RU2608101C1 - Method of forming short combined filled stem of blast holes with spacer cone and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to drilling and blasting operations and can be used in various industries using explosive loosening rocky massifs of rocks. Method of forming a short combined filled stem of blast holes with a spacer cone involves formation of the lower filled part from inert fine materials, the middle part of the spacer cone and the upper combined part from a mixture of a fine and a coarse materials. Stem is formed in layers by a stemming machine, herewith first into the well a polypropylene jacket is lowered to a depth providing a specified height of the air gap between the charge of explosive and the stem. By feeding a fine material from the rear hopper into the polypropylene jacket formed is the lower filled part of a specified height. Spacer cone is suspended above it, onto which from the rear hopper the fine material is filled to the middle of the spacer cone. Filled simultaneously from the rear and the front hoppers are the fine material and elements of the coarse material sized 0.2–0.6 of the well diameter til complete formation of the combined stem with a height of up to 10 well diameters. In the stemming machine equipped with a hydraulic grab-manipulator and two hoppers with heating and vibration of walls, onto the bottoms of which there are plate-type feeders discharging the stemming material, the fine and the coarse materials are arranged in different hoppers and are dispensed onto a common rotary chute hinged in the lower part of the hoppers. Spacer cones are arranged on a hinged platform in the rear part of the stemming machine frame and are lowered into the explosive well by the grab-manipulator.

EFFECT: invention provides higher efficiency and reduced labour intensiveness of the works.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of drilling and blasting and can be used in various industries using explosive cultivation of rock massifs of rocks.

It is known that the best crushing of rocks by explosion is ensured by the use of shortened stemming with an air gap above the charge / 1 /. Shortened shutdowns increase the zone of controlled crushing, reduce the oversize yield, but should have increased resistance to ejection by the pressure of the explosion gases - lock them up to the moment of destruction of the rock mass near the wellhead, therefore they are performed combined by placing various jamming elements in combination with the filling part / 2 /.

A device is known for locking explosion products in a charging cavity of a well in the form of a combined fill-in blocking of blasting holes with elements of stone material, including a lower fill-in part from inert bulk materials above the air gap and an upper combined part, in which the upper combined part of the stemming is divided into two sections: lower a length of up to three well diameters, filled with elements of stone material measuring 0.2-0.6 well diameters, interspersed with an inert bulk material m fineness of less than 5 mm, and the upper one, filled to the top of the well with the same inert bulk material / 3 /.

Blocks of this design either do not crash at all, or they are ejected 120-160 ms after the departure of ordinary filling muds of the same length; This ensures a long duration of locking the detonation products in the charging cavity. However, when forming such blockages, the stones have to be dropped one at a time and with large diameters of the wells at a length of 10 diameters (2.5 m for 250 mm wells), the stones acquire a high speed and can damage the conductor of the initiating pulse.

Also known is the combined backfill of the wells, including the upper and lower parts separated by a polystyrene foam buffer gap, the lower part being a backfill of inert bulk materials over the air gap, and the upper part of the stemming made in the form of a spacer cone 2-3 mm long, for example , of concrete, installed with the sharp end up on the buffer gap, large crushed stone is placed between the cone and the walls of the well, and then inert material is put up to the top of the well / 4 /. However, spacer cones for large diameter wells have a mass of several tens of kilograms; they are lowered into the wells manually and require a lot of labor.

Known 3C-1M breakdown machine (found 2015.03.02 on the Internet: http://zavmash.ru/), made on the basis of a truck and designed to transport breakdown material (sand, gravel, waste from processing plants up to 10 mm in size) to charged wells and mechanized stemming of vertical and deviated wells in open cast mining. The machine is equipped with a bunker for bottom hole material, and the borehole is drilled using a rotary estrus pivotally mounted at the bottom of the bunker. The disadvantage of this device is that finely divided and coarse stone material is loaded into a single hopper, where they are stratified in height, and the uniform distribution of fractions of the bottom hole material entering the well does not occur.

The closest technical solution in essence is the 3C-2M break-in machine (found 2015.03.02 on the Internet: http://zavmash.ru/), made on the basis of a truck and intended for transporting the bottom-hole material to charged wells and mechanized stemming of vertical and inclined wells in open cast mining. The machine is equipped with two bins for various fractions of the stemming material, the loading of which is carried out by a hydraulic grab-manipulator mounted on the chassis of the car. The well is jammed using rotary leaks pivotally mounted at the bottom of each hopper. The disadvantage of this device is the need for bottom hole to move back and forth for layer-by-layer delivery of the appropriate fraction of the bottom hole material.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is to increase productivity and reduce the complexity of work when forming a short combined fill-in stalling of wells with a spacer cone by mechanizing the process of placing loose and stone material and lowering the spacer cone into the well from one machine installation.

The problem is achieved in that in the method of forming a short combined fill-up face of blasting holes with a spacer cone, comprising forming a bottom fill-up part from inert fine materials, a middle part from a spacer cone with crushed stone and an upper combined part from a mixture of finely divided and stone material, according to the invention, the stemming is formed layer-by-layer by the face-drilling machine, while at first the polypropylene cover is lowered into the well to a depth that provides a given air height of the gap between the explosive charge and the stemming, then the lower filling part of the stemming of a given height is formed by feeding finely dispersed material from the rear hopper into the polypropylene cover, after which a spacer cone is suspended above which finely dispersed material is filled from the rear hopper to its middle, then from the front hopper elements of stone material are filled up to wedge the expansion cone into the walls of the well, then finely dispersed material and elements are simultaneously filled from the back and front bins stone material with a size of 0.2-0.6 diameter of the well to the complete formation of combined stemming with a height of up to 10 well diameters.

The task is also achieved by the fact that in the face-breaking machine for forming a short combined fill-up face of blasting holes with a spacer cone, equipped with a hydraulic grab-manipulator and two bunkers with heating and wall vibration, on the bottoms of which plate feeders are installed that produce the drilling material according to the invention, finely dispersed and coarse materials placed in different bins give out to a common rotary estrus, articulated at the bottom of the bins, and spacers cones placed on the hinged at the rear of the machine frame zaboechnoy platform and lowered into the blasting hole grapple-arm.

In FIG. 1 shows a graph of the dependence of the mass of the spacer cone on the diameter of its base; in FIG. 2 schematically depicts the process of lowering the stemming hole into the well; in FIG. 3 - view A; in FIG. 4 schematically shows a short combined backfill of blast holes with a spacer cone; in FIG. 5 shows a complete set of spacer for transportation to an explosive block; in FIG. 6 - a breakdown machine in a transport position; in FIG. 7 - the breaker in the working position.

A short combined backfill of blasting holes with a spacer cone is located in well 1 inside a polypropylene sleeve 2 with a closed lower end, which creates an air gap 3 of a given height between the explosive charge 4 with the gun 5 and the bottom backfill of the backfill 6. The bottom backfill of the backfill 6 is made of inert finely dispersed bulk material with a particle size of up to 0.2 diameter of the well, a spacer cone 7 is placed above it, on which finely dispersed material 8 is poured to its middle, then, to the top of the well 1, chalk is poured odispersny material 8 with elements 9 stone material size 0.2-0.6 hole diameters.

The jamming machine is made on the basis of truck 10 and is equipped with a front hopper 11 for pieces of rock with a size of 0.2-0.6 diameter of the well and a rear hopper 12 for bulk material with a grain size of up to 0.2 diameter of the well. The bucket 13 of the hydraulic grab-manipulator 14, located on the chassis of the vehicle 10, serves to feed on the grate screens 15 and 16, mounted above the rear hopper 12, the bottom hole material. Heating and vibration of the walls of the bunkers in a known manner exclude the possibility of sticking on the walls and freezing in the bins of the casing material.

The grate grids on the screens 15 and 16 are interchangeable and installed on the frames included in the grooves on the screen frame, which allows not only changing them as they wear, but also when setting the blast hole diameters, installing grids with the corresponding hole sizes.

The bins 11 and 12 are designed to provide alternating or simultaneous supply of fractions of the bottom hole material into the well. The separation wall 17 between the bins 11 and 12 is installed vertically, and the extreme walls 18 and 19 are inclined at an angle of repose of disconnected materials. To ensure good cleaning of the bins 11 and 12 from adhering materials, rubber sheets (not shown) are fixed on the walls, vibrating when the exhaust gases of the car engine are fed into the gap between them and the walls. At negative temperatures, the walls of the bunker are also heated by exhaust gases.

Containers 20 with spacer cones 7 are placed on a platform 22 pivotally mounted in the rear part of the frame 21 of the blocker and are lowered into the blast hole 1 by the grapple manipulator 14.

The method of forming a short filling combined stemming of blast holes with a spacer cone is as follows.

First, the block is charged: charges 4 with fighters 5 are placed in the wells 1, explosive impulse initiators 27 are brought up and the polypropylene sleeves 2 with the closed lower end are lowered, creating air gaps 3 of a given size.

At this time, the breakdown machine is loaded with breakdown material - sand, gravel, waste from processing plants, fragmented overburden, etc. - captured by a hydraulic grab-manipulator 14 mounted on the chassis of the vehicle 10 and fed to the grate screen 15 mounted above the rear hopper 12, excess material that has not passed through the holes of the screen 15 is poured to the ground, and the lower class falls onto the lower tier of the grate screen 16 Large stones with a particle size of 0.2-0.6 borehole diameter are poured into the front bunker 11, and fine granular material with a particle size of up to 0.2 borehole diameter falls into the rear bunker 12.

To deliver the expansion cones 7 to the block to the rear of the frame 21 of the collapsing machine, a truck 23 clings loaded with containers 20 with expansion cones 7. Cords 24 are fixed in the upper part of the expansion cones 7, providing a given depth of immersion of the expansion cone 7 in the well 1. To another the end of the cord 24 is attached to the handle 25, which is placed on the wellhead 1 and limits the immersion depth of the spacer cone 7. Before installation in the containers 20, the cord 24 is wound on the spacer cone 7 from the bottom up, and the handle 25 is fixed to a wire ring 26 is put on top of the spacer cone 7.

Upon arrival at the block with charged wells 1, the breaker stops at the edge of the block, the trolley 23 detaches and part of the containers 20 with spacer cones 7 are reloaded with a hydraulic grab manipulator 14 for the slings 28 onto a special platform 22 of the breaker.

Then the breakdown machine leaves the block and is installed at the first well of the row. At the bottom of the bunkers 11 and 12, scraper feeders (not shown) are installed, which supply the drilling material to a common rotary estrus 28, pivotally mounted in the lower part of the bunkers 11 and 12. The lower filling part of the stemming device is 6 high, for example, 1.0-1.5 diameters wells, formed by feeding from the rear hopper 12 into the polypropylene cover 2 finely divided material. After that, an expansion cone 7 is suspended above it, for which the worker puts on the hook 29 fixed on the jaw of the bucket 13, the loop 30 of the sling 31, removes the handle 25 from the spacer cone 7 and grabs it with a two-horned hook 32 located in the lower part of the sling 31. Two-horned the hook 32 captures the handle 25 in its middle part so that the cord 24 is located between the horns of the two-horned hook 32, which ensures that the handle 25 is laid horizontally on the wellhead 1. When lifting the hydraulic grab-manipulator 14 of the handle 25, the turns of the cord 24 are removed from the spacer cone 7. The hydraulic grab-manipulator 14 lifts the expansion cone 7 from the container 20 and lowers it into the well 1, and the length of the cord 24 is designed so that when laying the handle 25 across the mouth of the well 1 between the base of the spacer cone 7 and the lower filling part of the stemming hole 6 from a finely dispersed material a small gap is formed, which ensures the coaxial location of the spacer cone 7 in the well 1. Then the two-horn hook 32 detaches Separating from the handle 25 and the bucket 13 with a sling 31 are discharged from the well 1. To prevent the skew of the spacer cone 7 relative to the well 1, fine material 8 is poured from the rear hopper 12 to the middle of the spacer cone 7, then elements of stone material 9 are poured from the front hopper 11 for wedging spacer cone 7 into the walls of the well 1. Next, finely dispersed material and elements of stone material measuring 0.2-0.6 diameter of the well are filled up simultaneously from the front 11 and rear 12 bins until the combined formation is complete stemming up to 10 well diameters.

After detonation of the explosive charge 4 in the charging cavity, the pressure of the detonation products sharply rises to several tens of thousands of atmospheres and there is a blow of gases on the bottom part 6 of the bottomhole, substantially mitigated by the air gap 3. The lower filling part 6 of the bottomhole, which started moving, acts on the base of the expansion cone 7, which, moving upward, interacts with the proppant elements of the stone material 9, which in this case can break down to medium-sized stones, those, in turn, turn into smaller crushed stone. The process is spasmodic in nature and arises and develops in each layer along the height of the spacer cone 7 again, which, on the whole, significantly increases the time required to eject the clog.

Providing long-term isolation of the charging cavity, the stemming contributes to a more complete course of secondary reactions in detonation products and, accordingly, increases the explosion energy; this is especially important for modern emulsion explosives and coarse explosives such as granulites and grammonites, in which a significant proportion of the energy is released during secondary reactions.

Thus, the inventive method of forming a short combined backfill of wells with a spacer cone and a device for its implementation in the form of a breakdown machine, equipped with a hopper for fine materials and a hopper for coarse materials, on the bottoms of which plate feeders are installed that deliver the stemming material to a common estrus, and also a device for mechanizing the installation of the spacer cone in the well, can increase productivity and reduce the complexity of the work during the formation of short Combined Charging second tamping wells with the expander cone, which allows to solve the technical problem.

Information sources

1. The effect of stemming on the degree of crushing of rocks by an explosion / G.P. Demidyuk, V.D. Rossi, N.F. Andrianov, V.A. Usachev // Sat. Blasting business No. 53/10. M .: Nedra, 1963 .-- S. 96-105.

2. Yakovenko A.I. Calculation of borehole charges in quarries // Sat. Blasting business No. 51/8. M .: Nedra, 1963 .-- S. 108-120.

3. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2526950, IPC F42D 1/08. 2014.

4. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2462688, IPC F42D 1/08. 2012.

Claims (2)

1. The method of forming a short combined backfill blasting holes with a spacer cone, including the formation of the bottom sprinkler from inert finely divided materials, the middle part from the spacer cone with crushed stone and the upper combined part from a mixture of finely divided and coarse material, characterized in that the clog is formed in layers the machine, while first the polypropylene cover is lowered into the well to a depth that provides a given height of the air gap between the explosive charge and by clogging, then the lower filling part of the clogging of a given height is formed by feeding finely dispersed material from the rear hopper into the polypropylene cover, after which a spacer cone is suspended over it, from which the finely dispersed material is filled from the rear hopper to the middle of it, then elements of coarse material are filled from the front hopper for wedging fine cone into the wall of the well, then finely dispersed material and elements of coarse material p are poured simultaneously from the rear and front bins zmerom 0.2-0.6 borehole diameter to complete formation of stemming a combined height of 10 well diameters. 2. A jamming machine for forming a short combined backfill of blasting holes with a spacer cone, equipped with a hydraulic grab-manipulator and two bunkers with heating and wall vibration, on the bottoms of which plate feeders are installed that produce clogging material, characterized in that finely dispersed and coarse material in different bins, made with the possibility of the release of fine and coarse material on a common rotary estrus, pivotally mounted in the lower part five bunkers, and the expander cone placed on the hinged at the rear of the machine frame zaboechnoy platform and lowered into the blasting hole grapple-arm.

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