RU2606891C1 - Energy-efficient heated building with greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction and operation of buildings. Design of an energy-efficient heated building with a greenhouse comprises a water boiler, a system of heat recovery of exhaust vent air and flue gases from the water boiler including a gas-air mixer, channels of heat exchange of the building gas-air emissions located in the insulation layer of the external building cladding, heat-inertial space under the building with a condensate line, gas control valves controlling inflow of the external air, drawing of gas emissions from premises of the buildings, the number of working channels of heat exchange of the building gas-air emissions. It also has a structure for transporting gas-air emissions by mechanical enforcement from the heat-inertial space under the building into the greenhouse including an exhaust channel of gas-air emissions, an underground air duct and a channel for gas-air emissions feeding into the greenhouse, as well as fans for mechanical enforcement of the exhaust air movement depending upon the weather and the outside air flow rate to provide for stationary existence of the turbulent flow core of the building gas-air emissions in the heat exchange channels of the building gas-air emissions. Heat exchange channels of the building gas-air emissions are located in the insulation layer of the external building cladding at a distance, which, on one hand, prevents them from freezing without passing the flow of gas-air emissions through them at allowable room temperature in the building premises under the coldest five working days of the heating period and, on the other hand, provides the maximum possible efficiency of the heat recovery system in the building.

EFFECT: invention increases power and biochemical efficiency of recycling gas-air emissions of a building, reliability and automation of the structure during the heating period.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of construction and operation of buildings.

From the existing level of technology is known the design of an energy-saving heated building RU 2432435 C2, publ. 2011.10.27, in which during the heating period the supply air through a thin wall of the chimney is heated by the heat of the flue gases of the building's boiler; part of the air emissions (not exfiltrated exhaust ventilation air), heated through the thin wall of the flue gas exhaust duct, through the duct system located in the insulation layer of the building fencing, the exhaust ventilation air gives off heat, replacing part of the transmission losses of the building, and then through the supply of air emissions as the oxidant influx into the combustion chamber of the boiler along with the flue gases is removed outside the building.

The disadvantages of this technical solution are the technological complexity (or high cost) of ensuring the reliability of the tightness of a thin wall between flue gases and supply ventilation air; the need to ensure a high level of air exfiltration through translucent openings and entrance groups of the building to support air comfort standards in the building; additional waste of thermal energy for heating gas emissions when passing through the smoke exhaust system of a boiler; lack of safety standards for gas emissions through the air ducts in the insulation layer of the building fencing; the inability to use gas emissions and flue gases after their recovery in the ducts of the insulation layer of the building fencing.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is the design of an energy-efficient heated building RU 2487223 C1, publ. 2013.07.10, in which during the heating period the supply air through a thin wall, heating up from the heat of the flue gases of the building's boiler, enters the premises of the building; air emissions (exhaust ventilation air), mixing with flue gases in a gas mixer, entering the system of pressurized ducts located in the insulation layer of the building fencing, give part of their thermal energy in order to replace part of the transmission losses of the building, and then through an expansion tank equipped the condensate collection system, which can be formed during cooling of the building's gas-air emissions during their passage through the air ducts of the insulation layer of the building envelope, is removed for Dela building at the building base, as well as through the adjusting damper may be fed into fuel burning boiler apparatus.

The disadvantages of this technical solution are the technological complexity (or high cost) of ensuring the reliability of the tightness of a thin wall between flue gases and supply ventilation air; lack of safety standards for gas emissions through the air ducts in the insulation layer of the building fencing; the inability to use gas emissions and flue gases after their recovery in the ducts of the insulation layer of the building fencing.

The task to be solved by the claimed invention is directed is: improving the quality and convenience of supplying the norms of supply air; regulation of the flow of gas emissions through the ducts in the insulation layer of the building fencing outside, self-oscillating in nature, dangerous zones of the transition of the flow from the turbulent state to the laminar state and vice versa; reuse of gas emissions and flue gases as a fruitful gas medium for intensive cultivation of greenhouse plants; automation of ventilation structures and recovery of gas-air emissions from the building; lower operating costs; increasing energy efficiency of utilization of gas-air emissions when the groundwater level is high; unification of underground engineering networks, reducing the cost of their installation and operation.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the claimed energy-efficient heated building with a greenhouse: includes heat exchange channels for gas-air emissions of the building, which should be located in the insulation layer of the building's outer fence at a distance that, on the one hand, should ensure that they do not freeze without passing through them the flow of gas and air emissions at an acceptable room temperature in the premises of the building in the conditions of the coldest five-day heating period and, on the other hand, ensure the maximum POSSIBILITY efficiency of the heat recovery system of the building-gas emissions;

- the influx of outdoor air, exhaust gas emissions from the premises of the building, the number of working heat exchange channels for gas-air emissions of the building, located in the insulation layer of the building's outer fence, is controlled by ventilation dampers and the performance of fans to mechanically stimulate the movement of exhaust air depending on the weather and the flow of outdoor air to ensure a stationary existence only the turbulent core of the building's gas-air emissions flow in the heat-exchange channels of gas-air samples building wasps located in the insulation layer of the building's outer fence;

- gas-air emissions of the building, as a fruitful gas environment for intensive plant cultivation, are fed into the greenhouse from the heat-inertia space under the building through an underground pipeline with mechanical stimulation of movement by a fan;

- ventilation flaps of outdoor air intake, exhaust gas emissions from the building premises, heat-exchange channels of building gas-air emissions located in the insulation layer of the building's outer fence and device for adjusting the fan performance of mechanical stimulation of the movement of exhaust air and building gas-air emissions, with the possibility of automated control of the amount of outdoor air flow to the premises of the building, the number of open heat exchange channels for gas-air emissions of the building, ra laid in a layer of insulation outer fence of the building, it can be combined with the control system dynamics of the number of people and control access to the premises of the building;

- the underground pipeline for supplying gas-air emissions from the building to the greenhouse may contain a layer of thermal insulation;

- the underground pipeline for supplying gas-air emissions from the building outside the settlement may be combined with storm sewers.

The technical result provided by the given set of features is:

- providing the possibility of recuperation of gas-air emissions in the conditions of the coldest five-day heating season;

- improving the reliability of the heat recovery system for gas-air emissions in heat transfer channels located in the insulation layer of the building's outer fence, due to the fact that the gas-air stream is a turbulent core stream without self-oscillating artifacts that may appear in areas with high aerodynamic drag at the transition air-gas emissions from laminar to turbulent and vice versa;

- increase of energy and biochemical efficiency of utilization of gas-air emissions;

- increasing the level of automation, reducing operating costs of the ventilation system and the recovery of the building;

- increasing the energy efficiency of utilization of gas-air emissions when the level of groundwater is high;

- unification of underground engineering networks, reducing the cost of their installation and operation.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, the legend on which is given according to "Conventional graphic symbols in projects of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and heat and cold", STO NP ABOK 1.05-2006, publ. March 2006, 2014.

In FIG. 1 - Schematic diagram of a system for recovering gas-air emissions from an energy-efficient heated building with a greenhouse, as well as section AA.

In FIG. 2 - Section AA. Schematic diagram of the influx of outdoor air into the premises of an energy-efficient heated building with a greenhouse.

Air exhaust recovery design

The energy-efficient heated building with a greenhouse of FIG. 1 consists of two heat exchange circuits and a structure for transporting gas-air emissions of a building into a greenhouse and (or) outside the village.

The first heat transfer circuit includes:

hot water boiler (1); the feed channel from the boiler flue gas boiler (2) with a ventilation flap (3); a spare flue gas removal channel of the boiler outside the building (4) with a ventilation flap (5); gas-air mixer (6) mixing flue gases to the exhaust air flow through a system of through holes in the separation pipe (7); supply channels to the gas-air mixer of exhaust ventilation air from the premises of the building (8), where each exhaust ventilation duct is equipped with a fire-retardant valve (9), in order to avoid the possibility of overturning ventilation, a non-return valve (10), a muffler (11), a ventilation damper (12), which can be equipped with an electric drive, the control of which can be automated, and can also be combined with a system for controlling the dynamics of the number of people and access control in the premises of the building; each inlet opening of the exhaust ventilation air of the gas-air mixer is equipped with a fan (13), the performance control of which can be automated, as well as can be combined with a system for controlling the dynamics of the number of people and access control to the premises of the building, the fan is also equipped with a muffler and a ventilation damper; ventilation flaps (14) for supplying gas-air emissions from the gas-air mixer to the heat-exchange channels of gas-air emissions of the building located in the insulation layer of the building's external fence; a spare gas pipe (15) with a ventilation flap (16), a heat-insulating plug (17) equipped with a mechanical flap to remove, if necessary, plugs into a specially equipped niche (18) and an exhaust fan (19).

It should be noted that condensate that may occur during the heating season in a gas-air mixer (6) is removed by gravity to the hot exhaust gas supply channel (2) and then through the air-gas supply channel (28) it enters the heat-inert space under the building (24).

The second heat exchange circuit includes:

roofing air ducts (20), with a sufficient slope, relative to the horizon for gravitational removal of condensate in the L-shaped adapters; roofing L-shaped adapters (21) equipped with insulated access hatches (22) for carrying out the necessary routine maintenance; wall gas-air channels (23) with ventilation dampers at the outlet of the channels of gas-air emissions (25); an additional layer of insulation of the underground part of the wall gas-air channels (24); inertia gas-air space under the building (26); air inlet duct to the boiler (27) with two ventilation dampers (28).

The system for transporting gas-air emissions from a building to a greenhouse and (or) outside the community includes:

exhaust duct for gas-air emissions from the building (29) with a ventilation flap (30) and a reversible gas-air fan (31); condensate conduit (32) for condensate discharge formed during cooling of gas-air emissions, equipped with a drain valve (33); underground duct, which can be combined with storm sewers (34) and equipped with a layer of insulation (35); well drainage well with insulated cover (36) with drainage shutter (37); reversible fan (38), with a ventilation flap (39) of the channel for supplying gas-air emissions to the greenhouse; reversible fan (40) with a ventilation flap (41) extracting gas-air emissions outside the village.

The design of the inflow of outdoor air into the premises for each translucent opening of the outer fence of an energy-efficient heated building with a greenhouse according to FIG. 2 - Section AA consists of: a channel for the influx of external air (1); passing through the casing of the roller shutter (2) and the window-sill block of the building fence (3); silencer (4); ventilation flap (5), which can be equipped with an electric drive, the control of which can be automated, and can also be combined with a system for controlling the dynamics of the number of people and access control in the building’s premises; strainer (6) and air diffuser (7).

With the help of the design of the outdoor air inflow into the premises of an energy-efficient heated building with a greenhouse, the outdoor air inflow can be carried out including then, when the roller shutter (8) with insulated lamellas (9) closes the translucent opening of the building fencing.

The device operates an energy-efficient heated building with a greenhouse in three modes:

- main mode of operation;

- reverse operation mode;

- emergency operation.

For all operating modes, the external air inflow into the building’s premises is carried out according to the same algorithm even when the roller shutter with insulated lamellas closes the translucent opening of the building’s fencing - the fresh air enters the building’s premises through the external air supply channel passing through the roller shutter cover and the window fencing block of the building through a muffler, a ventilation flap, which can be equipped with an electric drive, the control of which can be automated, as well as l combined with a system for controlling the dynamics of the number of people and access control to the building’s premises, through a mesh filter and an air distributor in order to optimize the number of working heat-exchange channels for building gas-air emissions located in the insulation layer of the building’s outer fence to ensure turbulence in the core of the building’s gas-flow stream during passage through working heat exchange channels.

The main mode of operation of an energy-efficient heated building with a greenhouse is carried out during the heating period and during the cold season of a part of the non-heating period to ensure the necessary amount of supply air to the building’s premises, reduce the heat energy consumption of the boiler and ensure, if necessary, the influx of gas-air emissions into the greenhouse, as fruitful gas environment saturated with carbon dioxide, water vapor, gas radicals of the combustion products of the boiler to provide intensive th growing plants.

The flue gases from the water-heating power device through the control valve through the channel for supplying gas emissions enter the gas-air mixer. Exhaust ventilation air from the building’s premises with a fan for each vertical ventilation duct enters the same device from the premises of the building through ventilation ducts equipped with fire-prevention, control and check valves, as well as silencers.

The gas-air mixer is a device for mixing the auxiliary gas stream - flue gases with a temperature of about 150 degrees Celsius - with the main gas stream with exhaust ventilation air at room temperature, which is equipped with adjusting dampers for supplying gas-air emissions with a temperature of about 25-35 degrees Celsius into the heat-exchange channels of gas-air emissions of a building, located in the insulation layer of the outer fence of the building.

Further gas-air emissions fall sequentially into the roofing channels, L-shaped roof-wall adapters, wall channels, L-shaped wall-heat-inertial adapters under the building, arranged in such a way that they are located in the insulation layer of the building envelope in such a way as to ensure maximum heat emission of gas-air emissions during the lack of the possibility of operational freezing of the walls of the VHRM2 heat exchange modules in the conditions of the coldest five-day period of the heating period.

It should be noted that the number of open ventilation flaps of the heat transfer channels, taking into account the cross-sectional area of the heat transfer channels, should be such that the core of the gas-air emission stream is turbulent.

The heat given off by gas and air emissions in the heat exchange channels, partially replacing the heat flux from the premises to the outside, allows reducing the amount of heat energy needed for heating the building, expanding the served comfort zones of the building premises; allows you to dissipate additional thermal energy in the building envelope, which increases the frost resistance of building structures in the heating period. It should be noted that in the underground part the heat exchange channels must be additionally insulated from the side of the building premises taking into account the thermal resistance of the soil.

Further, gas-air emissions from heat exchange channels enter the heat-inert gas-air space under the building and can then be supplied as a supply air-gas mixture to the gas-air channel of a boiler or, through mechanical induction, can enter an underground duct, which can be combined with storm drains, from which gas-air emissions can served either in the greenhouse, as with a higher content of carbon dioxide, water vapor, gas radicals of the combustion products in the boiler than the outside air, and with an integrally substantially greater enthalpy than the enthalpy of the outside air, a productive gas environment for intensive plant growth, or by mechanical stimulation by a fan outside the village.

In parallel with the ventilation circuit for the disposal of gas-air emissions from the building, the design provides for a system of drainage of condensate gas-air emissions, combined with storm sewers to remove condensate outside the village.

In the main mode of operation of an energy-efficient heated building with a greenhouse, a blockage with a heat-insulating plug and a closed adjustable damper of a gas-air emergency pipe are provided.

The reversible mode of operation of an energy-efficient heated building with a greenhouse is carried out in hot time, when it is necessary to limit the flow of external heat flow through the building envelope into the building.

In the reverse mode of operation in a gas-air spare pipe, the heat-insulating plug is removed from the pipe into a niche by means of a mechanical flap shutter, and the ventilation flap also opens when the exhaust fan of the spare pipe is operating.

In addition, a reversible fan with a drainage shutter of the inertia space under the building is switched on to the position of the air flow into the inertia space from the underground duct; The reversible fan of the channel for supplying gas-air emissions to the greenhouse and extracting gas-air emissions outside the village are switched to the mode of supplying external air to the gas-air emissions channels of the building.

In this combination of operation of the devices of the design of an energy-efficient heated building with a greenhouse, the colder air of the underground duct will enter through the inertia space under the building into those heat exchange channels where the ventilation dampers are open, thereby accumulating part of the external heat flux passing through the building envelope into the building’s premises . Further, the air heated in the VHRM2 heat-exchange modules through a gas-air mixer enters the gas-air spare pipe and is thrown out with the help of an exhaust fan.

At the same time, normal gas and air emissions from the building can be discharged through it. Condensate is removed from the building in the same way as the main mode of operation.

The emergency operation mode of an energy-efficient heated building with a greenhouse can be carried out at the beginning of the operation of the boiler, as well as in case of force majeure (fire, smoke, etc.) in the building.

In the emergency mode of operation, as well as in the reverse mode of operation, in the gas-air emergency pipe, the heat-insulating plug is removed from the pipe into the niche by means of a mechanical flap shutter, and the adjustable damper of the gas-air emergency pipe opens during operation of the exhaust fan of the gas exhaust pipe.

Claims (4)

1. The device is an energy-efficient heated building with a greenhouse, containing a hot water boiler, a heat recovery system for exhaust ventilation air and flue gases of a hot water boiler, including a gas-air mixer, heat-exchange channels for gas-air emissions of a building located in the insulation layer of the building's outer enclosure, heat-inert space under the building with a condensate pipe gas control valves regulating the flow of outside air, exhaust gas emissions from the premises of the building, the number of working x heat-exchange channels for gas-air emissions of a building, characterized in that it comprises a structure for transporting gas-air emissions by mechanical stimulation from the inertia space under the building to a greenhouse, including an exhaust gas-air exhaust channel, an underground duct and a channel for supplying gas-air emissions to the greenhouse, and also contains mechanical motivation fans exhaust air depending on the weather and the flow of outdoor air to ensure the stationary existence of the turbo the core of the building's gas-air emissions flow in heat-exchange channels of the building's gas-air emissions, the heat-exchange channels of building's gas-air emissions are located in the insulation layer of the building's outer fence at a distance that, on the one hand, ensures that they do not freeze without passing through them the flow of gas-air emissions at an acceptable room temperature temperature in the premises of the building in the conditions of the coldest five-day period of the heating period and, on the other hand, provides the maximum possible coefficient efficiency heat recovery system in the building. 2. The device of an energy-efficient heated building with a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas control valves for the influx of external air, exhaust gas emissions from the premises of the building, heat-exchange channels for gas-air emissions of the building, located in the insulation layer of the building’s outer fence and devices for adjusting the performance of mechanical induction fans the movement of exhaust air and gas-air emissions of the building, with the possibility of automated control of the amount of external air inflow and in the premises of the building, it can be combined with the dynamics of the number of people monitoring and access control system in the premises of the building. 3. The device is an energy-efficient heated building with a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the underground pipeline for supplying gas-air emissions from the building to the greenhouse may contain a layer of thermal insulation. 4. The device of an energy-efficient heated building with a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the underground pipeline for supplying gas-air emissions from the building outside the settlement can be combined with storm sewers of the settlement.

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