lower busbars are supported by modules on a horizontal dielectric base 9.1. The entire TSC 9 and its three identical modules 9A, 9B, 9C are rectangular in the plane, FIG. 3. Each module is connected to the power controlled output of the 3-phase ARTT of FIG. 8. The result is a symmetrical, with respect to neutral, phase load and the electric current in the neutral phase is zero.

Additionally, a known method of electrically parallel connection of ICZ lamps in an infrared heater [28]. In this technical solution, both rectangular (in the plane) tires and triangular are justified - FIG. 9.

Additionally, three-phase voltage-temperature autoregulators are also known [29, 27], and their serial production is also known [30]. For example, the three-phase thyristor autoregulator of power TRM 3 is designed and manufactured in ZAO Electrum AV, Orel, 2013.

4. Signs of the prototype, coinciding with the claimed invention.

A method of producing hot solutions in a vertical vessel of rectangular cross-section, the height of which is greater than the transverse dimensions, in which the bottom of the vessel is heated from below by radiation by means of an infrared heater with a voltage-temperature autoregulator and with a temperature sensor, and the liquid, together with the material to be dissolved, is divided into parts , Most of them are left in the tank, one is placed in a pipe with an electrode boiler, bent so that its hydraulic connection with the tank below and above creates rotations e liquid inside the container in one direction clockwise, and the other part of the liquid is pumped through the ultrasonic solution unit and returned to the container so that the direction of rotation of the liquid in the container does not change

5. The objectives of the invention are the following technical results.

5.1. A significant increase in the intensity of the dissolution and cleavage operations during the rotational mixing of the solution.

5.2. Getting hot solutions in one device.

-образные трубы с электродным проточным котлом на каждой, размещая по одной трубе вдоль диагоналей каждой из трех плоских граней и присоединяя трубы сверху и снизу к емкости, как сообщающиеся сосуды, приводя жидкость в емкости во вращательное движение по часовой стрелке при работе электрических проточных котлов, при этом четвертую часть жидкости забирают в ультразвуковой растворный узел снизу емкости в геометрическом центре днища, а возвращают жидкость внутрь емкости из ультразвукового реактора вблизи грани его крепления, образуя приточную струю в направлении вращения жидкости внутри емкости по часовой стрелке.6. These technical results in the inventive method for producing hot solutions in a vertical vessel of rectangular cross-section, the height of which is greater than the transverse dimensions, are achieved by the fact that the vessel is made in a square section with corners rounded in an arc of a circle, the infrared heater is made three-phase from three modules identical in load, as one unit with the container, the ultrasonic solution unit is firmly and motionlessly attached to one of the flat faces of the container, while the three-phase voltage-temperature autoregulator peratura ”is attached similarly to the same face higher than the ultrasonic solution unit, and the liquid in the container is divided into five parts, leaving most of the liquid inside the container, and three are sent in three identical

-shaped pipes with an electrode flow boiler on each, placing one pipe along the diagonals of each of the three flat faces and attaching the pipes above and below to the tank, as communicating vessels, bringing the liquid into the tank in a clockwise rotation during operation of electric flow boilers, in this case, a quarter of the liquid is taken into the ultrasonic solution unit from the bottom of the vessel in the geometric center of the bottom, and the liquid is returned to the vessel from the ultrasonic reactor near the face of its attachment, forming chnuyu fluid jet in the direction of rotation within the container in a clockwise direction.

-образных трубы с электродными проточными котлами. На фиг. 2 показана схема устройства инфракрасного нагревателя в его поперечном сечении А-А под емкостью. На фиг. 3 показано поперечное сечение Б-Б в нижней части емкости, на уровне присоединения нижних концов

-образных труб. На фиг. 4 показано поперечное сечение В-В в верхней части емкости на уровне присоединения верхних концов

-образных труб. На фиг. 5 показана емкость со стороны управляющей плоской грани емкости. На фиг. 6 показано поперечное сечение Г-Г в той части емкости по высоте, на которой расположена горизонтальная труба, отводящая жидкость из ультразвукового реактора внутрь емкости. На фиг. 7 показана схема подключения трехфазного авторегулятора «напряжение-температура» АРНТ и электродных проточных котлов ЭПК, а на фиг. 8 показана электрическая схема подключения электронасоса и ультразвукового реактора.7. The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a general device as a fixed thin-walled container of square cross section with corners rounded along an arc of a circle. It also contains attached

-shaped pipes with electrode flow boilers. In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of an infrared heater device in its cross section AA under a container. In FIG. 3 shows a cross-section BB in the lower part of the tank, at the level of attachment of the lower ends

-shaped pipes. In FIG. 4 shows a cross-section BB in the upper part of the tank at the level of attachment of the upper ends

-shaped pipes. In FIG. 5 shows the container on the side of the control flat face of the container. In FIG. Figure 6 shows the cross-section GG in that part of the vessel in height at which the horizontal pipe is located, which discharges liquid from the ultrasonic reactor into the vessel. In FIG. 7 shows a connection diagram of a three-phase voltage-temperature autoregulator ARNT and electrode flow boilers EPA, and in FIG. 8 shows an electrical circuit for connecting an electric pump and an ultrasonic reactor.

7.1. A device for implementing the proposed method includes the following structural elements.

Letter designations in the drawings and in the text:

ШМ - sizing machine;

G - the liquid level in the tank before starting dissolution;

ZhR - liquid solution;

IKN - three-phase infrared heater;

DT - temperature sensor;

ARNT - voltage-temperature autoregulator;

UZR - an ultrasonic reactor, for example RAP-01;

EN - electric pump;

EPK - electrode flow boiler;

VF - direction of the hydraulic force of the suction torch;

PS - the direction of the hydraulic force of the supply jet;

PS1 - supply stream from the pipe 1.15 (Fig. 4, 5, 6);

A, B, C - phase power supply of a three-phase electric industrial network 380, V;

N is the neutral phase of the network;

A1, B1, C1 - phases from the controlled output of a three-phase ART;

R1 is the same electrical load (resistance) in phases A1, B1, C1 from the modules (a, b, c) of infrared emitters;

a, b, c - designation, respectively, of three identical modules of a three-phase infrared heater (emitter) IKN.

R2 - the same electrical load (resistance) in phases A1, B1, C1 from EPA 1.6;

RB - three-phase switch;

With - the direction of rotation of the liquid in the container clockwise.

1 is a general designation of all elements of the device related to the capacity of a square cross-section, with corners rounded along an arc of a circle, and the height of which is greater than the transverse dimensions (Fig. 1-6).

1.0 is a flat horizontal bottom of the container in the form of a square with rounded corners along a circular arc of radius R (Fig. 2, 3, 4, 6).

1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 are flat vertical faces of the tank.

-образных трубы вваренные концами соответственно в грани 1.2, 1.3 и 1.3 по диагонали, образованной в верхнем и нижнем углах, этих плоских прямоугольных граней (стенок емкости).1.5 - three

-shaped pipes welded with ends respectively in faces 1.2, 1.3 and 1.3 along the diagonal formed in the upper and lower corners of these flat rectangular faces (vessel walls).

1.6 - three identical EPA attached in the middle of the pipes 1.5, the same as in the prototype [26].

-образных трубы на 3-5 см выше них.1.7 (Fig. 1, 3-6) - filler pipe with a valve (not indicated in the drawings), welded into a face 1.3 above the lower ends

-shaped pipes 3-5 cm above them.

-образных трубы на 3-5 см выше них. После приготовления раствора через патрубок 1.8 он сливается в трубную систему наполнения шлихтовального корыта ШМ (смачивающей ванны).1.8 (Fig. 1, 3-6) - drain pipe with a valve (not indicated in the drawings), welded into a face 1.3 above the lower ends

-shaped pipes 3-5 cm above them. After preparation of the solution through the nozzle 1.8, it merges into the tubular filling system for the CM sizing trough (wetting bath).

1.9 (Fig. 2-4, 6) is a through central hole in the bottom 1.0 of the tank, made in the geometric center of the square bottom.

-образная труба с отогнутыми под прямым углом к оси концами. Длина этих концов не одинакова. Коротким - труба 1.10 вварена в отверстие 1.9 в середине днища 1.0, проходит вдоль днища 1.0 в направлении грани 1.4 и выходит из-под днища 1.0, параллельно грани 1.4, вверх, длинным концом 1.11 (фиг. 2, 5, 6), которым труба 1.10 гидравлически присоединена к электрическому насосу ЭН 1.12. ЭН 1.12 прочно и неподвижно прикреплен на грани 1.4, ближе к нижней части емкости, например болтами, винтами или приварен.1.10 (Fig. 2, 5, 6) - metal

-shaped pipe with ends bent at a right angle to the axis. The length of these ends is not the same. Short - the pipe 1.10 is welded into the hole 1.9 in the middle of the bottom 1.0, runs along the bottom 1.0 in the direction of the face 1.4 and leaves from under the bottom 1.0, parallel to the face 1.4, up, with the long end 1.11 (Fig. 2, 5, 6), which the pipe 1.10 is hydraulically connected to the electric pump EN 1.12. EN 1.12 is firmly and motionlessly attached to the edge 1.4, closer to the bottom of the tank, for example with bolts, screws or welded.

1.13 (Fig. 5, 6, 7) - a metal pipe hydraulically connecting the outlet (outlet) of the pump EN 1.12 with the input of the ultrasonic reactor UZR 1.14. UZR 1.14 is firmly and motionlessly attached to the edge 1.4 of the tank from the outside, closer to the bottom of the tank, for example, with bolts, screws or welded.

1.14 (Fig. 5-7) - UZR, reactor type RAP-01. EN 1.12 and reactor 1.14 are installed on the face 1.4 of the tank so that the pipe 1.13 is located horizontally and parallel to the face 1.4.

1.15 (Fig. 5-7) - L-shaped curved metal pipe hydraulically connecting the output of the UZR 1.14 with the internal cavity of the tank. The bent section of pipe 1.15 is welded into face 1.4 perpendicular to face 1.4, flush with the inner surface of this face.

2 (Fig. 1, 2, 5, 6, 8) - the general designation of a three-phase TSC (analogues [27-30]).

2.1 (Fig. 1, 2, 5) - four identical-sized metal corners welded to the bottom of the tank 1.0 with one shelf vertically so that the four other shelves are located in the same horizontal plane and face each other.

Each module (a, b, c) of a three-phase TSC is made in the same way as described in the analogue [28] for rectangular conductive buses:

2.2 and 2.3 (Fig. 1, 2, 5) are two flat, rectangular, electrically conductive buses, one of which is 2.2 phase and the other 2.3 is neutral.

2.4 (Fig. 1, 5) - dielectric partitions between the buses 2.2 and 2.3.

2.5 (Fig. 1, 2, 5) - emitters of directionally focused radiation in the near infrared region (electric lamps of the IKZ model, analogue [10]). They are mounted vertically in the 2.2 and 2.3 tires so that their radiation is directed vertically upward.

2.6 (Fig. 1, 2, 5) - an electrically conductive plate on which neutral buses 2.3 of all three (a, b, c) TSC modules are installed. This plate 2.6 is a common neutral bus or common neutral.

2.7 (Fig. 1, 2, 5) - a dielectric plate (for example, from PCB), on which horizontally placed a common neutral bus 2.6. The opposite (lower) surface of this plate 2.7 lies on the flat surfaces of the horizontal shelves of the corners 2.1 (Fig. 1).

To the phase buses 2.2 of the modules a, b, c IKN, the phases A1, B1, C1 of the power controlled output of the ARNT are electrically connected, respectively (Fig. 2, 5). The common neutral bus 2.6 is electrically connected to the neutral of the power controlled output of the ARNT.

Three-phase ARNT (Fig. 5, 6, 8) is firmly and motionlessly attached to the edge 1.4 of the tank from the outside, closer to the bottom of the tank, to the right, for example, with bolts, screws or welded. The case of the ARNT is grounded (not indicated in the drawings).

Bottom, to the ARNT (Fig. 5, 6) phase and neutral wires A1, B1, C1 and N c of the power controlled output of the ARNT are electrically connected. The temperature sensor DT - thermocouple is electrically connected to the control input of the ARNT. Above, to the ARNT (Fig. 5, 6), through a four-pole switch (circuit breaker - RB), the phase and neutral wires A1, B1, C1 and N are electrically connected from the power controlled output of the ARNT (Fig. 5, 6).

-образных труб 1.5.The temperature sensor DT, for example a thermocouple, is electrically connected to the control input of the ARNT. DT placed face 1.4 at the level (height) of the suction ends (lower ends)

-shaped pipes 1.5.

A square, in cross-section, capacity is made with rounded edges in a circular arc of radius R. The radius R is 20 mm larger than the radius of the bulb of ICZ lamps. For IKZ-500 lamps, the bulb diameter is 134 mm and the radius is 67 mm. When using IKZ-500 lamps in an IKN, the radius R of the curves in the corners of the tank is 87 mm.

For IKZ-250 lamps, ∅ = 126 mm, r = 63 mm, rounding should be at least R = 83 mm.

For IKZ-175 lamps, ∅ = 112 mm, r = 56 mm, radius R of curvature = 76 mm.

The rounded edges of a square container in the cross section reduce the resistance to rotational movement of the liquid by 2–3 times, and the square cross section provides a symmetrical arrangement of the hole 1.9 in the center of the bottom 1.0 of the container.

Temperature sensor - thermocouple DT (Fig. 5) is tightly and motionlessly attached to the outer surface of the face 1.4, for example, glued.

-образными трубами 1.5, оснащенными идентичными ЭПК 1.6, трехфазный АРНТ с рубильником РБ, трехмодульный (трехфазный) ИКН с идентичными модулями a, b, c 2 и ультразвуковой растворный узел (ЭН 1.12 и УЗР 1.14) представляют собой одно устройство для получения горячих растворов.Thus, a square cross-sectional tank 1, with a height greater than the transverse dimensions, with three

-shaped pipes 1.5 equipped with identical EPK 1.6, three-phase ARNT with circuit breaker RB, three-module (three-phase) ICH with identical modules a, b, c 2 and ultrasonic solution unit (EN 1.12 and UZR 1.14) are one device for producing hot solutions.

-образными трубами - дополнительно подогревают жидкость, прокачивают ее внутри емкости снизу вверх В и перемешивают жидкость по всей высоте емкости, образуя мощный жидкий вращающийся, по часовой стрелке, поток. Четвертая грань призмы осуществляет непрерывное расщепление растворяемых частиц ультразвуком, обеспечивает контроль процесса и с помощью трубы 1.15 (фиг. 5, 6) создает дополнительную приточную струю ПС1 в направлении вращения жидкости, т.е. по часовой стрелке. Здесь следует отметить, что при одном и том же давлении внутри труб 1.5, мощность всасывающего факела ВФ всегда меньше, чем мощность приточной струи ПС. Поэтому, дополнительная ПС1 расположена (по высоте) вблизи всасывающих отверстий

-образных труб и ПС1 существенно усиливает закручивающее воздействие ВФ от труб.In this device (tetrahedral, rectangular, hollow prism with a bottom) - the bottom performs the functions of a fluid heater. Three facets with

-shaped pipes - additionally heat the liquid, pump it inside the tank from the bottom up B and mix the liquid over the entire height of the tank, forming a powerful fluid clockwise rotating stream. The fourth facet of the prism carries out continuous splitting of soluble particles by ultrasound, provides process control and, using the 1.15 pipe (Fig. 5, 6), creates an additional supply jet PS1 in the direction of rotation of the liquid, i.e. clockwise. It should be noted here that at the same pressure inside the pipes 1.5, the power of the suction jet of the WF is always less than the power of the supply jet PS. Therefore, additional PS1 is located (in height) near the suction openings

-shaped pipes and PS1 significantly enhances the twisting effect of the WF from the pipes.

7.2. A device for implementing the proposed method works as follows.

Before starting the preparation of a hot liquid solution (LR), the filler pipe 1.7 is connected to a fluid source, for example, to a pressure pipe (not shown in the drawings), and the valve of the pipe 1.7 is opened. In this case, a liquid, for example water, fills the internal cavity of the container 1 through this pipe 1.7 (Fig. 1). In the process of filling the tank, the soluble substance in the right amount is poured (introduced) into the liquid. After that, a working electric power supply of 220 V is supplied to EN 1.12 and to UZR 1.14. An electric pump 1.12 through pipes 1.10 and 1.11 continuously draws liquid with a soluble substance from the central hole 1.9 (Fig. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8) and, through pipe 1.13, is sent to the ultrasonic reactor 1.14. In it there is a continuous ultrasonic treatment of the incoming composition and, in part, the composition turns into a solution. This composition, together with the solution, is continuously fed through the pipe 1.15 (Fig. 5, 6) into the tank in the form of a supply jet PS1.

-образных труб) начинается процесс растворения и формирования приточной струи ПС1.Thus, immediately after switching on the electric power supply and the ultrasonic protection system (before filling the tank to level G, above the upper ends

-shaped pipes) the process of dissolution and formation of the supply jet PS1 begins.

-образным трубам 1.5, дополнительно нагревая ее. До заполнения емкости до уровня Ж, жидкий состав вытекает из верхних концов

-образных труб внутрь емкости. Нижние концы этих труб непрерывно всасывают жидкость из емкости, образуя три всасывающих факела ВФ на входе с векторами гидравлических сил ВФ (фиг. 3), которые (все вместе, в геометрической сумме) образуют поток жидкости в нижней части емкости, вращающийся по направлению часовой стрелки С (фиг. 3, 4, 6). Вектор тяги струи ПС1 расположен по высоте (фиг. 5, 6) приблизительно на том же уровне, что и ВФ, и направлен в том же направлении, что движение потока жидкости. Поэтом, движение жидкости в этой области - равноускоренное.Immediately, after turning on the power supply 1.12 and UZR 1.14, the ARNT is connected to the industrial three-phase network 380 V, phases A, B, C and N (Fig. 7). Set the desired temperature of the solution, for example, 95 ° C, include ARNT and RB in the work (Fig. 5, 7). In this case, three TSC modules (a, b, c) and three identical EPAs 1.6 are included in the work. Infrared emitters 2.5 (Fig. 2) in each module heat the bottom 1.0 of the tank 1 from the bottom from the outside. At the same time, three electrode flow-through boilers 1.6 operate, pumping liquid from the bottom of the tank (from the bottom 1.0) up to

-shaped pipes 1.5, additionally heating it. Before filling the tank to level G, the liquid composition flows from the upper ends

-shaped pipes inside the tank. The lower ends of these pipes continuously absorb liquid from the tank, forming three WF suction flames at the inlet with the WF hydraulic forces vectors (Fig. 3), which (collectively, in geometric sum) form a fluid flow in the lower part of the tank, rotating clockwise C (Fig. 3, 4, 6). The thrust vector of the jet PS1 is located in height (Fig. 5, 6) at approximately the same level as the WF, and is directed in the same direction as the movement of the fluid flow. Therefore, the movement of fluid in this area is uniformly accelerated.

With the passage of each EPA 1.6, the liquid composition (with the solution) is additionally subjected to vibrational influences (with a frequency of 50 Hz) from the side of the actuator, which contributes to the additional dissolution of the substance in the liquid composition.

Thus, in the process of filling the tank with liquid, it rotates clockwise inside the tank, heats up from the bottom and in the electrode flow boilers. A soluble substance (for example, based on starch) dissolves in the process of moving layers (streams) of liquid in a circle, dissolves in an ultrasonic reactor UZR, dissolves in three electrode flow boilers EPA.

-образных трубах 1.5. В данном предлагаемом изобретении процесс растворения осуществляется практически одновременно с заполнением емкости жидкостью.The ultrasonic solution unit EN 1.12 and UZR 1.14 include immediately after the start of filling the tank with liquid. ARNT and circuit breaker RB include immediately after filling the lower holes in the liquid

-shaped pipes 1.5. In this proposed invention, the dissolution process is carried out almost simultaneously with the filling of the container with liquid.

-образных трубах 1.5 вентиль наливного патрубка 1.7 перекрывают, а сливной патрубок 1.8 подключают гидравлически к системе слива. Например, к шлихтовальному корыту (к смачивающей ванне) ШМ [1]. Это занимает 2-3 мин. Все это время, в полностью заполненной емкости происходит (за счет вращения жидкости) тщательное перемешивание всех слоев и струй в жидкости. Поэтому через 3 мин после заполнения емкости до уровня Ж, отключают ЭН 1.12 и УЗР 1.14, а также рубильник РБ, отключая ЭПК 1.6. Открывают вентиль сливного патрубка 1.18 и подают горячий раствор по назначению.When the liquid in the tank reaches level Zh above the upper (outlet) openings in

-shaped pipes 1.5, the valve of the filler pipe 1.7 is closed, and the drain pipe 1.8 is connected hydraulically to the drain system. For example, to a sizing trough (to a wetting bath) of CMM [1]. It takes 2-3 minutes. All this time, in a completely filled container, (due to the rotation of the liquid), thorough mixing of all layers and jets in the liquid occurs. Therefore, 3 minutes after filling the tank to level Ж, turn off the power supply 1.12 and UZR 1.14, as well as the circuit breaker of the Republic of Belarus, turning off the EPK 1.6. Open the drain valve 1.18 and supply the hot solution as directed.

7.3. The technical results of the invention are achieved as follows.

7.3.1. A significant increase in the intensity of the dissolution and cleavage operations during the rotary mixing of the solution is provided in SLM 1.14 with an ultrasound frequency and, simultaneously, in three EPK 1.6 with a frequency of 50 Hz. It should be borne in mind that the beginning of dissolution, in essence, is the beginning of pouring liquid into the container. Three electrode boilers create three times more powerful rotational flow inside the tank than in the prototype.

It is important that in this method the liquid is taken from the tank into the water discharge reservoir in the central hole 1.9 of the bottom 1.0 of the tank and sediment of undissolved material along the central axis of the tank is not collected when the fluid rotates clockwise inside the tank C. For example. To a tank with a size of 1 × 1 × 1.5 m and a volume of 1.5 m ^{3 are} connected an ICI of three identical modules of 4 kW each and three EPKs of 1.5 kW each. The total electric power is 12 + 3 = 15 kW. From the beginning of pouring water into the tank to the discharge of the finished hot dressing with a temperature of 95 ° C, 18 minutes or 0.3 hours pass. The power consumption during this time is 15 * 0.3 = 4.5 kWh. That is, the preparation of 1.5 tons of a dressing solution with a temperature of 95 ° C requires 18 minutes of time and 4.5 kWh of electrical energy. In conventional production [1], this takes more than 1.5 hours, 12 kWh of electricity for mixing, and more than 120 kWh of thermal energy of steam to heat the tank.

7.3.2. Obtaining hot solutions in one device is due to the combination of the stated and claimed new operations.

8. Sources of information

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3. A.S. No. 220744 cells F26B 5/02, 1952.

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Claims (1)

A method of producing hot solutions in a vertical vessel of rectangular cross-section, the height of which is greater than the transverse dimensions, in which the bottom of the vessel is heated from below by radiation by means of an infrared heater with a voltage-temperature autoregulator and with a temperature sensor, and the liquid, together with the material to be dissolved, is divided into parts , most of them are left in the tank, one is placed in a pipe with an electrode boiler, bent so that its hydraulic connection with the tank below and above creates rotation e liquid inside the container in one direction clockwise, and the other part of the fluid is pumped through the ultrasonic solution unit and returned to the container so that the direction of rotation of the liquid in the container does not change, characterized in that the container is made in square cross-section with angles rounded in a circular arc , the infrared heater is made three-phase of three modules identical in load as one unit with the capacity, the ultrasonic solution unit is firmly and motionlessly attached to one flat face of the container next to the car with a voltage-temperature regulator, while the three-phase voltage-temperature autoregulator is attached similarly to the same face next to the ultrasonic solution unit, and the liquid in the container is divided into five parts, leaving most of the liquid inside the container, and three are sent in three identical [- shaped pipes with an electrode flow boiler on each, placing one pipe along the three diagonals of each of the three flat faces and attaching the pipes above and below to the tank as communicating vessels, while I take a quarter of the liquid t into the ultrasonic solution unit from the bottom of the tank in the geometric center of the bottom, and return the liquid into the tank from the ultrasonic reactor near the face of its attachment, forming a supply stream in the direction of rotation of the liquid inside the tank clockwise.

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